Evolution of the dipole geomagnetic field. Observations and models

© 2016, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.The works on paleomagnetic observations of the dipole geomagnetic field, its variations, and reversals in the last 3.5 billion years have been reviewed. It was noted that characteristic field variations are related to the evolution of the convection processes in the liquid core due to the effect of magnetic convection and solid core growth. Works on the geochemistry and energy budget of the Earth’s core, the effect of the solid core on convection and the generation of the magnetic field, dynamo models are also considered. We consider how core growth affects the magnetic dipole generation and variations, as well as the possibility of magnetic field generation up to the appearance of the solid core. We also pay attention to the fact that not only the magnetic field but also its configuration and time variations, which are caused by the convection evolution in the core on geological timescales, are important factors for the biosphere

Liver Disease and Hemostasis (Review) Part 2. Cholestatic Liver Disease and Hemostasis

The presence or development of liver disorders can significantly complicate the course of critical illness and terminal conditions. Systemic hemostatic disorders are common in Intensive Care Units patients with cholestatic liver diseases, so the study of the mechanisms of their development can contribute to the understanding of the development of multiorgan failure in critical illness.The review discusses current data on changes in hemostatic parameters in patients with cholestatic liver diseases, proposes a mechanism for the development of such disorders, which involve interactions of phospholipids with platelet and endotheliocyte membranes. It is suggested that a trend for thrombosis in patients with cholestatic liver disease is due to increased accumulation of bile acids in the systemic circulation. Available data demonstrate that the antiphospholipid syndrome may predispose to the formation of blood clots due to alterations of phospholipid composition of membranes of platelets and vascular endothelial cells by circulating antiphospholipid antibodies. Clarifying the mechanisms contributing to changes of the blood coagulation system parameters in liver disorders will aid to development of optimal correction of hemostatic disorders in patients with chronic liver diseases

The influence of national culture on business students\u27 career attitudes - An analysis of eight countries | Der einfluss nationaler kulturen auf die karriere-einstellungen von wirtschaftsstudenten - Eine analyse aus acht landern

Despite the fact that career attitudes and their influence on career outcomes is widely researched in the field of occupations and careers, little is known about the influence of cultural norms and values on career attitudes. We propose that national cultural dimensions influence students\u27 career planning, career adaptability, career optimism, and career-related knowledge. We test these relations using an eight country sample with more than 1,800 students. The results show that national culture has significant effect on all four career attitudes and in particular on career planning and career optimism. We discuss theoretical and practical implications and provide future research directions

Decoration of nanovesicles with pH (low) insertion peptide (pHLIP) for targeted delivery

Acidity at surface of cancer cells is a hallmark of tumor microenvironments, which does not depend on tumor perfusion, thus it may serve as a general biomarker for targeting tumor cells. We used the pH (low) insertion peptide (pHLIP) for decoration of liposomes and niosomes. pHLIP senses pH at the surface of cancer cells and inserts into the membrane of targeted cells, and brings nanomaterial to close proximity of cellular membrane. DMPC liposomes and Tween 20 or Span 20 niosomes with and without pHLIP in their coating were fully characterized in order to obtain fundamental understanding on nanocarrier features and facilitate the rational design of acidity sensitive nanovectors. The samples stability over time and in presence of serum was demonstrated. The size, ζ-potential, and morphology of nanovectors, as well as their ability to entrap a hydrophilic probe and modulate its release were investigated. pHLIP decorated vesicles could be useful to obtain a prolonged (modified) release of biological active substances for targeting tumors and other acidic diseased tissues

Teichm\"uller's problem in space

Quasiconformal homeomorphisms of the whole space Rn, onto itself normalized at one or two points are studied. In particular, the stability theory, the case when the maximal dilatation tends to 1, is in the focus. Our main result provides a spatial analogue of a classical result due to Teichm\"uller. Unlike Teichm\"uller's result, our bounds are explicit. Explicit bounds are based on two sharp well-known distortion results: the quasiconformal Schwarz lemma and the bound for linear dilatation. Moreover, Bernoulli type inequalities and asymptotically sharp bounds for special functions involving complete elliptic integrals are applied to simplify the computations. Finally, we discuss the behavior of the quasihyperbolic metric under quasiconformal maps and prove a sharp result for quasiconformal maps of R^n \ {0} onto itself.Comment: 25 pages, 2 figure

Система гемостаза в норме и при трансплантации печени (обзор)

The review dwells on the problem of hemostatic disorders in patients undergoing liver transplantation and their correction in the perioperative period. The physiology of the hemostatic system, disorders of the blood coagulation system in patients at various stages of liver transplantation, correction of hemostatic disorders during and after orthotopic liver transplantation are discussed. Liver transplantation is performed in patients with liver diseases in the terminal stage of liver failure. At the same time, changes in the hemostatic system of these patients pose a significant risk of developing bleeding and/or thrombosis during and after liver transplantation. The hypothesis is suggested that the personalized correction of hemostasis disorder in liver transplantation should be based on considerating the nosological forms of the liver damage, mechanisms of development of recipient’s hemostatic disorders, and the stage of the surgery.Обзор посвящен проблеме нарушений в системе гемостаза и их коррекции в периоперационном периоде у пациентов, подвергающихся трансплантации печени. Обсуждаются: физиология системы гемостаза; нарушения функции свертывающей системы крови у пациентов на различных стадиях операции трансплантации печени; коррекция нарушений гемостаза во время и после ортотопической трансплантации печени. Трансплантация печени выполняется пациентам с заболеваниями печени в терминальной стадии печеночно-клеточной недостаточности. При этом изменения в системе гемостаза этих больных представляют значительный риск развития, как кровотечений, так и тромбозов во время и после трансплантации печени. Коррекция нарушений гемостаза при трансплантации печени должна проходить с учетом нозологической формы повреждения печени, механизмов развития нарушений гемостаза реципиента и этапа операции

The place of intravenous immunoglobulin in rheumatic diseases

Therapy with intravenous human immunoglobulin (IVIG) was and continues to remain essential for a number of diseases. At the same time the evidence base for IVIG use is extremely small in rheumatology. Clinical experience shows that IVIG is effective in treating thrombocytopenic purpura, Guillain–Barre syndrome, and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, which develop in the presence of rheumatic diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, inflammatory myopathies, and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitides. The review considers indications for the use of IVIG, its dosage regimen, benefits, and adverse reactions and analyzes the Russian and foreign literature on this issue

On Lagrangian formulations for arbitrary bosonic HS fields on Minkowski backgrounds

We review the details of unconstrained Lagrangian formulations for Bose particles propagated on an arbitrary dimensional flat space-time and described by the unitary irreducible integer higher-spin representations of the Poincare group subject to Young tableaux $Y(s_1,...,s_k)$ with $k$ rows. The procedure is based on the construction of Verma modules and finding auxiliary oscillator realizations for the symplectic $sp(2k)$ algebra which encodes the second-class operator constraints subsystem in the HS symmetry algebra. Application of an universal BRST approach reproduces gauge-invariant Lagrangians with reducible gauge symmetries describing the free dynamics of both massless and massive bosonic fields of any spin with appropriate number of auxiliary fields.Comment: 8 pages, no figures, extended Contribution to the Proceedings of the International Workshop "Supersymmetry and Quantum Symmetries" (SQS'2011, July 18- July 23, 2011, Dubna, Russia), v.2: 9 pages, 2 references with comments in Introduction adde