International Trade Performance of the South African Fish Industry

In an effort to gain a better understanding of the trade in fish products by South Africa a starting point is examining South Africa's current trade in fish products. Useful tools in this regard, the Gini-coefficient, used to examine the degree of concentration for fish exports, and the intra-industrial trade coefficient (IIT), and used to examine the balance of international fish trade by South Africa. The Gini-coefficient for fish exports shows that fish export by South Africa is highly concentrated. The trend in concentration appears to have remained constant, and therefore the South African fisheries industry may boast a competitive advantage. However, cognisance should be taken of the fact that such a high level of concentration may render the South African fisheries industry vulnerable to exogenous changes. The IIT analysis shows that, after 1985, the fisheries industry underwent substantial changes in that it has increased exportable surpluses, probably as a result of increased specialization and competitiveness. The analysis conducted does not pertinently explain the factors that sustain the levels of concentration, nor does it highlight specific factors that may underpin the competitiveness of the industry, and hence further analysis in this regard is necessary.International Relations/Trade,

Implementation of performance assessment in STEM-based science learning to improve students’ habits of mind

This study described the implementation of STEM-based science learning and performance assessment to the improvement of students’ thinking skill in Aceh, Indonesia. The purposive sampling technique was employed in this descriptive research. The respondents were 300 students at grade 11th academic year 2019/2020 which representing five public high schools in Aceh, Indonesia. The instruments used to measure the effectiveness of the implementation of STEM-based science learning were the rubric of habits of mind, observation sheets of performance assessments, and questionnaires. The finding presented the implementation of STEM-based science learning was able to habituate and develop students' habits of mind with an average score of 0.71 which included into high category. The average value of the overall STEM-based science learning implementation for the formation of habits of mind is 95.98% which categorized as good. It can be concluded that there is the success of researchers in implementing STEM-based science learning to form students' habits of mind

Quality Chemicals, Microbiology and Antiodants of Ongole Beef Culled Se’i Using Lime Orange Juice, Kaffir Lime and Lemon Juice

This study aims to determine the effect of the use of lime juice, kaffir lime juice and lemon on the chemical, microbiological and antioxidant qualities of se’i. The design used was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments and replications.The treatment consisted of TJ = without citrus juice, JN = used of 3% lime juice, JP used of 3% kaffir lime juice/juice, JL used of 3% lemon juice. The variables studied included water content, protein content, fat content, total bacteria and Antioxidant. The results of statistical analysis showed that treatment had no significant effect (P>0.05) on water content, protein, fat, and antioxidants but close significant (P<0,01) on bacterial count had a very seriesof with the same water, protein, fat and antioxidant content but can reduce the number of bacteria, and the best treatment is using lemons (P3)

Kualitas Dendeng Sapi Betina Peranakan Ongole Afkir yang Diberi Madu dan Beberapa Jenis Gula

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas dendeng yang diolah dari daging Sapi Ongole betina afkir yang diberi madu dan beberapa jenis gula. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) 4 x 4 dengan 4 perlakuan yang terdiri dari P0= gula pasir 15% + madu 0%, P1= gula pasir 7,5 % + madu 7,5%, P2= gula lontar padat 7,5% + madu 7,5%, serta P3= gula kelapa padat 7,5% + madu 7,5%. Variabel yang diukur adalah nilai organoleptik (warna, aroma, rasa, dan keempukan), total koloni bakteri dan pH. Hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan berpengaruh tidak nyata (P>0,05) terhadap nilai organoleptik (warna, aroma, rasa, dan keempukan) tapi pada nilai pH berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) serta pada total kaloni bakteri berpengaruh sangat nyata (P<0,01). Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pemberian madu, gula pasir, gula lontar padat, dan gula kelapa tidak merubah nilai organoleptik (warna, aroma, rasa, dan keempukan) namun menurunkan total koloni bakteri dan hanya gula lontar yang dapat menurunkan pH

KONSUMSI PAKAN, PERTUMBUHAN, KELULUSHIDUPAN DAN PRODUKTIVITAS ABALON (Haliotis asinina) YANG DIPELIHARA DENGAN PADAT PENEBARAN BERBEDA DALAM KURUNGAN TANCAP DIPERAIRAN PANTAR, KABUPATEN ALOR

