224 research outputs found
3-(6-Methyl-2-pyridyl)-2-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-1,3,2-benzoxazaphosphinine 2-oxide
In the title compound, C19H17N2O2P, the six-membered 1,3,2-oxazaphosphinine ring adopts a boat conformation with the phosphoryl O atom in an equatorial position. The dihedral angle between the 6-methyl-2-pyridyl and phenyl groups is 75.5 (1)°. These substituents are trans to each other, and are oriented at angles of 57.2 (1) and 74.8 (1)°, respectively, to the benzene ring. The crystal structure is stabilized by intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The phosphoryl O atom participates in intermolecular C—H⋯O interactions with the neighbouring molecules, forming centrosymmetric R
2
2(14) dimers
6-Bromo-2-(4-nitrophenoxy)-3-(1-phenylethyl)-3,4-dihydro-1,3,2-benzoxazaphosphinine 2-oxide
In the title compound, C21H18BrN2O5P, the six-membered oxazaphosphinine ring is in a twist-boat conformation. One of the phosphoryl O atoms is in an equatorial configuation while the other is axial with respect to the oxazaphosphinine ring. The mean planes of the benzene ring to which the nitro group is attached and the phenyl ring form a dihedral angle of 83.5 (1)°. In the crystal structure, weak intermolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the molecules into chains along [100]
Structural, Morphological and 1/f noise Properties of ITO/TiO2 thin Films by e-beam Evaporation System for Optoelectronic Device Applications
In the present research study, ITO/TiO2 thin films were prepared on a glass substrate by using an electron beam (e-beam) evaporation system at different annealing temperatures (300, 350, 400 and 450 °C). The amorphous and crystalline natures of ITO/TiO2 structure were analyzed by X-ray diffraction study. As the grain size becomes larger, indirectly it will develop the crystalline quality of the TiO2 films studied from AFM. The surface of TiO2 films and the crystalline size of the sample were increased gradually with respect to a temperature that is observed in SEM. The elemental composition determined by the energy dispersive analysis of EDAX showed that TiO2 thin films were highly stoichiometric. Further, the higher optical transmittance (93%) was obtained with 450 °C annealed ITO/TiO2 film. The optical band gap increased along with annealing temperatures (300, 350, 400 and 450 °C). All the above results of this present work can be utilized for solar cell and optoelectronic device applications. © 2020 Author(s)
2-(2,6-Dimethoxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one
In the title compound, C18H16O6, the dimethoxyphenyl ring is rotated by 61.8 (1)° from the plane of the benzopyran system. The molecule is stabilized by an intramolecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bond
3-(4-Methoxybenzyl)-2-methyl-1-phenylsulfonyl-1H-indole
There are two crystallographically independent molecules in the asymmetric unit of the title compound, C23H21NO3S. The indole ring system is approximately perpendicular to the sulfonyl phenyl ring in both molecules [dihedral angles = 85.42 (8) and 88.30 (9)°]. C—H⋯O interactions between molecules stabilize the crystal structure
Diethyl [(4-bromophenyl)(5-chloro-2-hydroxyanilino)methyl]phosphonate
In the title compound, C17H20BrClNO4P, intermolecular C—H⋯O and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds form centrosymmetric R
2
2(10) dimers linked through O—H⋯O intermolecular hydrogen bonds, which form centrosymmetric R
2
2(16) dimers. All these hydrogen bonds form chains along [010]. In addition, the crystal structure is stabilized by weak C—H⋯Br hydrogen bonds. The very weak intramolecular N—H⋯O interaction forms a five-membered ring
Structural, morphological and 1/f noise properties of ITO/TiO2thin films by e-beam evaporation system for optoelectronic device applications
In the present research study, ITO/TiO2 thin films were prepared on a glass substrate by using an electron beam (e-beam) evaporation system at different annealing temperatures (300, 350, 400 and 450 °C). The amorphous and crystalline natures of ITO/TiO2 structure were analyzed by X-ray diffraction study. As the grain size becomes larger, indirectly it will develop the crystalline quality of the TiO2 films studied from AFM. The surface of TiO2 films and the crystalline size of the sample were increased gradually with respect to a temperature that is observed in SEM. The elemental composition determined by the energy dispersive analysis of EDAX showed that TiO2 thin films were highly stoichiometric. Further, the higher optical transmittance (93%) was obtained with 450 °C annealed ITO/TiO2 film. The optical band gap increased along with annealing temperatures (300, 350, 400 and 450 °C). All the above results of this present work can be utilized for solar cell and optoelectronic device applications. © 2020 Author(s)
3-(6-Methyl-2-pyridyl)-2-phenoxy-3,4-dihydro-1,3,2-benzoxazaphosphirine 2-oxide
In the title compound, C19H17N2O3P, the six-membered 1,3,2-oxazaphosphorine ring adopts a twist-boat conformation with the phosphoryl O atom in an equatorial position. The P=O(oxide) bond length is 1.457 (1) Å and the average value of the P—O distances is 1.588 Å. The crystal structure is stabilized by C—H⋯O and C—H⋯π interactions
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Awareness regarding eye donation among stakeholders in Srikakulam district in South India
Background
There is a huge need for the availability of transplantable donor corneas worldwide to reduce the burden of corneal blindness due to corneal opacity. Voluntary eye donation depends on the awareness levels of various stakeholders in the community. This study aimed to assess the awareness level regarding eye donation among various stakeholders in Srikakulam district in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India.
