Effect of ethanol, propanol and butanol on karanja biodiesel with vegetable oil fuelled in a single cylinder diesel engine

There is a significant need for alternative fuels as a result of increased fuel usage and resource depletion. Esters made from vegetable oils, waste cooking oil and bio alcohols are majorly used in IC engines as a substitute. Coconut oil (Co) and sunflower oil (Su), which have sufficient productivity in India, biodiesel synthesized from karanja oil. In this study, fossil diesel (D) was mixed with karanja biodiesel (B), neat coconut oil and sunflower oil along with ethanol (Et), propanol (Pr) and n-butanol (Bu) alcohols was used. Quinary fuel blends of DB, DBCoSuEt, DBCoSuPr and DBCoSuBu were prepared. The physio-chemical properties of blends were tested and performance and emission tests were carried out on a single cylinder four stroke diesel engine. The results indicate that DBCoSuPr fuel combination increases brake thermal efficiency by 9.2% and DBCoSuEt fuel decreases HC and CO emissions by 37.2% and 53.93% respectively

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Not AvailableParasites of the genus Perkinsus predominantly infect bivalves, and two species among them, P. olseni and P. marinus, are notifiable to OIE. P. olseni infections are known to cause extensive damage to wild as well as farmed bivalves globally with enormous implications to its fishery. Consequent to the initiation of a surveillance programme for aquatic animal diseases in India, Perkinsus infections were observed in many species of bivalves. The present paper describes P. olseni infections in the short neck yellow clam, Paphia malabarica from the southwest coast of India. Diagnosis of the parasite was carried out using Ray's Fluid Thioglycollate Medium culture, histology, in-situ hybridisation and molecular taxonomy. Pathology of infection and development of zoospores is also described. This forms the first report of a P. olseni infection in P. malabarica. High prevalence and intensity of infection of Perkinsus in clams raises concerns, as clam reserves in this geographical area sustain fisheries and the livelihoods of local fishing communitiesNot Availabl

Performance Enhancement of PPMIM Drives by using 3 Three-Phase Four-Leg Inverters

In this paper, a multilevel inverter (MLI) scheme is proposed for 9-phase pole phase modulated induction motor (PPMIM) drives. The proposed inverter scheme is realized with the help of 3 three-phase four-leg inverters. In 3-phase 12-pole mode (3PH-12PO), the proposed MLI supplies a 3-level voltage for each phase winding of the PPMIM drive with an improved harmonic profile, which results in better torque ripple. In this mode, the PPMIM drive performance is analyzed with a level shifted as well as phase shifted carrier based space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM). In 3PH-12PO mode, for getting the same performance the PPMIM drive w.r.t torque ripple the conventional 3-level 9-phase MLI's requires 40 switches, while the proposed MLI requires only 24 switches, which means the switch count is reduced by 40%. On the other hand, the phase grouping will give the flexibility to use the 3-phase SVPWM that enhances the linear modulation of the 9-phase PPMIM drives by 15.4% in 9-phase 4-pole mode (9PH-4PO). The 4th leg present in each three-phase four-leg inverter is used effectively for suppressing the circulating currents in 9PH-4PO operation. The proposed MLI is efficient to operate the machine in both normal as well as fault condition with rated power/torque. The proposed MLI fed PPMIM drive performance with open circuit switch/source fault conditions is analyzed. The proposed MLI scheme is validated with the Ansys Maxwell FEM as well as laboratory testbed on a 5hp 9-phase PPMIM drive under normal as well as open circuit switch/source fault conditions IEEE

Session Corruption Attack and Improvements on Encryption Based MT-Authenticators

Abstract. Bellare, Canetti and Krawczyk proposed a security model (BCK-model) for authentication and key exchange protocols in 1998. The model not only reasonably captures the power of practical attackers but also provides a modular approach to the design of secure key exchange protocols. One important element in this approach is the MTauthenticator. An MT-authenticator transforms a message transmission protocol for an ideally authenticated network to an equivalent protocol for a real, unauthenticated network such that all attacks that can be launched in the unauthenticated network can also be launched in the authenticated network. In this paper, we show that the proof of the encryption-based MT-authenticator proposed in their paper is flawed, which leads to their encryption-based MT-authenticator insecure. An attack called session corruption attack can be launched successfully against the MT-authenticator in the unauthenticated network but not against the corresponding message transmission protocol in the authenticated network. We also show that another authenticator of this type is also vulnerable to the session corruption attack. To thwart this attack, we propose several improved techniques and two new encryption-based MTauthenticators. Keywords: MT-authenticator, BCK-model, CK-model, Verifiable Encryption