Portable Biomass Gasifier Power Generation Using Non Edible Seed Cake

Non edible seeds are used most of the applications but the dehydration of seed cakes is too difficult. And the same time the seeds could not feed food as animal. Hence, to adopt various techniques it can be used for other applications. 1 ton crude oil yield from 3 tons of seeds and the remaining becomes seed cake. After oil extraction using screw press machine, seed cake still has 10 % to 15 % of oil.  Hence this is a good combustible material with calorific value of approximately 600 Kcal/m3 and the electrical output voltage 180 – 200 at the range of 3.00 -3.5 amps. This paper deals with the power generation from Jatropha seed cake using gasification technology

Efficacy and Usefulness of SGLT2 Inhibitors in Niddm Patients on the Backdrop of Metformin and Sulphonyl Urea

INTRODUCTION: Diabetes is a chronic condition that occurs when the body cannot produce enough insulin or cannot use insulin, and is diagnosed by observing raised levels of glucose in the blood. Insulin is a hormone produced in the pancreas; it is required to transport glucose from the bloodstream into the body’s cells where it is used as energy. The lack, or ineffectiveness, of insulin in a person with diabetes means that glucose remains circulating in the blood. Over time, the resulting high levels of glucose in the blood (known as hyperglycaemia) causes damage to many tissues in the body, leading to the development of disabling and life-threatening health complications. PREDIABETES: Before people develop type 2 diabetes or non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), they almost always have "prediabetes" blood glucose levels that are higher than normal but not yet high enough to be diagnosed as diabetes. Doctors sometimes refer to prediabetes as impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or impaired fasting glucose (IFG), depending on what test was used when it was detected. This condition puts the patients at a higher risk for developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. GENETICS OF TYPE 2 DIABETES: Type 2 diabetes has a stronger link to family history and lineage than type 1, although it too depends on environmental factors. Studies of twins have shown that genetics play a very strong role in the development of type 2 diabetes. Lifestyle also influences the development of type 2 diabetes. Obesity tends to run in families, and families tend to have similar eating and exercise habits. If you have a family history of type 2 diabetes, it may be difficult to figure out whether your diabetes is due to lifestyle factors or genetic susceptibility. Most likely it is due to both. AIM OF THE STUDY: To study the effectiveness of Sodium-Glucose Transport 2 Inhibitors (SGLT2 inhibitors) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus on the background treatment with metformin and a sulphonyl urea OBJECTIVES: To assess the glycaemic control by observing: 1. Fasting blood sugar, 2. Post-prandial blood sugar, 3. Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), 4. Reduction in body weight. CONCLUSION: 1. This study included 105, T2DM patients of which, patients in the age group of 21 to 30 yrs on one end and 71 to 80 yrs on the other were a bare minimal on both the groups. Further the social habits, food habits being a vegan or nonvegetarian were also equally distributed amongst the two groups. About familial history of Diabetes with the patients, it was 73% in Group A and 72% in Group B. Patients with normal weight were 22% in Group A and 16% in Group B of the Body Mass Index. 5% patients were under Class III category of obesity in Group A whereas it was 6% in Group B. All the above parameters are placed of equal distribution, thereby variables are kept at a bare minimum not jeopardizing the observed results in any way. 2.F. P. G. values showed a reduction of 5.7% from base value in Group A; whereas the same was showing a significant 34.64% reduction in Group B patients 3.The post prandial glucose measurement showed a 6.79% reduction in Group A and 34.58% reduction in Group B patients. 4.The HbA1c values showed a 2.59%reduction in Group A and a very significant 7.28% reduction in Group B cases. 5.Ultimately the reduction in Body Mass Index was 1.57%in Group A and 6.28% in Group B patients. 6.The outcome of this study clearly shows that addition of a SGLT2 inhibitor drug to the conventional oral regime of type II diabetes with metformin and a sulphonyl urea has a marked and significant advantage over the biguanide + sulphonyl urea only combination considering all the parameters that showa better and significant control of the blood glucose level and the Body Mass Index. 7.Hence T2DM may conveniently be treated with metformin and a sulphonyl urea with the addition of a SGLT2 Inhibitor for a significantly improved life of patients

Portable Biomass Gasifier Power Generation Using Non Edible Seed Cake

Non edible seeds are used most of the applications but the dehydration of seed cakes is too difficult. And the same time the seeds could not feed food as animal. Hence, to adopt various techniques it can be used for other applications. 1 ton crude oil yield from 3 tons of seeds and the remaining becomes seed cake. After oil extraction using screw press machine, seed cake still has 10 % to 15 % of oil. Hence this is a good combustible material with calorific value of approximately 600 Kcal/m3 and the electrical output voltage 180 – 200 at the range of 3.00 -3.5 amps. This paper deals with the power generation from Jatropha seed cake using gasification technology

Response of selected hormonal markers during training cycles on indian female swimmers

The present study was taken up to monitor the fluctuations of the hormones testosterone, cortisol and T/C (Testosterone/Cortisol) ratio concentrations during the three phases of training namely preparatory phase, pre-competitive phase and competitive phase in Indian female swimmers. Blood samples were collected at the completion of each phase to study the impact of training on these hormones. Our results reveal that the testosterone and T/C ratio significantly decreases whereas cortisol increases in the subsequent periodised cycle and it was due to the intensity and volume of training. Our study concludes that the intensity and volume of training has effects on these hormones and also, a swimmer with higher testosterone, lowest cortisol and highest T/C ratio has the highest percentage difference of performance record between the preparatory and competitive phase. Hence, monitoring of these hormones is essential to avoid overtraining and to enhance the performance of the swimmers

