Financial Assessment of Soil Conservation Incentives

It's a complicated question whether and how governments should step in to promote the adoption of conservation measures. Effective policies to promote conservation cannot be developed without a thorough understanding of the motivations behind farmers' adoption of specific land use practises. This study examines the factors that lead farmers to choose a particular land use practise over another and considers the potential influence of government policies on farmers' adoption of more environmentally friendly practises. It does this by using a straightforward graphical model and data from semi-arid Kenya. Farmers are typically highly motivated to implement conservation measures when on-site productivity is the main priority. When farmers are prevented from adopting otherwise profitable conservation practises, or when there are discrepancies in the valuation of inputs and outputs, there is typically a divergence between privately optimal and socially optimal conservation behaviour. Incentive programmes are unlikely to work unless these issues are addressed head-on. There is no obvious motivation for farmers to take the necessary corrective measures when off-site repercussions are the main issue. In these circumstances, a subsidy programme might be necessary. Even in these situations, pricing distortions and any barriers to the implementation of conservation measures need to be closely monitored

An ε -Uniform Numerical Method for a System of Convection-Diffusion Equations with Discontinuous Convection Coefficients and Source Terms

In this paper, a parameter-uniform numerical method is suggested to solve a system of singularly perturbed convection-diffusion equations with discontinuous convection coefficients and source terms subject to the Dirichlet boundary condition. The second derivative of each equation is multiplied by a distinctly small parameter, which leads to an overlap and interacting interior layer. A numerical method based on a piecewise uniform Shishkin mesh is constructed. Numerical results are presented to support the theoretical results

(Benzyl­amine)chloridobis(ethane-1,2-diamine)cobalt(III) dichloride hemihydrate

In the title compound, [CoCl(C2H8N2)2(C7H9N)]Cl2·0.5H2O, there are two crystallographically independent cations and anions and one water mol­ecule in the asymmetric unit. Both CoIII ions are bonded to two chelating ethylenediamine ligands, one benzylamine molecule and one chloride ion. The crystal packing is through N—H⋯O, N—H⋯Cl and O—H⋯Cl inter­actions

Urban Sprawl Mapping and Land Use Change Detection Analysis

Hasty changes occurred in the land use and land cover of Coimbatore city corporation, Tamil Nadu within 32 years span (1984 – 2016). Agricultural and forest lands are mainly converted into urban areas generally in an unplanned way which is making a change in dynamics of urban sprawl characteristics. The principal aim of this study is to use remote sensing data, geospatial tools to detect, quantify, analyze the urban land use changes of Coimbatore city, located in the western part of the Tamil Nadu. This study emphases on urban growth analyses and urban sprawl of Coimbatore city. In 2016, the jurisdiction of the Coimbatore Corporation was increased from 72 to 100 wards and five zones which consist area of 365.74Sq.Km. The corporation limit was extended from 29.25Sq.Km. in 1984 to 365.74 Sq. Km. in 2016 which has a growth of 1150 percent area of 1984. Various GIS layers such as Ward, Zone, Corporation boundaries, Road and railway network, Waterbody, Stream, Major locations and Land use / land cover including built-up area; agricultural land; water bodies; industrial area; educational area, and Public & Semi-public area were generated from Coimbatore Corporation map and Remote sensing imagery. This study revealed that Land use/Land cover areas such as agricultural, commercial, educational, industrial, public and semi-public, residential areas and water bodies occupied 9.38, 2.20, 5.0, 3.1, 1.02, 77.37 and 1.93 percentage areas of the city respectively in the year 2016. Land use pattern change was confirmed by field verification study in some places like near Gandhipuram, Brooke Fields, Avinashi Road, etc

A Study on Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Gross Domestic Production in India

