A utilização de alumino-silicatos como agentes protetores contra a aflatoxicose na alimentação de frangos de corte

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of two alumino-silicates against deleterious effects of a toxin on growth performance and blood parameters of male broilers. The products did not counteract the negative effects on growth performance. Total protein and gtotamic-oxalacetic transaminase in blood from birds fed contaminated and non contaminated rations, were negatively affected (PO experimento foi conduzido para testar a eficiência de dois alumino-silicatos, no controle da aflatoxicose em frangos de corte (machos). Foram efetuadas análises de sangue para verificação da influência da aflatoxina no perfil sanguíneo das aves. Os resultados mostraram efeito negativo (

Ocorrência de aflatoxina em amendoim, no estado de São Paulo, durante os anos de 1988 e 1989

This paper reports the analysis of 625 samples of shelled peanuts, mostly hand pick selected (HPS), during the years of 1988 (517) and 1989 (108) . Considering that the Brazilian legislation permits a maximum of 30 ¼g/kg of aflatoxin B1+G1, the results showed that in 1988, 52% of the samples (mostly corresponding to lots) were contaminated and in 1989, 34%. The average level of aflatoxin (B1 + G1) in the contaminated samples were 133.8 ¼g/kg in 1988 and 414.8 ¼g/kg in 1989, which can be considered high. The amount of utilizable lots by the food industry, was 67% in 1988 and 76% in 1989 (corresponding to the samples with the levels: not detected and under 30 ¼g/kg).Este trabalho teve o escopo de dar a público os resultados das análises efetuadas num total de 625 amostras de amendoim descascado, na sua maioria HPS ("hand pick selected"), durante os anos de 1988 (517) e 1989 (108). Considerando que a legislação brasileira permite um máximo de 30 /¼g/kg, somadas as aflatoxinas B1 e G1, os resultados mostraram que em 1988, 52% das amostras (correspondentes a lotes), estavam contaminadas e em 1989, 34%. Os níveis médios de aflatoxina nas amostras contaminadas foram de 13 3,8 ¼g/kg em 1988 e 414,8 ¼g/kg em 1989, que podem ser considerados elevados. O contingente de lotes utilizáveis pela indústria foi de 67% em 1988 e 76% em 1989 (correspondentes às amostras com níveis não detectáveis e abaixo de 30 ¼g/kg)

Chromogenic in situ hybridization compared with other approaches to evaluate HER2/neu status in breast carcinomas

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) has been evaluated in breast cancer patients to identify those most likely to benefit from herceptin-targeted therapy. HER2 amplification, detected in 20-30% of invasive breast tumors, is associated with reduced survival and metastasis. The most frequently used technique for evaluating HER2 protein status as a routine procedure is immunohistochemistry (IHC). HER2 copy number alterations have also been evaluated by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in moderate immunoexpression (IHC 2+) cases. An alternative procedure to evaluate gene amplification is chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH), which has some advantages over FISH, including the correlation between HER2 status and morphological features. Other methodologies have also been used, such as silver-enhanced in situ hybridization (SISH) and quantitative real-time RT-PCR, to determine the number of HER2 gene copies and expression, respectively. Here we will present a short and comprehensive review of the current advances concerning HER2 evaluation in human breast cancer

Two New Unstable Haemoglobins Leading To Chronic Haemolytic Anaemia: Hb Caruaru [β122 (gh5) Phe→ser], A Probable Case Of Germ Line Mutation, And Hb Olinda [β22 (b4) - 25 (b7)], A Deletion Of A 12 Base-pair Sequence

