4,160 research outputs found
Dislocation avalanche correlations
Recently, mechanical tests on ice as well as dislocation dynamics simulations
have revealed that plastic flow displays a scale-free intermittent dynamics
characterized by dislocation avalanches with a power law distribution of
amplitudes. To further explore the complexity of dislocation dynamics during
plastic flow, we present a statistical analysis of dislocation avalanche
correlations and avalanche triggering. It is shown that the rate of avalanche
triggering immediately after any avalanche is larger than the background
activity due to uncorrelated events. This self-induced triggering increases in
intensity, and remains over the background rate for longer times, as the
amplitude of the mainshock increases. This analysis suggests that stress
redistributions and the associated collective dislocation rearrangements may be
responsible for aftershock triggering in the complex process of plastic
deformation.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, presented at ICSMA-13, August 2003, Budapes
Dynamical correlations near dislocation jamming
Dislocation assemblies exhibit a jamming or yielding transition at a critical
external shear stress value . Nevertheless the nature of this
transition has not been ascertained. Here we study the heterogeneous and
collective nature of dislocation dynamics within a crystal plasticity model
close to , by considering the first-passage properties of the
dislocation dynamics. As the transition is approached in the moving phase, the
first passage time distribution exhibits scaling, and a related peak {\it
dynamical} susceptibility diverges as , with . We relate this scaling
to an avalanche description of the dynamics. While the static structural
correlations are found to be independent of the external stress, we identify a
diverging dynamical correlation length in the direction perpendicular
to the dislocation glide motion.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure
Deblocking of interacting particle assemblies: from pinning to jamming
A wide variety of interacting particle assemblies driven by an external force
are characterized by a transition between a blocked and a moving phase. The
origin of this deblocking transition can be traced back to the presence of
either external quenched disorder, or of internal constraints. The first case
belongs to the realm of the depinning transition, which, for example, is
relevant for flux-lines in type II superconductors and other elastic systems
moving in a random medium. The second case is usually included within the
so-called jamming scenario observed, for instance, in many glassy materials as
well as in plastically deforming crystals. Here we review some aspects of the
rich phenomenology observed in interacting particle models. In particular, we
discuss front depinning, observed when particles are injected inside a random
medium from the boundary, elastic and plastic depinning in particle assemblies
driven by external forces, and the rheology of systems close to the jamming
transition. We emphasize similarities and differences in these phenomena.Comment: 20 pages, 8 figures, submitted for a special issue of the Brazilian
Journal of Physics entitled: Statistical Mechanics of Irreversible Stochastic
Models - I
Dislocation jamming and Andrade creep
We simulate the glide motion of an assembly of interacting dislocations under
the action of an external shear stress and show that the associated plastic
creep relaxation follows Andrade's law. Our results indicate that Andrade creep
in plastically deforming crystals involves the correlated motion of dislocation
structures near a dynamic transition separating a flowing from a jammed phase.
Simulations in presence of dislocation multiplication and noise confirm the
robustness of this finding and highlight the importance of metastable structure
formation for the relaxation process.Comment: 4 pages, 4 EPS figure
Debt Intolerance
This paper introduces the concept of "debt intolerance," which manifests itself in the extreme duress many emerging market economies experience at levels of indebtedness that would seem manageable by advanced country standards. The paper argues that "safe" external debt-to-GNP thresholds for debt-intolerant countries depend on the country's default and inflation history and may be as low as 15 percent in some cases. Debt intolerance is linked to the phenomenon of serial default that has plagued many countries over the past two centuries. Understanding and measuring debt intolerance is fundamental to assessing the problems of debt sustainability, debt restructuring, capital market integration, and the scope for international lending to ameliorate crises. The paper makes a first pass at quantifying debt intolerance, including delineating debtors' "clubs" and regions of vulnerability, based on a history of credit events for a large number of countries going back to the 1820s.macroeconomics, Debt Intolerance
Addicted to Dollars
Dollarization, in a broad sense, is increasingly a defining characteristic of many emerging market economies. How important is this trend quantitatively and how important is it for the conduct of monetary policy and the choice of exchange rate regimes? Though these questions have become a hot topic in both the theory and policy literature, most efforts are remarkably uninformed by evidence, in no small part because meaningful data has been lacking, except for a very narrow range of assets. This paper attempts to move the discussion forward and shed light on the critical questions by proposing a measure of dollarization that is broad both conceptually and in terms of country coverage. We use this measure to identify trends in the evolution of dollarization in the developing world in the last two decades, and to ascertain the consequences that dollarization has had on the effectiveness of monetary and exchange rate policy. We find that, contrary to the general presumption in the literature, a high degree of dollarization does not seem to be an obstacle to monetary control or to disinflation. A level of dollarization does, however, appear to increase exchange rate pass-through, reinforcing the claim that fear of floating' is a greater problem for highly dollarized economies. We also review the developing countries' record in combating their addiction to dollars. Concretely, we try to explain why some countries have been able to avoid certain forms of the addiction, and examine the evidence on successful de-dollarization.
Numerical study of broadband spectra caused by internal shocks in magnetized relativistic jets of blazars
The internal-shocks scenario in relativistic jets has been used to explain
the variability of blazars' outflow emission. Recent simulations have shown
that the magnetic field alters the dynamics of these shocks producing a whole
zoo of spectral energy density patterns. However, the role played by
magnetization in such high-energy emission is still not entirely understood.
With the aid of \emph{Fermi}'s second LAT AGN catalog, a comparison with
observations in the -ray band was performed, in order to identify the
effects of the magnetic field.Comment: Proceedings of the meeting The Innermost Regions of Relativistic Jets
and Their Magnetic Fields, June 10-14, 2013, Granada (Spain), 4 pages, 3
figure
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