Investigation of Theileria camelensis in camels infested by Hyalomma dromedarii ticks in Upper Egypt

In the present study, a total of 224 camels infested with Hyalomma dromedarii ticks were investigated for the presence of Theileria camelensis infection in Upper Egypt. The role of Hyalomma dromedarii ticks as the vector of this parasite was also investigated by haemolymph smear examination. Results revealed that 15 (6.75%) of 224 camels were harboring Theileria camelensis in erythrocytes. Furthermore, the theilerial schizont was also seen in lymphocytes. These 15 camels did not show any abnormal clinical signs except three cases that showed enlargement of superficial lymph node and fever. Examination of ticks showed various developmental stages of different shapes and forms of Theileria species

Conventional Detection of Bacterial and Mycotic Infection in Pneumonic Lungs of Cattle Associated with Sever Bovine Respiratory Disease

During the period of investigation from July 2021 to April 2023, a total of 650 cattle were clinically inspected. Eighty diseased cattle with severe signs of Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) were clinically examined. These cases did not respond to antibacterial and anti-inflammatory treatments under Egyptian field conditions. A post-mortem examination of the pneumonic lungs of emergency slaughtered and recently succumbed cases showed fibrosis, caseonecrotic bronchopneumonia, and multiple abscess formations. Pneumonic lung samples were collected for bacterial and mycotic culturing. The frequent distribution of the respiratory pathogens isolated from the pneumonic lungs of necropsied cases (n = 63) were Trueperella pyogenes (T. pyogenes) 90.48% (14/63), Mannheimia haemolytica (M. haemolytica) 85.72% (54/63), Staphylococcus aureus (Staph aureus) 85.72% (54/63), Pasteurella multocida spp. multocida (P. multocida) 9.52% (6/63), βeta-hemolytic Streptococci (βHS) 9.52% (6/63), Escherichia coli (E. coli) 9.52% (6/63), Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus) 9.52% (6/63), and Aspergillus niger (A. niger) 4.76% (3/63). The synergistic situation between bacterial and mycotic infections aggravated the clinical signs of the disease and made treatment impossible

Molecular Typing of Rotaviruses in Diarrheic Neonatal Calves

Rotavirus ribonucleic acid was extracted from 16 fecal samples of the serologically positive diarrheic calves using Latex agglutination test (LAT) and Immunochrmatographic assay (ICA). The extracted RNA was submitted to Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect VP7 and VP4 genes and the positive samples were 100% (16/16) and 81.25% (13/16), respectively. The amplified products were subjected to G and P-genotyping by semi-nested multiplex PCR using of G6, G8 and G10 genotyping and P1, P5 and P11 genotyping primers, respectively. G6 was detected in 10 (62.50%) of 16 samples and G10 was diagnosed in 5 (31.25%) of 16 samples and one (6.25%) sample did not react with any G primer used. P5 was detected in 9 (56.25%) of 16 samples, P11 was diagnosed in 3 (18.75%) of 16 samples, mixed infection with P5+P11 was observed in 1 (6.25%) of 16 samples and 3 (18.75%) samples did not react with any P primer used. G and P genotypes combination revealed that G6P5 was in 50% (8/16), G10P11 in 12.50% (2/16), G10P5 in 6.25% (1/16), G6P11 in 6.25% (1/16), G10 (P5+P11) in 6.25% (1/16), G6P? in 6.25% (1/16), G10P? in 6.25% (1/16), and G?P? in 6.25% (1/16). These results suggest that the detected genotypes can used as dominant strains for the formulation of an appropriate vaccine against BRV in Assiut Governorate. In conclusion, RT-PCR and Semi-nested multiplex PCR can used as rapid and confirmatory test for detection of nucleic acid and genotypes of Rotavirus, G and P genotypes combination in the present study revealed that G6P5, G6P11, G10P5 and G10P11 were circulating genotypes in bovine population in Assiut governorate. G6P5 strain was the most common of all strain diagnosed in other fecal samples. The presence of various combinations of G and P genotypes among field isolates of BRV suggests that genetic reassortment frequently occurred between viral strains with genes encoding different G and P genotypes. Finally, presence of different genotypes of Rotaviruses emphasizes their simultaneous monitoring in animals for the development and optimization of Rotavirus vaccines