This experiment aimed at finding an optimal stocking density to maximize growth and productivity of abaone Haliotis asinine reared in pen cage in coastal waters.The pen cage was constructed by sticking four 12 mm in diameter iron rods into sea floor to create an area of 0,5 m x 0,5 m.  The length of each rod emerged 0.5 m above the sea floor.  Nylon cloth of mesh size of 0.5 mm x 0.5 mm covered all four sides and top of the cage.  A number of nine cages were deployed in Lamma Beach in Alor Regency.  Each pen cage was stocked with one of three stocking densities i.e.,10 inds/cage (equal to 40 inds/m2), 20 inds/cage (80 inds/m2), and 40 inds/cage (160 inds/m2).  Each of the density was replicated in triple.  During the experiment the abalones were fed with macroalga Ulva sp. The effect of the densities on variables namely food intake, growth rates in shell length and body weight, survival rate, and cage productivity was monitored for 70 days between July and September 2016. ANOVA showed that density had significant effect (P<0.05) on the food intake, the growth rate in length and weight, and the cage productivity, but not on the survival.  As the density increased, the feed intake and the growth rate reduced.  Abalones at the density of 10 inds/cage consumed Ulva of 0.865 ±0.020 g/ind/d, then decreased to 0.490±0.033 g/ind/d at the density of 20 inds/cage, and the lowest occurred at the density of 40 inds/cage of 0.320±0.053 g/ind/d. In terms of the growth in length and weight, the highest growth rates was observed at the density of 10 inds/cage, i.e., 0.68±0.07 %mm/dand 0.65±0.05 %g/d, then followed in decreasing order by the density of 20 inds/cage of 0.52±0.01 %mm/d and 0.57±0.16 %g/d, and the density of 40 inds/cage of 0.33±0.03 %mm/d and 0.34±0.06 %g/d.Cage productivity  in creased as the number of abalones in the cage was larger.  The productivity rose from 1.593±0.386 kg/m2 at the density 10 inds/cage to 2.653±0.672 kg/m2 at the density 20 inds/cage to the highest of 3.134±0.562 kg/m2 at 40 inds/cage.The abalones were quite adapted to the pen cage condition and 90 to 91.67% survived at the end of the experiment.  It is recommended to apply the density of 20 inds/cage (80 inds/m2) in pen culture as at this density abalones attained both high growth rate and the cage productivity.   Key words: Haliotis asinina, pen cage, density, productivit

ETNOZOOLOGI UNTUK KONSUMSI SUKU DAYAK KANAYANT DI DESA LINTAH BETUNG KECAMATAN MENYUKE KABAUPATEN LANDAK

The untilization of animal for consumption by Dayak Kanayant tribe needs to be used as data to find out the types of animals used, the patterns of utilization and the parts of organs used. One of the utilization of animals by Dayak Kanayant tribe is for consumption. This study aimed to determine the types of animals, animal parts and ways of processing animals for consumption by Dayak Kanayant tribe in Lintah Betung Village. The method used in this study was a survey method, the selection of respondents using the snowball sampling method, and data collection using questionnaire. In this study, repondents were obtained as many as 20 people consisting of 18 men and 2 women. The results showed that the use of animals for consumption needs as many as 32 species of animals consisting of mammals, aves, amphibians, pisces, reptile, crustaceans, insecta, and molluscs. The main animal usedis the class of mammals for daily cunsumption needs. Dayak Kanayant people processed animal meat by frying, cooking, and grilling. The most people still used traditional equipment to cook meat and to hunt animals. Keyword : Comsumption, Dayak Kanayant, Etnozoolog

Changes in soil properties with long-term organic inputs due to distance from homestead and farm characteristics in southern Ethiopian farmlands

Open access via the Elsevier Agreement This original data was collected as part of the project ‘Alternative Carbon Investments in Ecosystems for Poverty Alleviation –below ground versus above ground opportunities for restoration of ecosystem services’ (ALTER), funded with support from the Ecosystem Services for Poverty Alleviation (ESPA) programme (grant no. NE/K010441/1). The analysis of the data and preparation of this paper was undertaken as part of the RALENTIR (Reducing land degradation and carbon loss from Ethiopia's soils to strengthen livelihoods and resilience) project, funded by GCRF (Global Challenges Research Fund) and University of Aberdeen (grant number ES/T003073/1).Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Hybrid renewable energy power system model based on electrification requirements of one Fathom bank Malaysia

