Socio-Cultural Impact of Church Building in Russia (the Case of the Cathedral of Saint Martyr Catherine in Ekaterinburg)

In recent years, Russia has been going through a boom of church building. In 2009, the Russian Orthodox Church (ROC) had 29,263 parishes and by 2019 this figure had risen to 38,649. In the last decade, the growth in the number of Orthodox religious organizations and places of worship has by far exceeded that of other assets of social infrastructure. While the number of churches is growing, however, the number of schools, kindergartens and hospitals is steadily falling. Unlike other elements of social infrastructure, church building is funded not from the state budget but is financed by donors, sponsors and by the ROC itself, with some of the funds coming from payments for religious rites (baptism, weddings etc). This article analyzes the historical significance and socio-economic impact of church building by focusing on the case of the Cathedral of Saint Martyr Catherine in Ekaterinburg. The right choice of the construction site for the cathedral-the choice that would be agreeable to the metropolitan bishop, municipal government, businesses and sponsors, local community and opinion leaders-will ensure not only that the project will be duly completed but also underline the fact that local communities are able to establish consensus and recognize each other's interests in local decision-making. One of the possible locations considered for building St.Catherine's Cathedral in Ekaterinburg was a former industrial site in the centre of the city. Eventually, it was chosen as the most suitable place for this large-scale project. Redevelopment of an underused or abandoned industrial site, resulting in the improvement in the quality of urban environment, can be seen as an effective instrument of project realization, contributing to the building's social and economic significance. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd

Lower pole obstructive megaureter of duplex kidney: an exception to the Weigert-Meyer rule

Introduction. Anatomical features of the urinary tract in patients with duplicate kidneys are described using the Weigert-Meyer rule, since the orifice of the upper ureter has an ectopic location (inferomedial) and the orifice of the lower ureter has an orthotopic location (superolateral). However, there are rare cases of violation of this rule, complicated by obstructive megaureter, ectopic ureteral orifice, the presence of ureterocele.Objective. To report the rare clinical case of a lower pole obstructive megaureter as a violation of the Meyer-Weigert rule in the patient with complete ureteral duplication and to describe the use of ureteroureterostomy as an effective and safe method of surgical correction of the presented anomaly.Clinical case. We present a case of the infant (5 months old) with a lower pole obstructive megaureter. This pathology was identified through intravenous urography and voiding cystourethrography. Laparoscopic proximal end-to-side ureteroureteroanastomosis was chosen as a surgical treatment. Postoperative control intravenous urography showed the effectiveness (a reduction in the lower pole collecting system of the duplex kidney was revealed) and the safety of this method of correction.Conclusion.  There are only several clinical cases about exceptions to the Weigert-Meyer rule reported in literature, and most of them are about adult patients. The main surgical method of treatment in such cases is heminephrectomy. To our knowledge, this is the only reported case of using ureteroureterostomy in the patient with a lower pole obstructive megaureter. This technique has shown its effectiveness and safety for restoring the patency of the urinary tract, confirmed during the control postoperative examination

INFLUENCE OF SPD AND THERMAL PROCESSING ON MICROSTRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF BEARING STEEL 110Cr18Mo

The effect of severe plastic deformation (SPD) and subsequent thermal treatment on the microstructure and functional properties of 110Cr18Mo bearing steel was investigated. An increase in the number of cycles of the SPD before the standard heat treatment leads to a reduction in the coefficient of friction while maintaining the hardness at the same level as after heat treatment.В работе исследовано влияние интенсивной пластической деформации (ИПД) и последующей термической обработки на микроструктуру и функциональные свойства подшипниковой стали 110Х18М. Увеличение числа циклов ИПД перед стандартной термической обработкой приводит к снижению коэффициента трения при сохранении твердости на том же уровне, что и после термической обработки.Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке РФФИ№ 17-48-020253

EFFECT OF PRE-TEMPERING TEMPERATURE ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF HIGH-CARBON BEARING STEEL AFTER ECAP

В работе исследована возможность деформирования закаленного состояния высокоуглеродистой подшипниковой стали после отпуска при различных температурах. Деформацию осуществляли методом равноканального углового прессования. Показано, что в результате повышения температуры предварительного отпуска наблюдается снижение прочностных характеристик: предела прочности и предела текучести, твердости стали.The possibility of deformation of the quenched state of high-carbon bearing steel after tempering at different temperatures has been investigated. The deformation was carried out by equal-channel angular pressing. It is shown the increasing of the temperature of the preliminary tempering results in a decrease in the strength characteristics: the tensile strength and yield strength, and the hardness of the steel.Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке РФФИ № 17-48-020253

Organisational and methodological challenges of CAR-T manufacturing in the Russian Federation

Despite their widespread clinical implementation, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy products, including those manufactured by industrial processes, are still not legally available or used in the Russian Federation.The aim of the study was to describe the current challenges associated with specific aspects of CAR-T manufacturing in the Russian Federation and the potential ways to overcome them.This article discusses the regulatory, legal, organisational, and methodological challenges of CAR-T manufacturing. It analyses differences in the interpretation of CAR-T therapy products under national and supranational law. According to Russian Federal Law No. 180-FZ “On Biomedical Cell Products” of 23 June 2016, CAR-T therapy products are considered biomedical cell products. However, according to Decision No. 78 of the Council of the Eurasian Economic Commission “On the Rules of Marketing Authorisation and Assessment of Medicinal Products for Human Use” of 3 November 2016, CAR-T therapy products are considered advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs). This article provides a detailed overview of the difficulties in obtaining starting biological materials (i.e. the inability to consider the patient as a donor) and transferring the materials for CAR-T manufacturing (i.e. the inapplicability of national law). In addition, this article describes export aspects specific to biological materials. The authors reckon that CAR-T therapy products should be categorised as ATMPs and that the corresponding active pharmaceutical ingredients, genetically modified autologous lymphocytes, should be defined as starting materials. Therefore, genetically modified autologous lymphocytes should be regulated under the requirements for starting materials for the manufacturing of active pharmaceutical ingredients that are set forth in Decision No. 77 of the Council of the Eurasian Economic Commission “On the Adoption of the Rules of Good Manufacturing Practice of the Eurasian Economic Union” of 3 November 2016. In conclusion, the authors recognise the need for national and supranational law harmonisation. For this task, it is necessary to establish expert groups that will include clinicians, legal experts, and representatives from the relevant authorities and the pharmaceutical industry

ГЕМАТОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ КРИТЕРИИ ПРОГНОЗИРОВАНИЯ ТЕЧЕНИЯ ИКСОДОВОГО КЛЕЩЕВОГО БОРРЕЛИОЗА У ДЕТЕЙ

The study involved 224 patients with Lyme borreliosis children with erythema (103) and without erythema (121 children) forms. The analysis of the clinical symptoms and hematological parameters in the course of the disease was prosecute. A comprehensive statistical analysis of the results allowed to highlight blood count (content stab and segmented neutrophils, erythrocyte sedimentation rate) and the number of symptoms at admission prognostic criteria of severity, chronicity of the Lyme borreliosis. This allows to make a correction in the treatment of patients with Lyme borreliosis. Обследовано 224 больных ИКБ детей с эритемной (103) и безэритемной (121 ребенок) формами. Проведен анализ клинических симптомов и гематологических показателей в динамике заболевания. Комплексная статистическая обработка позволила выделить по результатам общего анализа крови (содержанию палочкоядерных и сегментоядерных нейтрофилов, СОЭ) и количеству симптомов болезни при поступлении в стационар прогностические критерии тяжести, длительности течения ИКБ. Это позволяет своевременно внести коррекцию в терапию больных ИКБ.

Взаимосвязь некоторых параметров мукозального иммунитета полости рта с уровнем витамина D у пациентов с множественным кариесом

Aim. To determine the saliva level of immunoregulatory proteins in patients with rampant caries and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) deficiency and evaluate the association of their concentration with 25(OH)D plasma level.Materials and methods. The study was performed in two groups. The experimental group included 15 patients aged 20–22 years with rampant caries and the 25(OH)D plasma level of < 20 ng / ml. The control group encompassed 15 healthy age-matched volunteers with the 25(OH)D plasma level of 20–100 ng / ml. The concentrations of B7.2 (CD86), free active TGF-β1, CTLA-4, PD-1, Tim-3, LAG-3, IGFBP-4, and ICAM-1 were assessed using flow cytometry. The levels of LL-37 and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) were measured using ELISA. The Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was used to reveal a correlation between the indicated proteins and the 25(OH)D plasma level.Results. A decrease in B7.2 (CD86), PD-1, Tim-3, sIgA, and LL-37 and elevation of IGFBP-4 and ICAM-1 saliva levels were detected in patients with rampant caries and 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency. A positive Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was revealed between plasma 25(OH)D and saliva levels of free active TGF-β1, CTLA4, B7.2 (CD86), LL-37, and sIgA. A negative correlation was revealed between 25(OH)Dand ICAM-1.Conclusion. 25(OH)D deficiency in patients with rampant caries is associated with decreased levels of B7.2 (CD86), PD-1, Tim-3, sIgA, and LL-37 and elevated levels of IGFBP-4 and ICAM-1 in the saliva. Цель – оценить содержание иммунорегуляторных молекул в слюне у лиц с множественным кариесом и дефицитом 25(OH)D3 и определить взаимосвязи их величин с концентрацией 25(OH)D3 в крови.Материалы и методы. Обследованы две группы лиц в возрасте 20–22 лет. В одну включены 15 человек с кариесом и уровнем 25(OH)D3 менее 20 нг/мл, в другую (контрольную) – 15 здоровых человек с содержанием 25(OH)D3 30–100 нг/мл. В ротовой жидкости определены концентрации растворимых форм молекул B7.2 (CD86), Free Active TGF-b1, CTLA-4, PD-1, Tim-3, LAG-3, IGFBP-4, ICAM-1 методом проточной цитофлуометрии, количество кателицидина LL-37, секреторного иммуноглобулина A (IgA) методом иммуноферментного анализа. Между определяемыми показателями рассчитан критерий корреляции Спирмена.Результаты. У лиц с кариесом и дефицитом витамина D выявлено снижение значений Free Active TGF-b1, B7.2 (CD86), PD-1, Tim-3, sIgA, кателицидина LL-37 и повышение уровня IGFBP-4 и ICAM-1 в слюне. Обнаружено наличие прямых корреляционных связей между количеством 25(OH)D3 в крови, с одной стороны, и значениями Free Active TGF-b1, CTLA-4, В7.2 (CD86), секреторного IgA, пептида LL-37 – с другой. Зафиксирована отрицательная взаимосвязь между величинами 25(OH)D3 и ICAM-1.Заключение. На фоне дефицита витамина D при множественном кариесе в ротовой жидкости регистрируются низкие концентрации Free Active TGF-b1, B7.2 (CD86), PD-1, Tim-3, секреторного IgA, кателицидина LL-37 по сравнению с контролем, но увеличены значения IGFBP-4 и ICAM-1.