Effects of mannan-oligosaccharides-supplemented diets on production performance of four close-bred flocks of Japanese quail breeders

The present study was conducted to find out the dietary effects of mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS) supplemented diets on the production performance of four close-bred flocks (CBFs) of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) breeders. A total of 960 twelve-week-old birds of four CBFs were randomly divided into four groups (n = 240) with 12 replicates (n = 20). Birds were fed a corn-based basal diet or the same diet supplemented with 0.25%, 0.50%, and 1.0% MOS for 15 weeks. The authors analysed the data by two-way ANOVA techniques using SAS (Statistical Analysis System). Birds fed MOS-supplemented diets had significantly higher body and egg weight, egg mass, and egg number than the control group. Similarly, the feed conversion ratio (FCR)/dozen eggs, FCR/kg egg mass, and mortality were significantly lower in MOS supplemented groups. However, no significant effect of MOS supplementation was recorded on feed intake and egg production of birds. None of the parameters differed significantly among CBFs. The results showed that feeding MOS as a replacement for antibiotic growth factor may positively influence the production performance and health of Japanese quail breeders.Keywords: Body weight, egg weight, egg mass, feed conversion ratio, mortalit

Study of the role of dysprosium substitution in tuning structural, optical, electrical, dielectric, ferroelectric, and magnetic properties of bismuth ferrite multiferroic

Magnetoelectric multiferroics, which combine ferroelectric and magnetic characteristics, have potential use in a variety of electronic devices. In this work, Dy3+ substituted bismuth ferrites with the chemical formula Bi1−xDyxFeO3 (x = 0.0, 0.15, 0.30, 0.45, and 0.60) were synthesized using the sol-gel auto combustion process. The effect of Dysprosium substitution in BiFeO3 (BFO), on its structural, surface morphology, optical, electrical, dielectric, ferroelectric, and magnetic properties were studied. The rhombohedral perovskite structure of the space group (R3c) was confirmed via X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Moreover, the crystallite size had a maximum value of 59.57 nm for x = 0.30. XRD and FTIR confirmed the substitution of Dy3+ into BFO ferrite. Further, the structural change and absorption bands confirmed the substitution of Dy3+ ions into the lattice. For x = 0.30, the energy bandgap of 2.81 eV was found. The resistivity and activation energy were minimum and drift mobility was maximum at x = 0.30 as compared to Dy3+ doped BFO samples. At low frequency, the dielectric loss was reduced, while at high frequency, the dielectric loss increased with increasing frequency. The saturated polarization (PS), electric polarization (EC), and remnant polarization (Pr) have values of 6.95 µC/cm2, 3.49 µC/cm2, and 1.53 kV/cm for x = 0.30, respectively. The maximum saturation magnetization and microwave frequencies were 10.89 emu/g and 2.41 GHz, respectively at Dy3+ concentration x = 0.30. These materials are suitable for electronic and microwave devices

Synthesis and characterizations of nickel doped Co-Zn-Y ferrites

The Nickel substituted Cu-Co-Zn-Ce nano ferrites, Zn0.15Co0.45Cu0.40-xNix Fe1.85Ce0.15O4 with x=0, 0.1, 0.20, 0.30, 0.40, were synthesized using the coprecipitation technique. The sample were sintered at 900 ℃ for 5h. The structural, electrical, dielectric and magnetic properties of all the prepared samples were characterized by XRD, SMU2401, UV-Vis and FTIR. The powder X-ray diffraction patterns of all the prepared samples confirmed the formation of single-phase cubic spinel structures. These samples further characterized for the electrical properties by using two-probe type method. The DC resistivity of all the ferrite composition decreased as the temperature increased, showing their semiconductor nature. UV-Vis and FTIR confirmed the substitution of nickel in Cu-Co-Zn-Ce ferrites. From UV-Vis it is observed that the optical band gap changes from 3.9 eV to 5.3 eV with addition of Ni. FTIR analysis revealed that a strong variation on tetrahedral absorption frequency band is present which is due to the replacement of Ni on Cu. All these results suggested that these materials can be used for wastewater treatment

Mg-modified Zn-Co-Fe-La nano ferrites: a study of structural, morphological, vibrational, electro-optical, dielectric and magnetic evolution

