Application of Analytic Hierarchy Process in Engineering Education

Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) provides a mathematical technique to formulate a problem as a hierarchical structure and believes in an amalgamation of quantitative and qualitative criteria. It is this uniqueness of AHP that makes it one of the important inclusive systems, considered to make decisions with multiple criteria. This paper focuses on conducting Analytic Hierarchy Process, based on the data collected from several Engineering colleges in the state of Telangana. This paper aims to understand the reasons for removing the staple Engineering streams such as Mechanical engineering, Production engineering, Electronics and Instrumentation engineering and introducing new and contemporary streams such as Artificial Intelligence and Data Science, Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning and Internet of Things. The World Economic Forum’s latest “Future of Jobs” report highlights the impact of ‘double disruption’ of Automation, followed by COVID-19. The report indicates that while 85 million jobs will be displaced, 47% of core skills will change by 2025. The topic thus is of immense value since it looks closely at the paradigm shift mentioned above and its further consequences. The result of the present study would be helpful to indicate the exact rankings of the programming and non-programming branches in the engineering field and thus would be instrumental in gauging learners’ inclination towards studying specific branches. This paper aims to analyze the growing demand of programming branches over traditional, non-programming branches.

A Clinical Study on Vrana Shodhana Action of Gomutra Arka in Dushtavrana w.s.r. to Diabetic Foot Ulcer

Context: The diabetic foot ulcer, being chronic in nature involves various tissues, it can be considered as Dushtavrana in Ayurveda. Proper Care for diabetic foot with medication and procedures that has hastened the healing process with less complication is the need of the hour. Aim: To evaluate the Vrana Shodhana action of Gomutra Arka in Dushtavrana w.s.r. to diabetic foot ulcers. Settings and Design: It is a clinical study with pre-test and post-test design. Total number of patient’s taken for the study was 40 excluding dropouts. The patients selected for the study were divided in to 2 groups, Group-A and Group-B, consisting of 20 patients each. Materials and Methods: The wound is examined, exudates, debris, slough were removed, the surrounding area was cleaned and pad soaked in Gomutra Arka was placed and wound dressing was done once in a day. Duration of study was 45 days or till the formation of granulation tissue whichever is earlier, assessment was done every 7 days. For healing Jatyadi Taila was applied after the Shodhana Kriya with Gomutra Arka. Conclusion: Gomutra Arka was having good results in reducing burning sensation, itching, smell, size, depth, discharge, edge, floor and presence of granulation tissues compared to Betadine. Both drugs have equal effect in reducing pain. Both drugs have Shodhana, Lekhana properties, hastens the wound healing process which helps in reduction of wound size. It can be concluded that Gomutra Arka application is effective in all types of Diabetic foot ulcer by their faster, effective Shodhana, Lekhana, Vedana Shamaka, Kandu Shamaka, Daha Shamaka properties compared to Betadine

Relict of Olivines in Micrometeorites: Precursors and interactions in the Earth's atmosphere

Antarctica micrometeorites (~1200) and cosmic spherules (~5000) from deep sea sediments are studied using electron microscopy to identify Mg-rich olivine grains in order to determine the nature of the particle precursors. Mg-rich olivine (FeO < 5wt%) in micrometeorites suffers insignificant chemical modification during its history and is a well-preserved phase. 420 forsterite grains enclosed in 162 micrometeorites of different types - unmelted, scoriaceous and porphyritic - are examined in this study. Forsterites in micrometeorites of different types are crystallized during their formation in solar nebula; their closest analogues are chondrule components of CV-type chondrites or volatile rich CM chondrites. The forsteritic olivines are suggested to have originated from a cluster of closely related carbonaceous asteroids that have Mg-rich olivines in the narrow range of CaO (0.1−0.3 wt%), Al2O3 (0.0−0.3wt%), MnO (0.0−0.3wt%) and Cr2O3 (0.1−0.7wt%). Numerical simulations carried out with the Chemical Ablation Model (CABMOD) enable us to define the physical conditions of atmospheric entry that preserve the original compositions of the Mg-rich olivines in these particles. The chemical compositions of relict olivines affirm the role of heating at peak temperatures and the cooling rates of the micrometeorites. This modelling approach provides a foundation for understanding the ablation of the particles and the circumstances in which the relict grains tend to survive

Drag reduction on saltating sediment in shallow flow

Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Hydroscience and Engineering, Philadelphia, PA, September 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1860/732Laboratory flume experiments of shallow overland flow with sediments consisting of sand particles of sizes (1000-1400 μm) and (600- 850 μm) and fine particles of sand (74-125 μm) revealed several features similar to gravity driven granular flow experiments with glass beads [Prasad et al. (2000)]. In the saltating flow regime the particle velocity was measured by cross-correlating signals obtained with twin photonic probes and particle concentrations by pre-calibrated single probe signals. In the very low particle concentration range, particle velocity showed an increased trend followed by a decreased trend at larger concentration values. A simple model was developed for the particles transport in water that showed drag reduction by so called "drafting". This "drafting" model is based on the superposition principle of two flow fields. First the drag coefficient is computed for the case of a single particle and the second part consists of a similar coefficient due to the flow field behind the leading particle. Thus, for a row of infinite number of spherical particles of diameter, ds, equally spaced at a distance, s, (center to center), the ratio of the drag coefficients (multiple to single particles) is found to be (1 - cα2) where α is the linear concentration, ds/s and c (a constant) depends on the particle Reynolds number