We describe here two new unstable β-globin variants, Hb Caruaru and Hb Olinda, found in northeastern Brazil, both associated with chronic haemolytic anaemia. Haemoglobin Caruaru is caused by a single base substitution at codon 122 (TTC→TCC), possibly originating from the germ line cells of the patient's grandmother. Haemoglobin Olinda is also a de novo mutation, caused by a 12 bp deletion leading to the removal of the 22nd to the 25th residues of the normal β-globin chain. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S.834378382Akiyama, M., Murayama, S., Yokoi, K., Hemoglobin Hammersmith [beta 42(CD1) Phe - > Ser] causing severe hemolytic anemia in a Japanese girl (2006) Pediatr Blood Cancer, 47, pp. 839-841Williamson, D., The unstable haemoglobins (1993) Blood Rev, 7, pp. 146-163Dacie, J.V., Lewis, S.M., (1995) Practical Haematology, 8th Edn., , New York. Churchill LivingstoneAntonini, E., Brunini, M., (1971) Hemoglobin and Myoglobin in Their Reaction with Ligands., , Amsterdam. North-Holland Publishing CompanyRossi-Fanelli, A., Antonini, E., Studies on the oxygen and carbon monoxide equilibria of human myoglobin (1958) Arch Biochem Biophys, 77, pp. 478-492Miranda, S.R.P., Fonseca, S.F., Figueiredo, M.S., Hb Köln [a2b298(FG5) Val - >met] identified by DNA analysis in a Brazilian family (1997) Braz J Genet, 20, pp. 745-748Bowden, D.K., Vickers, M.A., Higgs, D.R., A PCR-based strategy to detect the common severe determinants of alpha thalassaemia (1992) Br J Haematol, 81, pp. 104-108Chong, S.S., Boehm, C.D., Higgs, D.R., Single-tube multiplex-PCR screen for common deletional determinants of alpha-thalassemia (2000) Blood, 95, pp. 360-362Dodé, C., Krishnamoorthy, R., Lamb, J., Rochette, J., Rapid analysis of -alpha 3.7 thalassaemia and alpha alpha alpha anti 3.7 triplication by enzymatic amplification analysis (1993) Br J Haematol, 83, pp. 105-111Kattamis, A.C., Camaschella, C., Sivera, P., Human alpha-thalassemia syndromes: Detection of molecular defects (1996) Am J Hematol, 53, pp. 81-91Sutton, M., Bouhassira, E.E., Nagel, R.L., Polymerase chain reaction amplification applied to the determination of beta-like globin gene cluster haplotypes (1989) Am J Hematol, 32, pp. 66-9Orkin, S.H., Kazazian, Jr.H.H., Antonarakis, S.E., Linkage of beta-thalassaemia mutations and beta-globin gene polymorphisms with DNA polymorphisms in human beta-globin gene cluster (1982) Nature, 296, pp. 627-631Nagel, R.L., Disorders of hemoglobin function and stability (2001) Disorders of Hemoglobin- Genetics, Pathophysiology and Clinical Management, 1st Edn., pp. 1155-1194. , In. Steinberg, M.H. Forget, B.G. Higgs, D.R. Nagel, R.L. eds. Cambridge, UK. Cambridge University PressWajcman, H., Drupt, F., Henthorn, J.S., Two new variants with the same substitution at position beta122: Hb Bushey [beta122(GH5)Phe - >leu] and Hb Casablanca [beta65(E9)lys - >metBeta122(GH5)Phe - >leu] (2000) Hemoglobin, 24, pp. 125-132Wajcman, H., Girodon, E., Prome, D., Germline mosaicism for an alanine to valine substitution at residue beta 140 in hemoglobin Puttelange, a new variant with high oxygen affinity (1995) Hum Genet, 96, pp. 711-716http://globin.bx.psu.edu/hbvar/menu.html, Globin Gene Server. Web Site. )Ozcelik, H., Basak, A.N., Tuzmen, S., A novel deletion in a Turkish beta-thalassemia patient detected by DGGE and direct sequencing: FSC 22-24 (-7 bp) (1993) Hemoglobin, 17, pp. 387-391Ropero, P., Gonzalez, F.A., Villas, J.M., The novo 4 BP deletion in the codons 20/21 (-TGGA) at the first exon of the beta-globin gene causing a beta0-thalassemia in a Spanish male (2008) Ann Hematol, 87, pp. 63-

The citrus leprosis pathosystem O patossistema leprose dos citros

Citrus leprosis is considered the main viral disease for the Brazilian citrus production, particularly for the State of São Paulo, due to the high costs spent for the chemical control of its vector, the tenuipalpid mite Brevipalpus phoenicis. In addition, its global importance has significantly increased in the last years, with the dissemination of the virus to new countries in South and Central America. In Brazil, despite its economical importance and occurrence for more than seven decades, the most significant advances towards understanding the pathosystem interactions have been obtained only in the last ten years. This review focuses on various aspects of the disease, beginning with a historical view, its main characteristics, alternatives for its control, its increasing economical importance in Brazil and abroad, and the new data on the search for understanding the interactions amongst the mite vector, the virus, and the plant host.<br>A leprose dos citros é considerada a principal virose na citricultura brasileira, com maior destaque no Estado de São Paulo, principalmente pelos altos custos demandados para o controle químico do vetor, o ácaro Brevipalpus phoenicis. Além da relevância dessa virose para a citricultura local, sua importância mundial vem sendo ampliada consideravelmente nos últimos anos, principalmente com a disseminação do vírus em novos países da América do Sul e Central. No Brasil, apesar da sua importância econômica e ocorrência por mais de sete décadas, os mais importantes avanços no entendimento das interações do patossistema leprose têm sido obtidos apenas nos últimos dez anos. Essa revisão aborda os diferentes aspectos dessa doença, trazendo um breve histórico da doença, principais características da leprose, alternativas de controle, sua crescente importância econômica na cadeia citrícola nacional, os mais recentes relatos de sua ocorrência em outros países e os novos resultados obtidos pela pesquisa buscando um melhor entendimento das interações entre ácaro, vírus e hospedeiro vegetal