Effect of processing conditions on the properties of nanostructured BiFeO3 obtained using different synthetic strategies

The synthesis parameters such as pH, concentration, precipitating agents, surfactant etc., determine the single phase formation of Bismuth ferrite [BiFeO3 (BFO)] nanoparticles via wet chemical route. By tuning the above processing conditions, different particle sizes and shape (morphology) can be synthesized which tailors the properties such as magnetic, optical etc.Single phase BFO nanoparticles were prepared through co-precipitation method using different precipitating agents such as ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) and tetra methyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAOH). The effect of precipitating agents on crystallite size, morphology, phase evolution and magnetic properties at constant pH were studied using XRD, FESEM, PPMS, and RAMAN. Single phase BFO was obtained in both cases by calcination at 650°C. Variation in the crystallite size using different precipitating agents (118 nm and 75 nm for NH4OH and TMAOH respectively) was observed. Similarly, size obtained from FESEM shows 196±115nm and 207±50nm for NH4OH and TMAOH respectively indicating that the actual particles are polycrystalline

Screening of rhizobacteria containing plant growth promoting (PGPR) traits in rhizosphere soils and their role in enhancing growth of pigeon pea

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are beneficial bacteria that colonize plant roots and enhance plant growth with a wide variety of mechanisms. The use of PGPR is steadily increasing in agriculture and offers an attractive way to replace chemical fertilizers, pesticides and supplements. Here, we have isolated, enumerated and characterized the PGPR from the rhizosphere soil of pigeon pea for the enhancement of growth of pigeon pea. Rhizosphere soils were collected from different areas of Samalkot, Pithapuram, Peddapuram and Kakinada. Sixty five (65) isolates were identified and characterized for their morphological, cultural, staining and biochemical characteristics, of which 35 was selected for the screening of PGPR isolates. Sixteen isolates were successfully characterized for the PGPR traits like indole acetic acid (IAA) production, phosphorus solubilization, and production of enzymes like urease, chitinase, amylase, cellulase, protease and β-1,3 glucanase and were assayed. The antagonistic nature of these strains towards fungi and bacteria were estimated by siderophore estimation, 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase characterization, dual plate culture method and HCN production technique, and the best one was selected. These were further investigated to show the PGPR traits in pigeon pea seedling emergence, increase of shoot length, root length, dry matter production of shoot, nodule number and nodule mass. Furthermore, PGPR isolates remarkably increased seed germination of pigeon pea. Among the sixteen isolates, seven were found to be highIAA producing. Six were found to be efficient phosphate solubilizers, five isolates were found to be good antagonistic towards pathogen soil fungi and eight isolates were found to be better in enzyme productions, and thus, may enhance the mineralization efficiency of soils. Three isolates were shown to be promising in IAA production, phosphate solubilization, antagonism towards fungi, and mineralizing capacity. Thus, this study suggests the use of these isolates as inoculant biofertilizers which might be beneficial for pigeon pea cultivation as they enhanced the growth and other growth parameters.Keywords: Indole acetic acid (IAA), plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), phosphorus solubilization, enzyme productions, seed germinatio

APPLICATION OF MULTIFACTORIAL EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN FOR OPTIMIZATION OF PRODIGIOSIN PRODUCTION USING SERRATIA MARCESCENS MBB01, MBB02 AND MBB05

Objective: The present study was aimed at investigating the prodigiosin production under optimized conditions with different parameters such astemperature, incubation time, substrate concentration, and inoculum size.Methods: Response surface methodology was found to be useful in optimizing and determining interactions among process variables in prodigiosinproduction by applying Box–Behnken and face-centered central composite design.Results: Prodigiosin producing Serratia marcescens (SM) MBB01, MBB02, and MBB05 were isolated from soil (Western Ghats Ecosystem). Thesignificant R value was 0.9666, 0.9459, and 0.9433, and the maximum experimental response for prodigiosin production was 497, 690, and560 mg/mL, whereas the predicted value was 495.3, 706.6, and 574.8 mg/mL for SM MBB01, SM MBB02, and SM MBB05, respectively.2Conclusion: Statistically optimized conditions by Box–Behnken design found to be very significant in improved pigment production by SM MBB01,MBB02, and MBB05. The correlation between the predicted and observed values indicates the adequacy of the model.Keywords: Prodigiosin, Serratia marcescens, RSM

