1005-81 Myocardial Protection by Na+/H+ Exchange Inhibition in Ischemic, Reperfused Porcine Hearts

The protective effect of the Na+/H+ exchange inhibitor HOE 694 was tested in porcine hearts subjected to 45min of regional ischemia and 24 h of reperfusion. The compound (3mg/kg) was intravenously injected in 6 pigs each either 10 min before ischemia (group A) or 10 min before reperfusion (group B). Six animals served as controls. Apart from the main end-points, infarct size and regional systolic shortening, the effect of HOE 694 on global hemodynamic parameters which included coronary blood flow and coronary venous oxygen saturation was evaluated. Although the Na+IH+ exchange inhibitor did not affect global hemodynamics, preischemic treatment with HOE 694 decreased infarct size from 65±18% (control group) to 12 ± 9% (p < 0.01) and improved systolic shortening from 8 ± 6% (control group) to 28 ± 9% P < 0.02). In addition, increase in heart rate and myocardial contracture during early reperfusion were significantly attenuated in group A. Treatment of group B did not exhibit protective effects.ConclusionNa+/H+ exchange inhibition is a very protective means in myocardial ischemia and reperfusion when administered before ischemia. In this model, it was ineffective when given before reperfusion

Chemodiversity of Exudate Flavonoids in Seven Tribes of Cichorioideae and Asteroideae (Asteraceae) §

Members of several genera of Asteraceae, belonging to the tribes Mutisieae, Cardueae, Lactuceae (all subfamily Cichorioideae), and of Astereae, Senecioneae, Helenieae and Heliantheae (all subfamily Asteroideae) have been analyzed for chemodiversity of their exudate flavonoid profiles. The majority of structures found were flavones and flavonols, sometimes with 6-and/or 8-substitution, and with a varying degree of oxidation and methylation. Flavanones were observed in exudates of some genera, and, in some cases, also flavonol-and flavone glycosides were detected. This was mostly the case when exudates were poor both in yield and chemical complexity. Structurally diverse profiles are found particularly within Astereae and Heliantheae. The tribes in the subfamily Cichorioideae exhibited less complex flavonoid profiles. Current results are compared to literature data, and botanical information is included on the studied taxa

The axial charge of the nucleon on the lattice and in chiral perturbation theory

We present recent Monte Carlo data for the axial charge of the nucleon obtained by the QCDSF-UKQCD collaboration for N_f=2 dynamical quarks. We compare them with formulae from chiral perturbation theory in finite and infinite volume and find a remarkably consistent picture.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, talk presented at Lattice2005 (weak matrix elements), needs PoS.cl

Chemical composition of Desulfovibrio desulfuricans lipid A

Lipopolysaccharides also called endotoxins are an integral component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. When released from the bacterial surface, they interact with a host immune system, triggering excessive inflammatory response. Lipid A is the biologically most active part of endotoxin, and its activity is modulated by the quantity, quality and arrangement of its fatty acids. Desulfovibrio desulfuricans is sulfate-reducing, Gram-negative bacterium that is supposed to be opportunistic pathogens of humans and animals. In the present study, chemical composition of lipid A from various strains of D. desulfuricans was analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. It was found that the fatty acid component of the lipid A contains dodecanoic, tetradecanoic, 3-hydroxytetradecanoic and hexadecanoic acids, and its carbohydrate core is composed of glucosamine. The analysis of 3-acyloxyacyl residue of the lipid A revealed the presence of amide-bound 3-(dodecanoyloxy)tetradecanoic and 3-(hexadecanoyloxy)tetradecanoic acids and ester-bound 3-(tetradecanoyloxy)tetradecanoic acid. It was concluded that both fatty acid and 3-acyloxyacyl residue profiles of the lipid A from the studied bacteria were similar to those of E. coli and S.enterica

