Surface hardening of stainless steel by runaway electronspreionized diffuse discharge in air atmosphere

In this paper we present microhardness measurements of stainless steel surface treated by diffuse discharge in air atmosphere. The cleaning from carbon in comparison to the initial sample was observed at a depth exceeding 20 nm. The oxygen concentration was also increased in comparison to that in the initial sample at a depth of up to about 50 nm. Comparative analysis shows that after treatment the microhardness of stainless steel surface increased in 2 times due to interaction of near-surface layers with product of plasma chemical reactions produced in diffuse discharge

Study on the influence of the magnetron power supply on the properties of the silicon nitride films

Silicon nitride (Si3N4) films were deposited by magnetron sputtering of silicon target in (Ar+N2) atmosphere with refractive index 1.95 - 2.05. The results of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometry showed Si-N bonds in the thin films with concentration 2.41·1023 - 3.48·1023 cm-3. Dependences of deposition rate, optical characteristics and surface morphology on rate of N2 flow and properties of magnetron power supply

ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЕ CИCТЕМЫ НАДДУВА ДЛЯ ИCПЫТАНИЙ МАЛОРАЗМЕРНОГО ГАЗОТУРБИННОГО ДВИГАТЕЛЯ C ПУЛЬCИРУЮЩИМ ДЕТОНАЦИОННЫМ МОДУЛЕМ

One of the promising ways to boost the gas turbine engine is to install a pulse detonation module in the exhaust case. Research on the effectiveness of the developed module in the expenditure thermal vacuum chamber, providing a complete simulation of these terms and conditions, requires unique equipment, as well as the significant financial and oper- ating costs. Accordingly ,it is more efficient to conduct performance and effectiveness assessment of the pulse detonation module using the existing test rigs, modified to partially simulate flight conditions comprising: a platform with the studied gas turbine engine (GTE), a power plant on a movable platform, pressurization system pipeline from an auxiliary power unit (APU) to the test engine, fuel and electrical systems of the test rig. The article presents small-size GTE pressurization system design results. The pipeline design is based on the conditions of mutual arrangement of the studied GTE and APU test cell. The choice of design solutions for production and assembly of components of the pressurization system, and the results are presented algorithm and calculating geometrical parameters ejector providing the required pressure and air flow temperature at the inlet to the studied engine. As a result, the research reasonably determined the structural diagram of the boost system test rig, providing a partial simulation of flight conditions at the inlet to the small-sized turbine engine. There were defined the necessary geometry and gas-dynamic properties of the gas ejector, the use of which as part of test rig pres- surization system will start the series of studies, according to the pulse detonation performance of the module.Одним из перспективных способов форсирования газотурбинного двигателя является установка в его затурбинное пространство пульсирующего детонационного модуля. Проведение исследований по оценке эффективности разрабатываемого модуля в расходной термобарокамере, обеспечивающей полную имитацию данных условий, требует наличия уникального оборудования, а также значительных финансовых и производственных затрат. Представляется более рациональным в связи с этим проведение первоочередных исследований по оценке работоспособности и эффективности пульсирующего детонационного модуля осуществлять в условиях сущеcтвующих испытательных стендов, доработанных для частичной имитации полетных условий и включающих: платформу с исследуемым газотурбинным двигателем (ГТД), энергоустановку на подвижной платформе, трубопровод системы наддува, обеспечивающий подачу воздуха от вспомогательной силовой установки (ВСУ) к исследуемому двигателю, топливную и электрическую системы стенда. В статье представлены результаты работ по проектированию системы наддува для малоразмерного ГТД. Трубопровод спроектирован исходя из условий взаимного расположения, исследуемого ГТД и ВСУ в испытательном боксе. Обоснован выбор конструктивных решений для изготовления и монтажа составных частей системы наддува, представлены алгоритм и результаты расчета газодинамических и геометрических параметров эжектора, обеспечивающего необходимые давление и температуру воздушного потока на входе в исследуемый двигатель. В результате проведенных исследований обоснованно определена конструктивная схема системы наддува испытательного стенда, обеспечивающего частичную имитацию полетных условий на входе в малоразмерный ГТД. Определены необходимые геометрические и газодинамические параметры газового эжектора, применение которого в составе системы наддува испытательного стенда позволит начать комплекс исследований по оценке работоспособности пульсирующего детонационного модуля

