Transforming Traditions of Material Culture : Spatial and temporal patterns in pottery style, production and use during the second half of the 6th millennium cal BC in south-eastern Transdanubia and beyond

International audienceOne of the most salient traits of a major milestone in European history, the shift to a Neolithic life-style in Central Europe and the associated social changes, was the emergence of pottery production. The main goal of the research project described here is the study of Neolithic pottery production from a complex perspec- tive and the addressing of the associated distinctive social activity types and potential range of meanings during the period from the late Starčevo to the appearance of the Lengyel culture (5500–4900 cal BC). The springboard for our project was the series of intensely investigated sites in southern Transdanubia, a region that acted as a contact zone between the Neolithic communities of Central Europe and the northern Balkans, and thus played a key role in the neolithisation of Central Europe. The research findings from this region are complemented and compared with the data from various sites along the Danube. Aside from our academic colleagues, our research results can be of interest to the broader public too, and our reconstruc- tions of various artefacts and the documentation of our archaeological experiments can be later used as illustrations to museum exhibits. The expected results can be fitted into the broad picture outlined by other research conducted on these sites and offer an exceptionally detailed picture of how the region’s settlements developed during the second half of the 6th millennium BC

Változó tradíciók. A kerámiastílus, -előállítás és -használat tér- és időbeli mintázatai a Kr. e. 6. évezred második felében a Délkelet-Dunántúlon és a környező régiókban

International audienc

A korai lengyel-időszak települése Budapest III. ker. Csúcshegy-Harsánylejtőn (Előzetes jelentés a 2006–2007. és 2012. évi feltárások alapján) = Early Lengyel Period Settlement at Csúcshegy-Harsánylejtő – Budapest, IIIrd District (Preliminary report on the basis of the 2006–2007 and 2012 excavations)

A tanulmány a Budapest III. ker. Csúcshegy-Harsánylejtő területén feltárt, a késő neolitikum kezdetére, a formatív/korai Lengyel-időszakra keltezhető települést mutatja be. A kerámialeletek között Sopot-, Lužianky- és tiszai jellegzetességek ismerhetők fel, amelyek jól tükrözik a főváros térségének közvetítő szerepét. Különös jelentőségűek a lelőhelyen feltárt oszlopos szerkezetű házak, amelyek a masszív födémmel és szaruállásos tetőszerkezettel rendelkező épületek korai megnyilvánulásai lehetnek

Nekrológ = Obituary

1. Dr. Kalicz Nándor (1928. március 6.–2017. április 15.) 2. Búcsúzunk Dr. Kalicz Nándortól, Magyarország egyik legsikeresebb őskori régészétől (Elhangzott a Farkasréti temetőben 2017. május 15-én) 3. Mesterházy-Ács Zsófia (1983–2017

Amyloid β induces interneuron-specific changes in the hippocampus of APPNL-F mice.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline and amyloid-beta (Aβ) depositions generated by the proteolysis of amyloid precursor protein (APP) in the brain. In APPNL-F mice, APP gene was humanized and contains two familial AD mutations, and APP-unlike other mouse models of AD-is driven by the endogenous mouse APP promoter. Similar to people without apparent cognitive dysfunction but with heavy Aβ plaque load, we found no significant decline in the working memory of adult APPNL-F mice, but these mice showed decline in the expression of normal anxiety. Using immunohistochemistry and 3D block-face scanning electron microscopy, we found no changes in GABAA receptor positivity and size of somatic and dendritic synapses of hippocampal interneurons. We did not find alterations in the level of expression of perineuronal nets around parvalbumin (PV) interneurons or in the density of PV- or somatostatin-positive hippocampal interneurons. However, in contrast to other investigated cell types, PV interneuron axons were occasionally mildly dystrophic around Aβ plaques, and the synapses of PV-positive axon initial segment (AIS)-targeting interneurons were significantly enlarged. Our results suggest that PV interneurons are highly resistant to amyloidosis in APPNL-F mice and amyloid-induced increase in hippocampal pyramidal cell excitability may be compensated by PV-positive AIS-targeting cells. Mechanisms that make PV neurons more resilient could therefore be exploited in the treatment of AD for mitigating Aβ-related inflammatory effects on neurons

Activation of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase by Myocardial Ischemia and Coronary Reperfusion in Human Circulating Leukocytes

Reactive free radical and oxidant production leads to DNA damage during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion. Consequent overactivation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) promotes cellular energy deficit and necrosis. We hypothesized that PARP is activated in circulating leukocytes in patients with myocardial infarction and reperfusion during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). In 15 patients with ST segment elevation acute myocardial infarction, before and after primary PCI and 24 and 96 h later, we determined serum hydrogen peroxide concentrations, plasma levels of the oxidative DNA adduct 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8OHdG), tyrosine nitration, PARP activation, and translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) in circulating leukocytes. Plasma 8OHdG levels and leukocyte tyrosine nitration were rapidly increased by PCI. Similarly, poly(ADP-ribose) content of the leukocytes increased in cells isolated just after PCI, indicating immediate PARP activation triggered by reperfusion of the myocardium. In contrast, serum hydrogen peroxide concentrations and the translocation of AIF gradually increased over time and were most pronounced at 96 h. Reperfusion-related oxidative/nitrosative stress triggers DNA damage, which leads to PARP activation in circulating leukocytes. Translocation of AIF and lipid peroxidation occurs at a later stage. These results represent the first direct demonstration of PARP activation in human myocardial infarction. Future work is required to test whether pharmacological inhibition of PARP may offer myocardial protection during primary PCI