Evaluation of urban infrastructure on the basis of architectural design and landscape ecology

Ideology for landscape Ecology design must be maintained during the design of urban infrastructure and landscape ecology infrastructure can improve the quality of urban environment. Cities and biological complexes are the outcome of human interaction process in various aspects of social, economic, technological, etc., today, with the increasing development of knowledge; the human manipulation in the environment is increasing. And so humans by destroying the natural resources should face several problems, and that’s why different specialties are arise in order to solve the problems. Landscape architecture, including expertise that despite the long history of its use in human life has not much experience in academia environments as an independent field of study. Achievements of this specialty Activities, since it is rooted in nature by enjoying its talent in various aspects such as social issues, ecological and environmental role and could have a strong position for the city dwellers. This article due to needs of ecology design is focused on the effects of infrastructure production in terms of performance, the structure and materials, etc. And creating reasonable rules for ecological planning and landscape architecture in order to establish the foundations for the future development of ecology design methods for infrastructure.Keywords: landscape architecture; ecology; urban infrastructure

Preventive maintenance of flexible pavement and mechanical properties of steel slag asphalt

Preventive maintenance is beneficial if pavement life is increased while maintaining its service ability, and it is an environmental problem. Steel slag material is inorganic, it can neither be incinerated nor decomposed, so it may be difficult to reclaim. This work aims to study the performance of asphalt concrete where some of the fractional fine aggregate is replaced with crushed steel slag material. Steel slag materials are brittle and rich in carbon and silicon, so the key technical indexes of steel slag‐asphalt concrete are strength. Materials used in the tests included AC 60–70 bitumen, limestone aggregate and crushed recycled steel slag. The Marshall test was used to examine the influence of optimal asphalt content, volume properties and strength of asphalt concrete when different percentages of crushed steel slag were added. The high‐temperature stability and creep stiffness performance of steel slag asphalt concrete was also tested, and the results are satisfactory. The investigation has demonstrated that the recycling and use of waste steel slag in asphalt concrete is feasible. Santrauka Profilaktinis remontas yra naudingas, jei kelio dangos patvarumas didinamas išlaikant teikiamas paslaugas, kartu tai svarbi aplinkos problema. Plieno šlakas yra neorganinės kilmės ir negali būti nei deginamas, nei skaidomas, todėl sunkiai utilizuojamas. Šiame darbe stengtasi įvertinti asfalto betono charakteristiką, kai dalis smulkios frakcijos yra pakeista susmulkintu plieno šlaku. Ši medžiaga trapi, joje daug anglies ir silikono, todėl vienas pagrindinių techninių plieno šlako rodiklių yra stiprumas. Tyrimams buvo naudotas AC 60–70 bitumas, klinčių užpildas ir susmulkintas perdirbtas plieno šlakas. Maršalo tyrimas taikytas siekiant įvertinti optimalų asfalto kiekį, asfalto betono tūrines savybes ir stiprumą esant skirtingai susmulkinto plieno šlako procentinei daliai. Tyrimo rezultatai parodė pakankamą plieno šlako asfalto betono stabilumą esant aukštai temperatūrai ir šlyties standumą. Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad plieno šlakas gali būti perdirbamas ir panaudojamas asfalto betone kaip sudėtinė dalis. Reikšminiai žodžiai: plieno šlakas, asfalto betonas, standumas šlyčiai, atliekos, profilaktinis remontas, perdirbimas. Профилактический ремонт дорожного покрытия и механические свойства асфальта со стальным шлаком Резюме Профилактический ремонт полезен, если долговечность дорожного покрытия увеличивается при сохранении оказываемых услуг, а также в отношении охраны окружающей среды. Стальной шлак не является органическим веществом, поэтому его нельзя сжечь либо как-то утилизировать. Нами была предпринята попытка оценить характеристику асфальтобетона, мелкая фракция которого частично заменена дробленым стальным шлаком. Этот материал хрупок, в нем много угля и силикона, поэтому одним из основных технических показателей стального шлака является прочность. Исследованиям подвергался битум АС 60–70, известковый заполнитель и дробленый переработанный стальной шлак. Для определения оптимального количества асфальта, свойств и прочности асфальтобетона при разном процентном составе дробленого стального шлака применялся метод Маршалла. Исследования подтвердили достаточную стабильность асфальтобетона со стальным шлаком при высокой температуре, сдвиговую жесткость, а также возможность переработки стального шлака и применения его в качестве составной части асфальтобетона. Ключевые слова: стальной шлак, асфальтобетон, сдвиговая жесткость, отходы, профилактический ремонт, переработка. First Published Online: 14 Oct 201

STRATEGIC AGRIBUSINESS OPERATION REALIGNMENT IN THE TEXAS PRISON SYSTEM

Mathematical programming-based systems analysis is used to examine the consequences of alternative operation configuration for the agricultural operations within the Texas Department of Criminal Justice. Continuation versus elimination of the total operation as well as individual operating departments are considered. Methodology includes a firm systems operation model combined with capital budgeting and an integer programming based investment model. Results indicate the resources realize a positive return as a whole, but some enterprises are not using resources profitably. The integer investment model is found to be superior for investigating whether to continue multiple interrelated enterprises.agribusiness, enterprise selection, mathematical programming, optimal enterprise organization, Agribusiness,

Locating stations of public transportation vehicles for improving transit accessibility

Since transportation is one of the most complicated and the basic problem of urban life in developing countries at the present time and in various dimensions, so it is necessary to view it more scientifically‐ practically. Reducing travelling time is one way to reduce its cost .In public transportation system, it is important to determine proper travelling costs. There are various methods to determine the distances between stations. One of these methods used in England is based on logical and calculative relations in mathematics. In this paper, in addition to studying this method some changes have been made in order to reduce and modify required variables for calculation of those relations. A numerical example is designed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method and thus developed to optimize the public transportation stop location problem. The sensitivity of the total travel time, access, speed and the effect of the parameters on the optimum stop location are analyzed and discussed. First Published Online: 27 Oct 201

Adult urinary bladder tumors with rabdomyosarcomatous differentiation: Clinical, pathological and immunohistochemical studies

Adult rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) in the urinary bladder is rare, and is the subject of case reports and small series. It consists of sheets of small round blue cells with high nuclear cytoplasmic ratio, brisk mitosis and apoptosis. In this study, we reported one case of pure rhabdomyosarcoma and two cases of urothelial carcinomas with extensive rhabdomyosarcomatous differentiation. In addition, their immunohistochemical profile was compared to that of small cell carcinoma of the bladder. Our study showed that sufficient sampling was critical for the diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma with extensive rhabdomyosarcomatous differentiation. As adult RMS in the bladder and urothelial carcinoma with rhabdomyosarcomatous differentiation shared morphological features with small cell carcinoma of the bladder, appropriate immunohistochemical stains were necessary in the differential diagnosis. We showed both rhabdomyosarcoma and rhabdomyosarcomatous areas of the urothelial carcinoma were positive for myogenin, negative for cytokeratin and chromogranin stains. In contrast, small cell carcinoma was positive for cytokeratin, and 7 out of 9 cases were also positive for chromogranin. Both rhabdomyosarcoma and small cell carcinoma could be positive for synaptophysin, a potential pitfall to avoid. In addition, all of the tumors with rhabdomyosarcomatous differentiation were negative for FKHR rearrangement