Renewable energy resources are becoming inexorably in the field of generating electrical power due to the fast development of technology, given to its advantages over non-renewable energy resources. Though the source is available in enormous amount, energy produced from single renewable energy resources such as tidal current may fluctuate with the time and the hour of the day or month, depending on the tides. Thus, by having a hybrid power system consisting two or more renewable energy resources coming into play at the same time would be more reliable to support the targeted area. However, the availability of renewable energies depends on the climate change, therefore having a storage battery or backup power is often essential. In this case, the main purpose of this research is to develop an off-grid hybrid tidal current and solar power system along with backup power to support One Fathom Bank Lighthouse in Malaysia with the intention to reduce the dependency on diesel generators. Having the ability to evaluate economic and technical feasibility of power system, HOMER software is used to run simulation and analyze the best combination of components to form a hybrid power system for the lighthouse. The results are based on the best components and sizing in compliance with the load demand and diesel fuel consumption to provide a reliable and cost-effective system

Burden of podoconiosis in poor rural communities in Guliso woreda, western Ethiopia

Background. Podoconiosis is an environmental lymphoedema affecting people living and working barefoot on irritant red clay soil. Podoconiosis is relatively well described in southern Ethiopia, but remains neglected in other parts of the Ethiopian highlands. This study aimed to assess the burden of podoconiosis in rural communities in western Ethiopia. Methodology/Principal Findings. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Gulliso woreda (district), west Ethiopia. A household survey in the 26 rural kebeles (villages) of this district was conducted to identify podoconiosis patients and to measure disease prevalence. A more detailed study was done in six randomly selected kebeles to describe clinical features of the disease, patients’ experiences of foot hygiene, and shoe wearing practice. 1,935 cases of podoconiosis were registered, giving a prevalence of 2.8%. The prevalence was higher in those aged 15 – 64 years (5.2%) and in females than males (prevalence ratio 2.6:1). 90.3% of patients were in the 15 – 64 year age group. In the detailed study, 335 cases were interviewed and their feet assessed. The majority of patients were farmers, uneducated, and poor. Two-third of patients developed the disease before the age of thirty. Almost all patients (97.0%) had experienced adenolymphangitis (ALA - red, hot legs, swollen and painful groin) at least once during the previous year. Patients experienced an average of 5.5 ALA episodes annually, each of average 4.4 days, thus 24 working days were lost annually. The incidence of ALA in podoconiosis patients was higher than that reported for filariasis in other countries. Shoe wearing was limited mainly due to financial problems. Conclusions. We have documented high podoconiosis prevalence, frequent adenolymphangitis and high disease-related morbidity in west Ethiopia. Interventions must be developed to prevent, treat and control podoconiosis, one of the core neglected tropical diseases in Ethiopia

Podoconiosis in East and West Gojam Zones, Northern Ethiopia

Background: Podoconiosis is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) that is prevalent in red clay soil-covered highlands of tropical Africa, Central and South America, and northern India. It is estimated that up to one million cases exist in Ethiopia. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of podoconiosis in East and West Gojam Zones of Amhara Region in northern Ethiopia. Methodology/Principal Findings: A cross-sectional household survey was conducted in Debre Eliyas and Dembecha woredas (districts) in East and West Gojam Zones, respectively. The survey covered all 17,553 households in 20 kebeles (administrative subunits) randomly selected from the two woredas. A detailed structured interview was conducted on 1,704 cases of podoconiosis identified in the survey. Results: The prevalence of podoconiosis in the population aged 15 years and above was found to be 3.3% (95% CI, 3.2% to 3.6%). 87% of cases were in the economically active age group (15–64 years). On average, patients sought treatment five years after the start of the leg swelling. Most subjects had second (42.7%) or third (36.1%) clinical stage disease, 97.9% had mossy lesions, and 53% had open wounds. On average, patients had five episodes of acute adenolymphangitis (ALA) per year and spent a total of 90 days per year with ALA. The median age of first use of shoes and socks were 22 and 23 years, respectively. More men than women owned more than one pair of shoes (61.1% vs. 50.5%; x2 = 11.6 p = 0.001). At the time of interview, 23.6% of the respondents were barefoot, of whom about two-thirds were women. Conclusions: This study showed high prevalence of podoconiosis and associated morbidities such as ALA, mossy lesions and open wounds in northern Ethiopia. Predominance of cases at early clinical stage of podoconiosis indicates the potential for reversing the swelling and calls for disease prevention interventions