APPLICATION OF AN ENERGY MODEL TO EXPLAIN TEXTURE OF CRYSTALLITIES IN THE THIN FILMS OF Al2O3

An attempt to explain the processes of appearing texture of Al2O3 crystallites obtained by reaction anodic evaporation was presented. The calculation is based on an energy model that takes into account the contribution of both the surface energy and the energy of elastic stresses of crystallites

Morphofunctional reorganization of plantar aponeurosis in experimental modeling of fasciopathy by synthetic analogue of prostaglandin E1

Foundation. Chronic plantar fasciopathic pain syndrome is a pathology that significantly affects the quality of life of patients of all age categories. Insufficient knowledge of the etiological and pathogenetic factors in the development of fasciopathies explains the multiplicity, and sometimes inconsistency, of conservative and surgical treatment regimens. The choice of the optimal variant of therapeutic or surgical intervention may be associated with experimental modeling of fasciopathies and the study of the dynamics of the pathological process.The aim. To study the morphological changes in structures identical to the human plantar aponeurosis in experimental modeling of fasciopathy in animals.Research methods. The material for the study was fragments of the tendonaponeurotic complex of the foot of laboratory animals (control group: animals with the introduction of physiological sodium chloride solution (n = 12); main group: animals with the introduction of alprostadil (n = 12)). The methods of light microscopy (staining with alcian and toluidine blue, according to Van Gieson, Weigert – Van Gieson and Picro-Mallory) and morphometry were used.Results and discussion. As a result of the study, it was found that the four-fold administration of alprostadil had a significant effect on the structure of the dense fibrous connective tissue of the plantar foot of laboratory animals. The mechanisms of damage (edema, microhemorrhages, infiltration by lymphocytes, plasmocytes and leukocytes, dystrophy by the type of mucoid and fibrinoid swelling, delamination and rupture of collagen fibers), adaptation and regeneration (the appearance of a large number of activated fibrocytes, fibroblasts, microvessels, neoplasm of collagen fibers) were activated. All this together led to spatial focal histotopographic changes, consisting in an increase in the cellular composition of connective tissue structures against the background of a noticeable violation of their spatial orientation.Conclusion. Modeling of fasciopathy using alprostadil was accompanied by the appearance of mosaic reversible and irreversible heteromorphic and heterochronous changes in all connective tissue aponeurotic structures. Such histotopographic changes should be considered as one of the reasons for the clinical manifestations of plantar fasciopathies, causing functional insufficiency and explaining the clinical recurrent nature of the pathological process

Study of effects of redispersable latex powders on hardening kinetics of cement-sand composites

Redispersable polymer powders act as boosters of the physical and mechanical properties in the cement-sand composite. For the studies the most typical redispersable polymer powders were used - Rhoximat PAV 22 and Rhoximat PAV 23 latex powders, by Rhodia. The analysis of the micrographs showed that the new formations of the cement rock had a pronounced needle-like form, and the cements with the additives were partially covered with the polymer film of the redispersable particles. The resulting polymer bridges and cords in the structure prevented growth of the cracks which were formed due to shrinkage and applied external force. Film-forming latex of redispersable powder can increase fracture energy of the cement-sand composite significantly. In view of this, of great significance is strength of the polymer itself. The higher strength polymer has, the greater force one should apply to fracture modified mixture. The basic components of Rhoximat PAV 22 and Rhoximat PAV 23 are vinyl acetate and vinyl versatate. Vinyl resins in the cement composites are known to develop a lattice which penetrates the structure formed by the cement gel, and, thus, act as an additional binder in the material

