Macroscopic motions in prominences I, the prominence of 26th March, 1971

Macroscopic velocity fields have been studied in a solar prominence. The spectra and monochromatic images were analysed, and the existence of a contracting motion, possibly due to a pinch effect, is discussed. A helical shape of the prominence is proposed. The paper in full will be published in Solar PhysicsAsociación Argentina de Astronomí

Macroscopic motions in prominences I, the prominence of 26th March, 1971

Macroscopic velocity fields have been studied in a solar prominence. The spectra and monochromatic images were analysed, and the existence of a contracting motion, possibly due to a pinch effect, is discussed. A helical shape of the prominence is proposed. The paper in full will be published in Solar PhysicsAsociación Argentina de Astronomí

Macroscopic motions in prominences I, the prominence of 26th March, 1971

Macroscopic velocity fields have been studied in a solar prominence. The spectra and monochromatic images were analysed, and the existence of a contracting motion, possibly due to a pinch effect, is discussed. A helical shape of the prominence is proposed. The paper in full will be published in Solar PhysicsAsociación Argentina de Astronomí

The loop prominence of May 13, 1971 and its associated effects

A study is presented about the formation of a loop prominence system (LPS) on May 13, 1971. The development of the phenomenon in found the follow the model of Jefferies and Orrall, and was associated with small radio bursts and several kind SID. From the spectral analysis a temperature of 13200 K has been deduced and a density of hydrogen atoms n(H) = 10¹⁰ cm⁻⁸ estimated. The existence of inclined emissions probably produced by rotatory motions is discussed. From the radio-data analysis it was inferred that an impulsive and a thermal component were present, the length of the emitting plasma cloud was found to be about 56000 Km. The LPS appeared, in accordance to previous results, in a región producing proton fiares. The paper in full will be published in Solar Physics.Asociación Argentina de Astronomí

The loop prominence of May 13, 1971 and its associated effects

A study is presented about the formation of a loop prominence system (LPS) on May 13, 1971. The development of the phenomenon in found the follow the model of Jefferies and Orrall, and was associated with small radio bursts and several kind SID. From the spectral analysis a temperature of 13200 K has been deduced and a density of hydrogen atoms n(H) = 10¹⁰ cm⁻⁸ estimated. The existence of inclined emissions probably produced by rotatory motions is discussed. From the radio-data analysis it was inferred that an impulsive and a thermal component were present, the length of the emitting plasma cloud was found to be about 56000 Km. The LPS appeared, in accordance to previous results, in a región producing proton fiares. The paper in full will be published in Solar Physics.Asociación Argentina de Astronomí

The loop prominence of May 13, 1971 and its associated effects

A study is presented about the formation of a loop prominence system (LPS) on May 13, 1971. The development of the phenomenon in found the follow the model of Jefferies and Orrall, and was associated with small radio bursts and several kind SID. From the spectral analysis a temperature of 13200 K has been deduced and a density of hydrogen atoms n(H) = 10¹⁰ cm⁻⁸ estimated. The existence of inclined emissions probably produced by rotatory motions is discussed. From the radio-data analysis it was inferred that an impulsive and a thermal component were present, the length of the emitting plasma cloud was found to be about 56000 Km. The LPS appeared, in accordance to previous results, in a región producing proton fiares. The paper in full will be published in Solar Physics.Asociación Argentina de Astronomí

Self-Assembly Behavior of Amphiphilic Janus Dendrimers in Water: A Combined Experimental and Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics Simulation Approach

Indexación: Scopus.Acknowledgments: M.E.E.G. thank the Ph. D. scholarship (251115) from CONACyT. The authors would like to thank: Luis Elizalde-Herrera (CIQA) for his help running the NMR spectra; Gloria Macedo-Raygoza and Miguel J. Beltrán-García (UAG), for their help in the measuring of MALDI-TOF mass spectra; and Maricela Rodríguez-Nieto and Jorge Luis Menchaca (UANL), for their help with the AFM measurements. FDGN thanks to the USA Air Force Office of Scientific Research Awards.Amphiphilic Janus dendrimers (JDs) are repetitively branched molecules with hydrophilic and hydrophobic components that self-assemble in water to form a variety of morphologies, including vesicles analogous to liposomes with potential pharmaceutical and medical application. To date, the self-assembly of JDs has not been fully investigated thus it is important to gain insight into its mechanism and dependence on JDs’ molecular structure. In this study, the aggregation behavior in water of a second-generation bis-MPA JD was evaluated using experimental and computational methods. Dispersions of JDs in water were carried out using the thin-film hydration and ethanol injection methods. Resulting assemblies were characterized by dynamic light scattering, confocal microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Furthermore, a coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CG-MD) simulation was performed to study the mechanism of JDs aggregation. The obtaining of assemblies in water with no interdigitated bilayers was confirmed by the experimental characterization and CG-MD simulation. Assemblies with dendrimersome characteristics were obtained using the ethanol injection method. The results of this study establish a relationship between the molecular structure of the JD and the properties of its aggregates in water. Thus, our findings could be relevant for the design of novel JDs with tailored assemblies suitable for drug delivery systems. © 2018 by the authors.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/23/4/96

Evaluación de tres enraizadores comerciales en la producción de plántulas de tomate indeterminado (Solanum lycopersicum (L.) Lam)