Mining of Frequent OptimisticEstimations by Using Measured Techniques

Abstract In recent years the sizes of databases has increased rapidly. This has led toa growing interest in the development of tools capable in the automatic extractionof knowledge from data. The term Data Mining, or Knowledge Discovery inDatabases, has been adopted for a field of research dealing with the automaticdiscovery of implicit information or knowledge within databases.Several efficient algorithms have been proposed for finding frequentitemsets and the association rules are derived from the frequent itemsets, such as theApriori algorithm. These Apriori-like algorithms suffer from the coststo handle a huge number of candidate sets and scan the database repeatedly. A frequent pattern tree (FP-tree) structure for storing compressed and criticalinformation about frequent patterns is developed for finding the complete set of frequent itemsets. But this approachavoids the costly generation of a large number of candidate sets and repeated databasescans, which is regarded as the most efficient strategy for mining frequent itemsets.Finding of infrequent items gives the positive feed back to the Production Manager. In this paper, we are finding frequent and infrequent itemsets by taking opinions of different customers by using Dissimilarity Matrix between frequent and infrequent items and also by using Binary Variable technique. We also exclusively use AND Gate Logic function for finding opinions of frequent and infrequent items. After finding frequent and infrequent items the apply Classification Based on Associations (CBA) on them to have better classification

Oxygen delivery system in pre-hospital emergency care in india GVK EMRI 108: a review article

The goal of an effective emergency medical system should be to provide universal emergency care along with assured quality. Oxygen is often used drug in the pre hospital. Oxygen delivery can be monitored by pulse oximetry, typically with a goal of reversing hypoxemia. This paper describes the importance of oxygen in emergency care and its contribution to reducing avoidable death and disability. It also highlights the oxygen delivery systems and training processes /protocols in ambulance based pre-hospital care. In addition, it also shares the usage rates of oxygen and delivery methods in thermal and electrical burns in 108 GVK EMRI, India ambulances. A descriptive study methodology was adopted for explaining the training and pre-hospital care processes of oxygen delivery. Retrospective study method was adopted to measure the oxygen utilization rates in management of burns cases in 108 ambulances in the year 2015. EMTs consistently assessed vitals and provided oxygen to patients’. When EMTs found that patients’ had oxygen saturation less than 95%, they provided supplemental oxygen 95% of the times. EMTs though adhering to the routine use of oxygen in 9 out of 10 cases “where indicated, refresher training should focus on use of oxygen in special circumstances and the benefit to be closely monitored for favourable clinical outcomes”. There is a need to study such common and important essential pre-hospital interventions in all types of emergencies being served

Did human DRD2 haplotypes originate in India? A survey of haplotype frequencies and linkage disequilibrium in the tribes of Eastern Ghats, South India

In recent years, a possible role of the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) locus has been reported in various fields like the etiology of alcoholism, neuropsychiatric disorders, etc. Therefore, it has been the focus of considerable attention. DNA analysis has made it easier to study haplotypes, arrays of alleles at closely linked loci along the chromosome. These regions are short enough to show little or no recombination, and behave as blocks that might have ancient origins. Scoring these markers as haplotypes, allows analysis both in terms of haplotype frequencies and identity in terms of linkage disequilibrium. The human dopaminergic system is an important focus of study in the fields of neuropsychiatry and pharmacology; it is also a promising nuclear DNA marker in studies of human genome diversity. Haplotype frequencies and linkage disequilibrium for the dopamine D2 receptor gene (DRD2) were determined in 197 unrelated individuals from four tribal populations of the Eastern Ghats, an important region of India. The three marker systems in this study are highly polymorphic in all the four tribal populations and the haplotype system showed high levels of heterozygosity than the Nilgiri Hill tribes and those in other parts of the world, except Africa. Out of the possible eight haplotypes, seven are commonly shared by all the populations. The ancestral allele B2D2Al accounts for 0.028 to 0.166, which was present in all the groups consistently. The linkage disequilibrium was statistically significant in all the populations. The results show a chance of Indian origin or back migration of human DRD2 haplotypes. Data obtained in this study on DRD2 represent one of the small, but growing number of datasets examining disequilibrium and haplotype frequencies in human populations and also indicate that the gene flows from the Eastern Ghats to the Western Ghats. These populations might be one of the oldest among other Indian populations