Prevalence and Outcomes of Concomitant Aortic Stenosis and Cardiac Amyloidosis

Background: Older patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) are increasingly identified to have cardiac amyloidosis (CA). It is unknown whether dual AS-CA has worse outcomes or results in futility of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). / Objective: To identify clinical characteristics and outcomes of AS-CA compared to lone AS. / Methods: TAVR referrals at three international sites underwent blinded research-corelab 99mTc-DPD bone scintigraphy (Perugini Grade-0 negative, 1–3 increasingly positive) prior to intervention. Transthyretin-CA (ATTR) was diagnosed by DPD and absence of a clonal immunoglobulin, and light-chain-CA (AL) via tissue biopsy. National registries captured all-cause mortality. / Results: 407 patients (83.4±6.5 years, 49.8% male) were recruited. DPD was positive in n=48 (11.8%, Grade-1 3.9%[n=16] Grade-2/3 7.9%[n=32]); AL was diagnosed in one Grade-1. Grade-2/3 patients had worse functional capacity, biomarkers (NT-proBNP/hsTnT), and bi-ventricular remodeling. A clinical score (RAISE) using left-ventricular Remodeling (hypertrophy/diastolic dysfunction), Age, Injury (hsTnT), Systemic involvement, and Electrical abnormalities (RBBB/low-voltages) was developed to predict AS-CA presence (AUC 0.86, 95%CI 0.78-0.94, p<0.001). Heart Team decision (DPD-blinded) resulted in TAVR (333[81.6%]), surgical-AVR (10[2.5%]), or medical management (65[15.9%]). After median 1.7 years, 23% of patients had died. 1-year mortality was worse in all-comers AS-CA (Grade-1-3) than lone AS (24.5 vs 13.9%, p=0.05). TAVR improved survival versus medical management with AS-CA survival post-TAVR no different to lone AS (p=0.36). / Conclusion: Dual pathology of AS-CA is common in older AS patients and can be predicted clinically. AS-CA has worse clinical presentation and a trend towards worse prognosis, unless treated. TAVR should therefore not be withheld in AS-CA

Prevalence and Outcomes of Concomitant Aortic Stenosis and Cardiac Amyloidosis

BACKGROUND: Older patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) are increasingly identified as having cardiac amyloidosis (CA). It is unknown whether concomitant AS-CA has worse outcomes or results in futility of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). OBJECTIVES: This study identified clinical characteristics and outcomes of AS-CA compared with lone AS. METHODS: Patients who were referred for TAVR at 3 international sites underwent blinded research core laboratory 99mtechnetium-3,3-diphosphono-1,2-propanodicarboxylic acid (DPD) bone scintigraphy (Perugini grade 0: negative; grades 1 to 3: increasingly positive) before intervention. Transthyretin-CA (ATTR) was diagnosed by DPD and absence of a clonal immunoglobulin, and light-chain CA (AL) was diagnosed via tissue biopsy. National registries captured all-cause mortality. RESULTS: A total of 407 patients (age 83.4 6.5 years; 49.8% men) were recruited. DPD was positive in 48 patients (11.8%; grade 1: 3.9% [n ¼ 16]; grade 2/3: 7.9% [n ¼ 32]). AL was diagnosed in 1 patient with grade 1. Patients with grade 2/3 had worse functional capacity, biomarkers (N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide and/or high-sensitivity troponin T), and biventricular remodeling. A clinical score (RAISE) that used left ventricular remodeling (hypertrophy/diastolic dysfunction), age, injury (high-sensitivity troponin T), systemic involvement, and electrical abnormalities (right bundle branch block/low voltages) was developed to predict the presence of AS-CA (area under the curve: 0.86; 95% confidence interval: 0.78 to 0.94; p < 0.001). Decisions by the heart team (DPD-blinded) resulted in TAVR (333 [81.6%]), surgical AVR (10 [2.5%]), or medical management (65 [15.9%]). After a median of 1.7 years, 23% of patients died. One-year mortality was worse in all patients with AS-CA (grade: 1 to 3) than those with lone AS (24.5% vs. 13.9%; p ¼ 0.05). TAVR improved survival versus medical management; AS-CA survival post-TAVR did not differ from lone AS (p ¼ 0.36). CONCLUSIONS: Concomitant pathology of AS-CA is common in older patients with AS and can be predicted clinically. AS-CA has worse clinical presentation and a trend toward worse prognosis, unless treated. Therefore, TAVR should not be withheld in AS-CA. (J Am Coll Cardiol 2021;77:128–39) © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier on behalf of the American College of Cardiology Foundation. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)