Concentration of CO<SUB>2</SUB> over melting ice oscillates

We report that the concentration of CO2 over melting ice oscillates as long as water and ice coexist. A phenomenological model involving melting of CO2 containing ice leading to its release, readsorption of the vapor on ice, and dissolution in water is proposed. Thermokinetics of these processes lead to nonlinearity of the dynamics. This phenomenon is also observed over impure ice contaminated with salts or in the presence of nitrogen or air. Oscillations have been observed in several other solute or ice-water systems

PROBING THE BROAD-SPECTRUM THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF AIP II MIMICS TO COMBAT LYSOZYME MEDIATED STAPHYLOCOCCAL INVASION ON CONTACT LENS

Objective: Molecular recognition of AIP II mimics as a global inhibitor against the AgrC variants and to undertake a real-time clinical applications to treat the lysozyme mediated (tear protein) S. aureus adherence on contact lens.Methods: Structure activity relationship of the mimic peptides against the receptor AgrC variants were studied to score the global inhibitor. Further, the activity of the mimics as inhibitors was validated through in vitro and in vivo analysis.Results: Inhibition of agr expression of interstrains by the mimic compounds gained insight to recognize a global inhibitorâ€. Further, the in vitro data were designed in such a way to provide a natural eye environment (artificial tears) to see the effect of mAIP IIa (IC50) showed a greater significance of eradicating the clinical isolate, S. aureus biofilm and various other secreted toxins.Conclusion: The mimic peptide (mAIPII a) revealed to be a potential mimic of AIPII to show a broad range inhibition of all AgrC variants without any cytotoxic effects.Â

An integrated approach to supply chain risk analysis

Despite the increasing attention that supply chain risk management is receiving by both researchers and practitioners, companies still lack a risk culture. Moreover, risk management approaches are either too general or require pieces of information not regularly recorded by organisations. This work develops a risk identification and analysis methodology that integrates widely adopted supply chain and risk management tools. In particular, process analysis is performed by means of the standard framework provided by the Supply Chain Operations Reference Model, the risk identification and analysis tasks are accomplished by applying the Risk Breakdown Structure and the Risk Breakdown Matrix, and the effects of risk occurrence on activities are assessed by indicators that are already measured by companies in order to monitor their performances. In such a way, the framework contributes to increase companies' awareness and communication about risk, which are essential components of the management of modern supply chains. A base case has been developed by applying the proposed approach to a hypothetical manufacturing supply chain. An in-depth validation will be carried out to improve the methodology and further demonstrate its benefits and limitations. Future research will extend the framework to include the understanding of the multiple effects of risky events on different processe

Virtual-tissue computer simulations define the roles of cell adhesion and proliferation in the onset of kidney cystic disease

In autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), cysts accumulate and progressively impair renal function. Mutations in PKD1 and PKD2 genes are causally linked to ADPKD, but how these mutations drive cell behaviors that underlie ADPKD pathogenesis is unknown. Human ADPKD cysts frequently express cadherin-8 (cad8), and expression of cad8 ectopically in vitro suffices to initiate cystogenesis. To explore cell behavioral mechanisms of cad8-driven cyst initiation, we developed a virtual-tissue computer model. Our simulations predicted that either reduced cell-cell adhesion or reduced contact inhibition of proliferation triggers cyst induction. To reproduce the full range of cyst morphologies observed in vivo, changes in both cell adhesion and proliferation are required. However, only loss-of-adhesion simulations produced morphologies matching in vitro cad8-induced cysts. Conversely, the saccular cysts described by others arise predominantly by decreased contact inhibition, that is, increased proliferation. In vitro experiments confirmed that cell-cell adhesion was reduced and proliferation was increased by ectopic cad8 expression. We conclude that adhesion loss due to cadherin type switching in ADPKD suffices to drive cystogenesis. Thus, control of cadherin type switching provides a new target for therapeutic intervention

Transfer Functions for Protein Signal Transduction: Application to a Model of Striatal Neural Plasticity

We present a novel formulation for biochemical reaction networks in the context of signal transduction. The model consists of input-output transfer functions, which are derived from differential equations, using stable equilibria. We select a set of 'source' species, which receive input signals. Signals are transmitted to all other species in the system (the 'target' species) with a specific delay and transmission strength. The delay is computed as the maximal reaction time until a stable equilibrium for the target species is reached, in the context of all other reactions in the system. The transmission strength is the concentration change of the target species. The computed input-output transfer functions can be stored in a matrix, fitted with parameters, and recalled to build discrete dynamical models. By separating reaction time and concentration we can greatly simplify the model, circumventing typical problems of complex dynamical systems. The transfer function transformation can be applied to mass-action kinetic models of signal transduction. The paper shows that this approach yields significant insight, while remaining an executable dynamical model for signal transduction. In particular we can deconstruct the complex system into local transfer functions between individual species. As an example, we examine modularity and signal integration using a published model of striatal neural plasticity. The modules that emerge correspond to a known biological distinction between calcium-dependent and cAMP-dependent pathways. We also found that overall interconnectedness depends on the magnitude of input, with high connectivity at low input and less connectivity at moderate to high input. This general result, which directly follows from the properties of individual transfer functions, contradicts notions of ubiquitous complexity by showing input-dependent signal transmission inactivation.Comment: 13 pages, 5 tables, 15 figure