Methods
355 subjects were selected from the district using multi stage random sampling. A pre tested semi structured questionnaire was used to collect information regarding each individual’s awareness, knowledge, and perception regarding eye donation. Each response was scored individually and a total score was calculated. Univariate and multivariate regression analysis was used to determine the factors associated with willingness towards eye donation and increased awareness levels.
Results
Of the 355 subjects interviewed, 192 (54%) were male and 163 (46%) were female. The mean age of the stakeholders was 35.9 years (SD ±16.1) and all the study subjects were literate. Ninety-three percent of subjects were aware of the concept of eye donation. Knowledge levels were similar among the teaching community and persons engaged in social service, but lower among students (p < 0.05). Among the stakeholders, there was considerable ambiguity regarding whether persons currently wearing spectacles or suffering from a chronic illnesses could donate their eyes. Older age group (p < 0.001), female gender (p < 0.001) and education (p < 0.001) were associated with increased knowledge levels. 82% of the subjects were willing to donate their eyes and this was unaffected by gender or geographical location (rural vs urban).
Conclusions
Awareness levels and willingness to donate eyes are high among the stakeholders in Srikakulam district in India. The services of stakeholders could be utilized, in conjunction with other community based eye donation counselors, to promote awareness regarding eye donation among the general population
Cyclodextrin Complexes of Reduced Bromonoscapine in Guar Gum Microspheres Enhance Colonic Drug Delivery
Here, we report improved solubility and enhanced colonic delivery of reduced bromonoscapine (Red-Br-Nos), a cyclic ether brominated analogue of noscapine, upon encapsulation of its cyclodextrin (CD) complexes in bioresponsive guar gum microspheres (GGM). Phase−solubility analysis suggested that Red-Br-Nos complexed with β-CD and methyl-β-CD in a 1:1 stoichiometry, with a stability constant (Kc) of 2.29 × 103 M−1 and 4.27 × 103 M−1. Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy indicated entrance of an O−CH2 or OCH3−C6H4−OCH3 moiety of Red-Br-Nos in the β-CD or methyl-β- CD cavity. Furthermore, the cage complex of Red-Br-Nos with β-CD and methyl-β-CD was validated by several spectral techniques. Rotating frame Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy revealed that the Ha proton of the OCH3−C6H4−OCH3 moiety was closer to the H5 proton of β-CD and the H3 proton of the methyl-β-CD cavity. The solubility of Red-Br-Nos in phosphate buffer saline (PBS, pH ∼ 7.4) was improved by ∼10.7-fold and ∼21.2-fold when mixed with β-CD and methyl-β-CD, respectively. This increase in solubility led to a favorable decline in the IC50 by ∼2-fold and ∼3-fold for Red-Br-Nos−β-CD-GGM and Red-Br-Nos−methyl-β-CD-GGM formulations respectively, compared to free Red-Br-Nos−β-CD and Red-Br-Nos−methyl-β-CD in human colon HT-29 cells. GGM-bearing drug complex formulations were found to be highly cytotoxic to the HT-29 cell line and further effective with simultaneous continuous release of Red-Br-Nos from microspheres. This is the first study to showing the preparation of drug-complex loaded GGMS for colon delivery of Red-Br-Nos that warrants preclinical assessment for the effective management of colon cancer
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