714 research outputs found
Mesenchymal tumours of the mediastinum—part II
This is the second part of a two-part review on soft tissue tumours which may be encountered in the mediastinum. This review is based on the 2013 WHO classification of soft tissue tumours and the 2015 WHO classification of tumours of the lung, pleura, thymus and heart and provides an updated overview of mesenchymal tumours that have been reported in the mediastinum
Mesenchymal tumours of the mediastinum—part I
The mediastinum is an anatomically defined space in which organs and major blood vessels reside with surrounding soft tissue elements. The thymus is an important organ in the mediastinum, and many of the masses encountered in the mediastinum are related to this organ. Most neoplasms diagnosed in the mediastinum are epithelial tumours (thymomas and thymic carcinomas), lymphomas or germ cell tumours. In contrast, soft tissue tumours of the mediastinum are rare. In 1963, Pachter and Lattes systematically reviewed soft tissue pathology of the mediastinum, covering the hitherto described [2, 226, 227] In this review, based on the 2013 WHO classification of soft tissue tumours and the 2015 WHO classification of tumours of the lung, pleura, thymus and heart, we provide an updated overview of mesenchymal tumours that may be encountered in the mediastinum
Experimental Implementation of the Quantum Random-Walk Algorithm
The quantum random walk is a possible approach to construct new quantum
algorithms. Several groups have investigated the quantum random walk and
experimental schemes were proposed. In this paper we present the experimental
implementation of the quantum random walk algorithm on a nuclear magnetic
resonance quantum computer. We observe that the quantum walk is in sharp
contrast to its classical counterpart. In particular, the properties of the
quantum walk strongly depends on the quantum entanglement.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, published versio
Validation of distinct type 2 diabetes clusters and their association with diabetes complications in the DEVOTE, LEADER and SUSTAIN-6 cardiovascular outcomes trials
Aims: To validate the clusters of Swedish individuals with recent-onset diabetes at differential risk of complications, which were identified in a previous study, in three global populations with long-standing type 2 diabetes (T2D) who were at high cardiovascular risk, and to test for differences in the risk of major diabetes complications and survival endpoints. Materials and methods: We assigned participants from recent global outcomes trials (DEVOTE [n = 7637], LEADER [n = 9340] and SUSTAIN-6 [n = 3297]) to the previously defined clusters according to age at diabetes diagnosis, baseline glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and body mass index (BMI). Outcomes were assessed using Kaplan–Meier analysis and log-rank tests. Results: The T2D clusters were consistently replicated across the three trial cohorts. The risk of major adverse cardiovascular events and cardiovascular death differed significantly, in all trials, across clusters over a median follow-up duration of 2.0, 3.8 and 2.1 years, respectively, and was highest for the cluster of participants with high HbA1c and low BMI (P < 0.05 in DEVOTE and LEADER). In LEADER and SUSTAIN-6, the risk of nephropathy differed across clusters (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.003, respectively). The risk of severe hypoglycaemia differed in DEVOTE (P = 0.006). Conclusions: Previously identified clusters can be replicated in three geographically diverse cohorts of long-standing T2D and are associated with cluster-specific risk profiles for additional clinical and survival outcomes, providing further validation of the clustering methodology. The external validity and stability of clusters across cohorts provides a premise for future work to optimize the clustering approach to yield T2D subgroups with maximum predictive validity who may benefit from subtype-specific treatment paradigms
Soil cover plants on water erosion control in the South of Minas Gerais
Water erosion is responsible for soil, water, carbon and nutrient losses, turning into the most important type of degradation of Brazilian soils. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of three cover plants under two tillage systems on water erosion control in an Argisol at south of Minas Gerais state, Brazil. The cover plants utilized in the study were pigeon pea, jack bean and millet, under contour seeding and downslope tillage. Experimental plots of 4 x 12 m, with 9% slope, under natural rainfall were used for the quantification of losses of soil, water, nutrients, and organic matter. One experimental plot was kept without plant cover (reference). Higher erosivity was observed in December and January, although a great quantity of erosive rainfall was detected during the whole raining period. Contour seeding provided a greater reduction of water erosion than downslope tillage, as expected. The jack bean under contour seeding revealed the lowest values of soil, water, nutrients and organic matter losses
Interobserver variation in the classification of thymic lesions including biopsies and resection specimens in an international digital microscopy panel
Aims: Thymic tumours are rare in routine pathology
practice. Although the World Health Organization
(WHO) classification describes a number of well-defined categories, the classification remains challenging. The aim of this study was to investigate the
reproducibility of the WHO classification among a
large group of international pathologists with expertise in thymic pathology and by using whole slide
imaging to facilitate rapid diagnostic turnover.
Methods and results: Three hundred and five tumours,
consisting of 90 biopsies and 215 resection specimens,
were reviewed with a panel-based virtual microscopy
approach by a group of 13 pathologists with expertise in
thymic tumours over a period of 6 years. The specimens
were classified according to the WHO 2015 classification.
The data were subjected to statistical analysis, and interobserver concordance (Fleiss kappa) was calculated. All
cases were diagnosed within a time frame of 2 weeks. The
overall level of agreement was substantial (j = 0.6762),
and differed slightly between resection specimens
(j = 0.7281) and biopsies (j = 0.5955). When analysis
was limited to thymomas only, and they were grouped
according to the European Society for Medical Oncology
Clinical Practice Guidelines into B2, B3 versus A, AB, B1
and B3 versus A, AB, B1, B2, the level of agreement
decreased slightly (j = 0.5506 and j = 0.4929, respectively). Difficulties arose in distinguishing thymoma from
thymic carcinoma. Within the thymoma subgroup, difficulties in distinction were seen within the B group.
Conclusions: Agreement in diagnosing thymic lesions
is substantial when they are assessed by pathologists
with experience of these rare tumours. Digital pathology decreases the turnaround time and facilitates
access to what is essentially a multinational resource.
This platform provides a template for de
Ordering and phase diagrams of xenon adsorbed on thin epitaxial NaCl(100) films and on Ge(100)
Heavy Quarks and Heavy Quarkonia as Tests of Thermalization
We present here a brief summary of new results on heavy quarks and heavy
quarkonia from the PHENIX experiment as presented at the "Quark Gluon Plasma
Thermalization" Workshop in Vienna, Austria in August 2005, directly following
the International Quark Matter Conference in Hungary.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, Quark Gluon Plasma Thermalization Workshop
(Vienna August 2005) Proceeding
Proximity effect at superconducting Sn-Bi2Se3 interface
We have investigated the conductance spectra of Sn-Bi2Se3 interface junctions
down to 250 mK and in different magnetic fields. A number of conductance
anomalies were observed below the superconducting transition temperature of Sn,
including a small gap different from that of Sn, and a zero-bias conductance
peak growing up at lower temperatures. We discussed the possible origins of the
smaller gap and the zero-bias conductance peak. These phenomena support that a
proximity-effect-induced chiral superconducting phase is formed at the
interface between the superconducting Sn and the strong spin-orbit coupling
material Bi2Se3.Comment: 7 pages, 8 figure
- …