The review of various literatures and renowned publications is emphasizing that the gross domestic production of a nation is determined by several factors such as growth in agriculture and manufacturing sector, export, inflation, exchange rate and international investment. In spite of different factors affecting the growth, the incremental growth of foreign direct investment in various sectors is considered to be a vital factor which controls all other factor. The 1991 new economic policy has unfolded red carpet to the international investors and reduced the uncertainty on the legal and regulatory frame work boosted the investors’ confidence in the economy. As a result, the Indian economy witnessed a vigorous growth since the implementation of Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization (LPG). In this regard this paper is attempting to investigate the contribution of foreign direct investment to the gross domestic production of India. The investigation was made using a simple regression between foreign direct investment (FDI) and gross domestic production (GDP) for 23 years from 1991 – 2014. The result revealed that FDI has as positive impact on GDP

Modulational instability in PT\cal{PT}-symmetric Bragg grating structures with saturable nonlinearity

We investigate the nontrivial characteristics of modulational instability (MI) in a system of Bragg gratings with saturable nonlinearity. We also introduce an equal amount of gain and loss into the existing system which gives rise to an additional degree of freedom, thanks to the concept of $\cal PT$- symmetry. We obtain the nonlinear dispersion relation of the saturable model and discover that such dispersion relations for both the conventional and $\cal PT$- symmetric cases contradict with the conventional Kerr and saturable systems by not displaying the typical signature of loop formation in either the upper branch or lower branch of the curve drawn against the wavenumber and detuning parameter. We then employ a standard linear stability analysis in order to study the MI dynamics of the continuous waves perturbed by an infinitesimal perturbation. The main objective of this paper is twofold. We first investigate the dynamics of the MI gain spectrum at the top and bottom of the photonic bandgap followed by a comprehensive analysis carried out in the anomalous and normal dispersion regimes. As a result, this perturbed system driven by the saturable nonlinearity and gain/loss yields a variety of instability spectra, which include the conventional side bands, monotonically increasing gain, the emergence of a single spectrum in either of the Stokes wavenumber region, and so on. In particular, we observe a remarkably peculiar spectrum, which is caused predominantly by the system parameter though the perturbation wavenumber boosts the former. We also address the impact of all the physical parameters considered in the proposed model which include coupling coefficient, dispersion parameter, and saturable nonlinearity on the phenomenon of MI for different $\cal PT$- symmetric regimes ranging from unbroken to broken one in greater detail.Comment: To appear in Phys. Rev.

A Study on Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Gross Domestic Production in India

The review of various literatures and renowned publications is emphasizing that the gross domestic production of a nation is determined by several factors such as growth in agriculture and manufacturing sector, export, inflation, exchange rate and international investment. In spite of different factors affecting the growth, the incremental growth of foreign direct investment in various sectors is considered to be a vital factor which controls all other factor. The 1991 new economic policy has unfolded red carpet to the international investors and reduced the uncertainty on the legal and regulatory frame work boosted the investors’ confidence in the economy. As a result, the Indian economy witnessed a vigorous growth since the implementation of Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization (LPG). In this regard this paper is attempting to investigate the contribution of foreign direct investment to the gross domestic production of India. The investigation was made using a simple regression between foreign direct investment (FDI) and gross domestic production (GDP) for 23 years from 1991 – 2014. The result revealed that FDI has as positive impact on GDP

Construction of single-chain variable fragment antibodies against MCF-7 breast cancer cells.

A phage display library of single chain variable fragment (scFv) against MCF-7 breast cancer cells was constructed from C3A8 hybridoma cells. RNA from the C3A8 was isolated, cDNA was constructed, and variable heavy and light immunoglobulin chain gene region were amplified using PCR. The variable heavy and light chain gene regions were combined with flexible linker, linked to a pCANTAB 5E phagemid vector and electrophoresed into supE strain of Escherichia coli TG1 cells. Forty-eight clones demonstrated positive binding activity to MCF-7 breast cancer cell membrane fragments and the strongest of 48 clones was selected for analysis. The anti-MCF-7 library evaluated by SfiI and NotI digests demonstrated that anti-MCF-7 scFv antibodies possess individual patterns that should be able to recognize distinct human breast cancer cells. The C3A8 scFv, with an apparent molecular weight of 32 kDa, showed high homology (99%) with single chain antibody against rice stripe virus protein P20. In summary, the anti MCF-7 scFv antibody can be used for pretargeting breast cancer for clinical diagnosis of patients; it also has potential for therapeutic applications