AN ANALYSIS OF REGIONAL ECONOMIC GROWTH AND CAPITAL EXPENDITURE ON SELF-GENERATED REVENUE IN SUPIORI REGENCY

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effect of the economic growth and the capital expenditures on self-generated revenue of Supiori Regency during 2008 to 2014 partially and simultaneously. This research was a causative research aims to test hypotheses and explain the phenomenon in relation of the research variables. Data collected was from secondary sources such as government publication documents comprise of economic growth information, the amount of capital expenditures, and the region self-generated revenue. The population in this study was Audited Budget Realization Report and economic growth of Supiori Regency and Papua Province from 2008 to 2014. While the sample consisted of economic growth information based on accepted prices, capital expenditures and self-generated revenue of Supiori Regency and Papua province from 2008 to 2014. All these data being analyzed used a classical assumption test and path analysis. According to the analysis, the results showed that the economic growth of Supiori Regency has a positive and significant effect on self-generated revenue of Supiori partially and simultaneously in 2008 to 2014. While the allocation for capital expenditures from 2008 to 2014 has positive effect but not significant on the regional self-generated revenue in Supiori partially and simultaneously. Also, the allocation of capital expenditure and the economic development from 2008 to 2014 have positive but not significant effect on the regional self-generated revenue in Supiori partially and simultaneously. As can be seen from the pattern of correlation from each variables, this study concluded that the capital expenditures was not the intervening variables to the progress of the region self-generated revenue in Supiori Regency. Keywords : Self-Generated Revenue, Economic Growth, Capital Expenditur

Evidence for a collinear easy-plane magnetic structure of multiferroic EuF e3(B O3)4: Spectroscopic and theoretical studies

© 2016 American Physical Society.We performed high-resolution polarized optical transmission spectroscopy and theoretical studies of multiferroic EuFe3(BO3)4 single crystals in the three phases: paramagnetic R32(T>Ts=84K) and P3121(Ts>T>TN=34K), and antiferromagnetic (T<TN) ones. The analysis of the spectra reveals interesting details of the magnetic structure, namely, a collinear arrangement of the iron magnetic moments along the C2 symmetry axis in the ab crystallographic plane of EuFe3(BO3)4 below TN. Spectral signatures of the phase transitions and the spin-phonon interaction are observed and discussed. Reliable crystal-field and exchange-interaction parameters are obtained and used to model the magnetic susceptibility of the compound. The results of detailed calculations of the electric polarization of EuFe3(BO3)4 in the R32 phase are presented, and mechanisms of the magnetoelectric response are discussed. We detect a strong effect of impurities (that enter the crystal from a flux in the course of the crystal growth) on the structural phase-transition temperature and demonstrate a coexistence of both R32 and P3121 phases down to the lowest temperatures in a EuFe3(BO3)4 crystal grown with the Bi2Mo3O12 based flux, due to inhomogeneous distribution of impurity Bi3+ ions. Our study can be considered as a demonstration of the abilities of optical spectroscopy in delivering new information on a magnetic compound, even in the case when other methods fail

Study of the process e+e−→ppˉe^+e^-\to p\bar{p} in the c.m. energy range from threshold to 2 GeV with the CMD-3 detector

Using a data sample of 6.8 pb$^{-1}$ collected with the CMD-3 detector at the VEPP-2000 $e^+e^-$ collider we select about 2700 events of the $e^+e^- \to p\bar{p}$ process and measure its cross section at 12 energy ponts with about 6\% systematic uncertainty. From the angular distribution of produced nucleons we obtain the ratio $|G_{E}/G_{M}| = 1.49 \pm 0.23 \pm 0.30$

Measurement of the e+e−→K+K−π+π−e^+e^- \to K^+K^-\pi^+\pi^- cross section with the CMD-3 detector at the VEPP-2000 collider

The process $e^+e^- \to K^+K^-\pi^+\pi^-$ has been studied in the center-of-mass energy range from 1500 to 2000\,MeV using a data sample of 23 pb$^{-1}$ collected with the CMD-3 detector at the VEPP-2000 $e^+e^-$ collider. Using about 24000 selected events, the $e^+e^- \to K^+K^-\pi^+\pi^-$ cross section has been measured with a systematic uncertainty decreasing from 11.7\% at 1500-1600\,MeV to 6.1\% above 1800\,MeV. A preliminary study of $K^+K^-\pi^+\pi^-$ production dynamics has been performed