220 research outputs found
Determination of Electromagnetic Source Direction as an Eigenvalue Problem
Low-frequency solar and interplanetary radio bursts are generated at
frequencies below the ionospheric plasma cutoff and must therefore be measured
in space, with deployable antenna systems. The problem of measuring both the
general direction and polarization of an electromagnetic source is commonly
solved by iterative fitting methods such as linear regression that deal
simultaneously with both directional and polarization parameters. We have
developed a scheme that separates the problem of deriving the source direction
from that of determining the polarization, avoiding iteration in a
multi-dimensional manifold. The crux of the method is to first determine the
source direction independently of concerns as to its polarization. Once the
source direction is known, its direct characterization in terms of Stokes
vectors in a single iteration if desired, is relatively simple. This study
applies the source-direction determination to radio signatures of flares
received by STEREO. We studied two previously analyzed radio type III bursts
and found that the results of the eigenvalue decomposition technique are
consistent with those obtained previously by Reiner et al. (Solar Phys. 259,
255, 2009). For the type III burst observed on 7 December 2007, the difference
in travel times from the derived source location to STEREO A and B is the same
as the difference in the onset times of the burst profiles measured by the two
spacecraft. This is consistent with emission originating from a single,
relatively compact source. For the second event of 29 January 2008, the
relative timing does not agree, suggesting emission from two sources separated
by 0.1 AU, or perhaps from an elongated region encompassing the apparent source
locations.Comment: 22 pages, 7 figures, Accepted in Solar Physic
Width of Radio-Loud and Radio-Quiet CMEs
In the present paper we report on the difference in angular sizes between
radio-loud and radio-quiet CMEs. For this purpose we compiled these two samples
of events using Wind/WAVES and SOHO/LASCO observations obtained during
1996-2005. It is shown that the radio-loud CMEs are almost two times wider than
the radio-quiet CMEs (considering expanding parts of CMEs). Furthermore we show
that the radio-quiet CMEs have a narrow expanding bright part with a large
extended diffusive structure. These results were obtained by measuring the CME
widths in three different ways.Comment: Solar Physic, in pres
Radio Bursts Associated with Flare and Ejecta in the 13 July 2004 Event
We investigate coronal transients associated with a GOES M6.7 class flare and
a coronal mass ejection (CME) on 13 July 2004. During the rising phase of the
flare, a filament eruption, loop expansion, a Moreton wave, and an ejecta were
observed. An EIT wave was detected later on. The main features in the radio
dynamic spectrum were a frequency-drifting continuum and two type II bursts.
Our analysis shows that if the first type II burst was formed in the low
corona, the burst heights and speed are close to the projected distances and
speed of the Moreton wave (a chromospheric shock wave signature). The
frequency-drifting radio continuum, starting above 1 GHz, was formed almost two
minutes prior to any shock features becoming visible, and a fast-expanding
piston (visible as the continuum) could have launched another shock wave. A
possible scenario is that a flare blast overtook the earlier transient, and
ignited the first type II burst. The second type II burst may have been formed
by the same shock, but only if the shock was propagating at a constant speed.
This interpretation also requires that the shock-producing regions were located
at different parts of the propagating structure, or that the shock was passing
through regions with highly different atmospheric densities. This complex
event, with a multitude of radio features and transients at other wavelengths,
presents evidence for both blast-wave-related and CME-related radio emissions.Comment: 14 pages, 6 figures; Solar Physics Topical Issue, in pres
Reconstructing the 3-D Trajectories of CMEs in the Inner Heliosphere
A method for the full three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction of the
trajectories of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) using Solar TErrestrial RElations
Observatory (STEREO) data is presented. Four CMEs that were simultaneously
observed by the inner and outer coronagraphs (COR1 and 2) of the Ahead and
Behind STEREO satellites were analysed. These observations were used to derive
CME trajectories in 3-D out to ~15Rsun. The reconstructions using COR1/2 data
support a radial propagation model. Assuming pseudo-radial propagation at large
distances from the Sun (15-240Rsun), the CME positions were extrapolated into
the Heliospheric Imager (HI) field-of-view. We estimated the CME velocities in
the different fields-of-view. It was found that CMEs slower than the solar wind
were accelerated, while CMEs faster than the solar wind were decelerated, with
both tending to the solar wind velocity.Comment: 17 pages, 10 figures, 1 appendi
Statistical Survey of Type III Radio Bursts at Long Wavelengths Observed by the Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory (STEREO)/Waves Instruments: Radio Flux Density Variations with Frequency