Objective: To evaluate the development of undetermined tomato seedlings under protected conditions, applying three rooters and a witness to increase the production of the culture in the region. Design/methodology/ approach: it was employed through an experimental design by blocks completely at random, which consisted on four treatments belonging to each one of the blocks, where each block belonged to four unicel trays of 200 cavities of BM2 substratum, with four repetitions each one, taking 15 experimental units for treatment, making a total of 60 experimental units, having a total of 240 tomato seedlings in the whole experiment. Results: As a result, it was obtained that the Phyto Root rooter had a great effect in the height development, stem thickness, number of leaves, aerial biomass and root ball weight, important parameters that a seedling must have for its development and growth at the transplantation moment to the field. Study limitations/implications: The agronomic handle from the sowing is necessary to be uniform in all the treatments and the repetitions, in order to obtain better results due to the rooters effect. Findings/ conclusions: To obtain good quality seedlings in the moment of transplantation to the field, it is recommended to the company and to the seedling producers to employ the Phyto Root treatment, due that this was the one with the best response.Objetivo: Evaluar el desarrollo de plántula de tomate indeterminado bajo condiciones protegidas, aplicando  tres enraizadores  y un testigo para aumentar la producción del cultivo en la región. Diseño/metodología/aproximación: se utilizó bajo un diseño experimental en bloques completamente al azar, el cual consistió de cuatro tratamientos correspondiendo a cada uno de los bloques, donde cada bloque pertenecía a cuatro charolas de unicel de 200 cavidades con sustrato de BM2, con cuatro repeticiones cada uno, teniendo 15 unidades experimentales por tratamiento, sumando un total de 60 unidades experimentales, teniendo un total de 240 plántulas de tomate por todo el experimento. Resultados: Como resultado se obtuvo que el enraizador de Phyto Root  tuvo un gran efecto en cuanto al desarrollo de altura, grosor de tallo, numero de hojas, biomasa aérea y peso del cepellón, parámetros importantes que debe tener una plántula para su desarrollo y crecimiento al momento de trasplante a campo. Limitaciones del estudio/implicaciones: El manejo agronómico desde la siembra en charolas, es necesario que sea uniforme en todos los tratamientos y las repeticiones para tener mejores resultados en cuanto el efecto de los enraizadores. Hallazgos/conclusiones: Para obtener plántulas de buena calidad en el momento de trasplante a campo se le recomienda a la empresa y a los productores de plántulas utilizar el tratamiento de Phyto Root, ya que fue la que mejor respuesta tuvo

Long-term trends, current status, and transitions of water quality in Chesapeake Bay

Coincident climatic and human effects strongly influence water-quality properties in estuarine-coastal ecosystems around the world. Time-series data for a number of ecosystems reveal high spatio-temporal variability superimposed on secular trends traceable to nutrient over-enrichment. In this paper, we present new analyses of long-term data for Chesapeake Bay directed at several goals: (1) to distinguish trends from spatio-temporal variability imposed by climatic effects; (2) to assess long-term trends of water-quality properties reflecting degradation and recovery; (3) to propose numerical water-quality criteria as targets for restoration; (4) to assess progress toward attainment of these targets. The bay has experienced multiple impairments associated with nutrient over-enrichment since World War II, e.g., low dissolved oxygen (DO), decreased water clarity, and harmful algal blooms (HAB). Anthropogenic eutrophication has been expressed as increased chlorophyll-a (chl-a) driven by accelerated nutrient loading from 1945 to 1980. Management intervention led to decreased loading thereafter, but deleterious symptoms of excess nutrients persist. Climatic effects exemplified by irregular “dry” and “wet” periods in the last 30+ years largely explain high inter-annual variability of water-quality properties, requiring adjustments to resolve long-term trends. Here, we extend these analyses at a finer temporal scale to six decades of chl-a, Secchi depth, and nitrite plus nitrate (NO 2 + NO 3 ) data to support trend analyses and the development of numerical water-quality criteria. The proposed criteria build on a conceptual model emphasizing the need to distinguish climatic and human effects in gauging progress to reverse eutrophication in estuarine-coastal ecosystems

Seasonal to Inter-Annual Variability of Primary Production in Chesapeake Bay: Prospects to Reverse Eutrophication and Change Trophic Classification

Estuarine-coastal ecosystems are rich areas of the global ocean with elevated rates of organic matter production supporting major fisheries. Net and gross primary production (NPP, GPP) are essential properties of these ecosystems, characterized by high spatial, seasonal, and inter-annual variability associated with climatic effects on hydrology. Over 20 years ago, Nixon defined the trophic classification of marine ecosystems based on annual phytoplankton primary production (APPP), with categories ranging from “oligotrophic” to “hypertrophic”. Source data consisting of shipboard measurements of NPP and GPP from 1982 to 2004 for Chesapeake Bay in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States supported estimates of APPP from 300 to 500 g C m−2 yr−1, corresponding to “eutrophic” to “hypertrophic” categories. Here, we developed generalized additive models (GAM) to interpolate the limited spatio-temporal resolution of source data. Principal goals were: (1) to develop predictive models of NPP and GPP calibrated to source data (1982 to 2004); (2) to apply the models to historical (1960s, 1970s) and monitoring (1985 to 2015) data with adjustments for nutrient loadings and climatic effects; (3) to estimate APPP from model predictions of NPP; (4) to test effects of simulated reductions of phytoplankton biomass or nutrient loadings on trophic classification based on APPP. Simulated 40% decreases of euphotic-layer chl-a or TN and NO2 + NO3 loadings led to decreasing APPP sufficient to change trophic classification from “eutrophic’ to “mesotrophic” for oligohaline (OH) and polyhaline (PH) salinity zones, and from “hypertrophic” to “eutrophic” for the mesohaline (MH) salinity zone of the bay. These findings show that improved water quality is attainable with sustained reversal of nutrient over-enrichment sufficient to decrease phytoplankton biomass and APPP