The series of Zn0.4Co0.6−xMgxFe1.9La0.1O4 (x = 0.0, 0.15, 0.30, 0.45, 0.6) nanoferrites prepared via co-precipitation technique. Scherrer and Williamson-Hall (W-H) methods were used to find the crystallite size (29.6–39.2 nm and 31.6–36.3 nm, respectively) and lattice constant was calculated (8.406–8.395 Å). Moreover, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy revealed the existence of absorption bands along with functional groups. The vibrations of O2- ions at the tetrahedral and octahedral sites were shown by the Raman five active modes. DC resistivity reduced in the range of 5.2961 × 108 Ω cm to 9.6453 × 107 Ω cm for x = 0.0 to x = 0.6, respectively. The maximum DC resistivity and activation energy (0.1035 eV) were obtained at the parent sample (Zn0.4Co0.6Fe1.9La0.1O4). The optical bandgaps reduced from 2.61 to 1.47 eV, as the Mg2+ contents increased. With increasing frequency the dielectric loss and the dielectric constant decrease. The magnetic parameters such as saturation magnetization (Ms = 60.82–25.94 emu/g), remnant magnetization (Mr = 47.82–18.64 emu/g), and coercivity (Hc = 1334–511 Oe) demonstrated reducing trends with the increase of Mg2+ doping. The best magnetic behavior of the as-prepared samples suitable in microwave devices was observed for Zn0.4Co0.6Fe1.9La0.1O4 sample

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Tuning structural, electrical, dielectric and magnetic properties of Mg–Cu–Co ferrites via dysprosium (Dy3+) doping

In current research work, Dy3+ substituted Mg0.5Cu0.25Co0.25Fe2‒xDyxO4 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.04 with the step interval of 0.01) soft ferrites were synthesized by the sol–gel auto combustion method. The prepared samples were characterized by the techniques using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, current–voltage (I–V) measurement, LCR meter, vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and Raman. XRD data reveal that the average crystallite size is 49.71 nm and the lattice constant is 0.83703 nm for sample x = 0.03. The non-uniform grain growth was demonstrated by micrographs and impurity-free elemental composition was observed from EDX analysis. The DC resistivity has an increasing and decreasing trend in ferromagnetic and paramagnetic regions with an increase in temperature. Moreover, the high resistivity is observed with the order of 1010 Ω·cm, and the activation energy is 0.944 eV for samples x = 0.03. The dielectric parameters including dielectric constant, dielectric losses, and impedance gradually decrease with the increase in frequency from 8 Hz–8 MHz. The minimum dielectric loss at high frequency is found for sample x = 0.03. The coercivity (Hc) and saturation magnetization (Ms) are found in the ranges of 520.82–544.02 Oe and 20.5841–21.1473 emu/g, respectively. These observations confirm that dysprosium (x = 0.03) doped MCC-soft ferrites may be applicable in transformer cores, microwave absorbance, and telecommunication devices

Superior magnetodielectric properties of CoZnNd ferrites/GNPs composite materials for potential applications

This research explores the effect of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) on structural, electrical, magnetic and dielectric properties along with surface morphology of CoZnNd ferrites (CZNF), synthesized through sol-gel auto combustion route. The results exhibited that CZNF particles were dispersed on GNPs, which modified the structural and electromagnetic characteristics of CZNF. Moreover, SEM micrographs revealed the reduction in agglomeration with inclusion of GNPs. Additionally, resistivity was increased in the ferro region and decreased in the para region with rising temperature. TCR for CZNF/2.5 wt %GNPs composite was recorded as −3.49% at 371 K. Excellent magnetodielectric properties were observed for CZNF/2.5 wt %GNPs composite, i.e. Ms = 141.76 emu/g and Hc = 81.2 Oe along with minimum Tan δm and skin depth. On the basis of studied parameters, CZNF/2.5 wt %GNPs composite is appropriate for high frequency micro wave shielding applications, inductors, filters, bolometers and switching devices

Graphene nanoplatelets/Ni-Co-Nd spinel ferrite composites with improving dielectric properties

Due to their low cost, easy preparation, and outstanding electrical, dielectric, and magnetic properties, spinel ferrites are of enormous scientific and technological importance. Moreover, graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) are an excellent supporting material for the construction of a wide range of composites. The sol-gel auto combustion (SGAC) route was used to prepare Ni0.5Co0.5Fe1.97Nd0.03O4 (NCNF) ferrite and their composites with GNPs. Single-phase structures were found by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and the crystallite size increased with the insertion of GNPs into the NCNF sample. Raman spectra also confirmed the spinel structure of the ferrites and supported the existence of graphene in the composite. Micrographs indicate that agglomeration decreased in all the samples. It was found for the NCNF/2.5 wt%GNPs composite, the energy bandgap was 1.90 eV, while the temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) had a value of -4.27 K-1 and the values of the dielectric constant and quality (Q) factor were a maximum. Moreover, the dielectric tangent loss was minimum, and magnetic tangent loss was maximum for the NCNF/2.5 wt%GNPs composite. A saturation magnetization of 108.83 emu/g and 24.06 GHz microwave frequency were observed for NCNF/2.5 wt%GNPs composite. Therefore, the composite NCNF/2.5 wt%GNPs had improved dielectric characteristics making them a promising material for a variety of applications, including microwave frequency operating devices, bolometric devices, and microwave absorbing materials

Interface state density of free-standing GaN Schottky diodes

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