Find Intruder Application for Smartphone

The Smartphones usage has increased a lot with the advancement in technology coupled withincrease in their computing power. Smart phones are used by many people to store personal datasuch as images, files, contacts, videos and official data like confidential documents. They are also used maintain accounts like Gmail, Facebook, Twitter etc. So the security of smart phones is very important in order to restrict unauthorized access. This application mainly helps to enhance the security of smartphones. It provides real time acknowledgement to the user by sending an SMS and email for the registered mobile number and email id, when someone tries to unlock the mobile.It also provides the image of the persontrying to access the mobile along with the location details

Genetic structure and affinities among tribal populations of southern India: a study of 24 autosomal DNA markers

We describe the genetic structure and affinities of five Dravidian-speaking tribal populations inhabiting the Nilgiri hills of Tamil Nadu, in south India, using 24 autosomal DNA markers. Our goals were: (i) to examine what evolutionary forces have most significantly impacted south Indian tribal genetic variation, and (ii) to test whether the phenotypic similarities of some south Indian tribal groups to Africans represent a signature of close relationship to Africans or are due to convergence. All loci were polymorphic and average heterozygosities were substantial (range: 0.347-0.423). Genetic differentiation was high (Gst= 6.7%) and genetic distances were not significantly correlated with geographic distances. Genetic drift therefore probably played a significant role in shaping the patterns of genetic variation observed in southern Indian tribal populations. Otherwise, analyses of population relationships showed that Indian populations are closely related to one another, regardless of phenotypic characteristics, and do not show particular affinities to Africans. We conclude that the phenotypic similarities of some Indian groups to Africans do not reflect a close relationship between these groups, but are better explained by convergence

ALKAPTONURIA SYNDROME-A REVIEW

Alkaptonuria, also called endogenous ochronosis, and also called as Black Urine Disease, is a rare metabolic autosomal recessive disorder. It occurs by complete inhibition of homogentisic acid oxidase enzyme having its deposition in various tissues. Alkaptonuria is caused due to deficiency of homogentisic acid oxidase involved in the metabolism of tyrosine. Dark discolouration of urine, ochronosis at cartilage and connective tissues, arthritis at the third of fourth decade of life, renal stone disease, spontaneous tendon rupture etc. May be seen in alkaptonuria. Disease severity varies among individual patients, even between siblings, and increase with age because of homogentisic acid accumulation. Usually, life span is not shortened in AKU, but the quality of life is severely effected. Several studies have suggested that Nitisinone may be effective in the treatment of alkaptonuria. Characteristically, the excess HGA means sufferers pass dark urine, which upon standing turns black. This is a feature present from birth. Over time patients develop other manifestations of AKU, due to the deposition of HGA in collagenous tissues, namely ochronosis and ochronotic osteoarthropathy. Although this condition does not reduce life expectancy, it significantly affects the quality of life. The natural history of this condition is becoming better understood, despite gaps in knowledge. Clinical assessment of the condition has also improved along with the development of potentially disease-modifying therapy. Furthermore, recent developments in AKU research have to lead to new understanding of the disease, and further study of the AKU arthropathy has the potential to influence therapy in the management of osteoarthritis