Evaluating changes in the elemental composition of micrometeorites during entry into the earth's atmosphere

We evaluate the heating of extraterrestrial particles entering the atmosphere using the comprehensive chemical ablation model (CABMOD). This model predicts the ablation rates of individual elements in a particle with a defined size, composition, entry velocity, and entry angle with respect to the zenith (ZA). In the present study, bulk chemical analyses of 1133 Antarctica micrometeorites (collected from the south pole water well) are interpreted using CABMOD. The marked spread in Fe/Si values in unmelted, partially melted, and melted micrometeorites is explained by the loss of relatively volatile Fe during atmospheric entry. The combined theoretical modeling and elemental composition of the micrometeorites (Mg/Si ratios) suggest that ∼85% of particles have a provenance of carbonaceous chondrites, the remaining ∼15% are either ordinary or enstatite chondrites. About 65% of the micrometeorites have undergone 11–21 km s−

TSLP signaling pathway map: a platform for analysis of TSLP-mediated signaling

Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a four-helix bundle cytokine that plays a critical role in the regulation of immune responses and in the differentiation of hematopoietic cells. TSLP signals through a heterodimeric receptor complex consisting of an interleukin-7 receptor α chain and a unique TSLP receptor (TSLPR) [also known as cytokine receptor-like factor 2 (CRLF2)]. Cellular targets of TSLP include dendritic cells, B cells, mast cells, regulatory T (Treg) cells and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. The TSLP/TSLPR axis can activate multiple signaling transduction pathways including the JAK/STAT pathway and the PI-3 kinase pathway. Aberrant TSLP/TSLPR signaling has been associated with a variety of human diseases including asthma, atopic dermatitis, nasal polyposis, inflammatory bowel disease, eosinophilic eosophagitis and, most recently, acute lymphoblastic leukemia. A centralized resource of the TSLP signaling pathway cataloging signaling events is not yet available. In this study, we present a literature-annotated resource of reactions in the TSLP signaling pathway. This pathway map is publicly available through NetPath (http://www.netpath.org/), an open access signal transduction pathway resource developed previously by our group. This map includes 236 molecules and 252 reactions that are involved in TSLP/TSLPR signaling pathway. We expect that the TSLP signaling pathway map will provide a rich resource to study the biology of this important cytokine as well as to identify novel therapeutic targets for diseases associated with dysregulated TSLP/TSLPR signaling. Database URL: http://www.netpath.org/pathways?path_id=NetPath_2

Selective Disparity of Ordinary Chondritic Precursors in Micrometeorite Flux

All known extraterrestrial dust (micrometeoroids) entering the Earth's atmosphere is anticipated to have a significant contribution from ordinary chondritic precursors, as seen in meteorites, but this is an apparent contradiction that needs to be addressed. Ordinary chondrites represent a minor contribution to the overall meteor influx compared to carbonaceous chondrites, which are largely dominated by CI and/or CM chondrites. However, the near-Earth asteroid population presents a scenario with sufficient scope for generation of dust-sized debris from ordinary chondritic sources. The bulk chemical composition of 3255 micrometeorites (MMs) collected from Antarctica and deep-sea sediments has shown Mg/Si largely dominated by carbonaceous chondrites, and less than 10% having ordinary chondritic precursors. The chemical ablation model is combined with different initial chondritic compositions (CI, CV, L, LL, H), and the results clearly indicate that high-density (≥2.8 g cm⁻³) precursors, such as CV and ordinary chondrites in the size range 100–700 μm and zenith angle 0°–70°, ablate at much faster rates and lose their identity even before reaching the Earth's surface and hence are under-represented in our collections. Moreover, their ability to survive as MMs remains grim for high-velocity micrometeoroids (>16 km s⁻¹). The elemental ratio for CV and ordinary chondrites are also similar to each other irrespective of the difference in the initial chemical composition. In conclusion, MMs belonging to ordinary chondritic precursors' concentrations may not be insignificant in thermosphere, as they are found on Earth's surface

A comprehensive curated resource for follicle stimulating hormone signaling

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is an important hormone responsible for growth, maturation and function of the human reproductive system. FSH regulates the synthesis of steroid hormones such as estrogen and progesterone, proliferation and maturation of follicles in the ovary and spermatogenesis in the testes. FSH is a glycoprotein heterodimer that binds and acts through the FSH receptor, a G-protein coupled receptor. Although online pathway repositories provide information about G-protein coupled receptor mediated signal transduction, the signaling events initiated specifically by FSH are not cataloged in any public database in a detailed fashion.</p> <p>Findings</p> <p>We performed comprehensive curation of the published literature to identify the components of FSH signaling pathway and the molecular interactions that occur upon FSH receptor activation. Our effort yielded 64 reactions comprising 35 enzyme-substrate reactions, 11 molecular association events, 11 activation events and 7 protein translocation events that occur in response to FSH receptor activation. We also cataloged 265 genes, which were differentially expressed upon FSH stimulation in normal human reproductive tissues.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>We anticipate that the information provided in this resource will provide better insights into the physiological role of FSH in reproductive biology, its signaling mediators and aid in further research in this area. The curated FSH pathway data is freely available through NetPath (<url>http://www.netpath.org</url>), a pathway resource developed previously by our group.</p