We have performed a statistical study of Type III radio bursts observed
by Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory (STEREO)/Waves between May 2007 and
February 2013. We have investigated the flux density between kHz and
MHz. Both high- and low-frequency cutoffs have been observed in of
events suggesting an important role of propagation. As already reported by
previous authors, we observed that the maximum flux density occurs at MHz on
both spacecraft. We have developed a simplified analytical model of the flux
density as a function of radial distance and compared it to the STEREO/Waves
data.Comment: published in Solar Physic
Applications of patching to quadratic forms and central simple algebras
This paper provides applications of patching to quadratic forms and central
simple algebras over function fields of curves over henselian valued fields. In
particular, we use a patching approach to reprove and generalize a recent
result of Parimala and Suresh on the u-invariant of p-adic function fields, for
p odd. The strategy relies on a local-global principle for homogeneous spaces
for rational algebraic groups, combined with local computations.Comment: 48 pages; connectivity now required in the definition of rational
group; beginning of Section 4 reorganized; other minor change
Observations of Coronal Mass Ejections with the Coronal Multichannel Polarimeter
The Coronal Multichannel Polarimeter (CoMP) measures not only the
polarization of coronal emission, but also the full radiance profiles of
coronal emission lines. For the first time, CoMP observations provide
high-cadence image sequences of the coronal line intensity, Doppler shift and
line width simultaneously in a large field of view. By studying the Doppler
shift and line width we may explore more of the physical processes of CME
initiation and propagation. Here we identify a list of CMEs observed by CoMP
and present the first results of these observations. Our preliminary analysis
shows that CMEs are usually associated with greatly increased Doppler shift and
enhanced line width. These new observations provide not only valuable
information to constrain CME models and probe various processes during the
initial propagation of CMEs in the low corona, but also offer a possible
cost-effective and low-risk means of space weather monitoring.Comment: 6 figures. Will appear in the special issue of Coronal Magnetism,
Sol. Phy
Coronal Shock Waves, EUV waves, and Their Relation to CMEs. I. Reconciliation of "EIT waves", Type II Radio Bursts, and Leading Edges of CMEs
We show examples of excitation of coronal waves by flare-related abrupt
eruptions of magnetic rope structures. The waves presumably rapidly steepened
into shocks and freely propagated afterwards like decelerating blast waves that
showed up as Moreton waves and EUV waves. We propose a simple quantitative
description for such shock waves to reconcile their observed propagation with
drift rates of metric type II bursts and kinematics of leading edges of coronal
mass ejections (CMEs). Taking account of different plasma density falloffs for
propagation of a wave up and along the solar surface, we demonstrate a close
correspondence between drift rates of type II bursts and speeds of EUV waves,
Moreton waves, and CMEs observed in a few known events.Comment: 30 pages, 15 figures. Solar Physics, published online. The final
publication is available at http://www.springerlink.co
Mantle-cell lymphoma genotypes identified with CGH to BAC microarrays define a leukemic subgroup of disease and predict patient outcome
To identify recurrent genomic changes in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), we used high-resolution comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) to bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) microarrays in 68 patients and 9 MCL-derived cell lines. Array CGH defined an MCL genomic signature distinct from other B-cell lymphomas, including deletions of 1p21 and 11q22.3-ATM gene with coincident 10p12-BMI1 gene amplification and 10p14 deletion, along with a previously unidentified loss within 9q21-q22. Specific genomic alterations were associated with different subgroups of disease. Notably, 11 patients with leukemic MCL showed a different genomic profile than nodal cases, including 8p21.3 deletion at tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) receptor gene cluster (55% versus 19%; P = .01) and gain of 8q24.1 at MYC locus (46% versus 14%; P = .015). Additionally, leukemic MCL exhibited frequent IGVH mutation (64% versus 21%; P = .009) with preferential VH4-39 use (36% versus 4%; P = .005) and followed a more indolent clinical course. Blastoid variants, increased number of genomic gains, and deletions of P16/INK4a and TP53 genes correlated with poorer outcomes, while 1p21 loss was associated with prolonged survival (P = .02). In multivariate analysis, deletion of 9q21-q22 was the strongest predictor for inferior survival (hazard ratio [HR], 6; confidence interval [CI], 2.3 to 15.7). Our study highlights the genomic profile as a predictor for clinical outcome and suggests that "genome scanning" of chromosomes 1p21, 9q21-q22, 9p21.3-P16/INK4a, and 17p13.1-TP53 may be clinically useful in MCL
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