The comparative effect of Valeriana officinalis versus Diazepam on the state of anxiety before operation in female patients admitted in Kashani hospital

Background and aims: Valeriana officinalis is one of the most practical herbal medicines with anxiolytic and sedative properties. This study was conducted to compare herbal medicine V. officinalis and diazepam on reduction of preoperative anxiety. Methods: In this double-blinded clinical trial study, 60 female patients candidated for elective surgery were enrolled into the study. The patients were randomly divided into 3 groups including: V. officinalis (5 dl concentrated extract Zardband Pharmaceutical Co.), Diazepam (5 mg tablet), and Placebo. The medicines were orally administered to the patients every 2 hours before anesthesia. The data were gathered by Spielberger Anxiety Inventory (manifest anxiety) and form of individual information and vital signs including blood pressure, pulse, and respiration at 2 steps, before medicine administration and two hours after medicine administration. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, pair t- test, Chi- square, and ANOVA in SPSS software. Results: Mean score of manifest anxiety in the patients was 28.26±7.94 prior to treatment with V. officinalis and 16.56±7.25 after treatment, in diazepam group prior to treatment 25.56±5.44 and after treatment 22.40±5.54, and in placebo group prior to treatment 24.70±7.09 and after treatment 23.60±7.09, with a significant reduction in score of manifest anxiety in the patients in all three groups (P=0.001). The highest reduction of anxiety score was associated with V. officinalis followed by diazepam and placebo (P=0.001). Conclusion: Considering the findings of this study could be argued that V. officinalis has effect on preoperative anxiety and could be used in reducing preoperative anxiety in operating rooms

Comparison of Hemodynamic Variations, Bispectral Index and Myoclonus Score of Propofol Dosage in Anesthesia Induced Patients

Aims Propofol is the most widely used intravenous anesthetic medication. It is necessary to assess the doses of the medication to determine proper anesthetic depth and to prevent its side-effects. The aim of this study was to compare 1 and 2.5mg/Kg doses of propofol in hemodynamic changes, myoclonus degree, and bi-spectral index (BIS) monitoring level in patients under anesthetic induction. Materials & Methods In the two-blind random clinical trial study, 92 patients being candidate for surgery wit general anesthesia induction were studied in Shahr-e Kord Kashani Center in 2013. The subjects, selected via simple sampling method, were randomly divided into two groups. The first and the second groups were received 1 and 2.5mg/kg doses of propofol, respectively. Hemodynamic, myoclonus, and BIS indices were measured at four different times in the groups. Data was analyzed by SPSS 17 using independent T and Chi-square tests, as well as repeated ANOVA and Fisher’s test. Findings There was no significant difference between the groups in the hemodynamic variables such as systolic and diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial blood pressure, pulse rate, and BIS (p>0.05). In addition, the change rates of the variables were the same. Nevertheless, there was a significant difference between the groups in the pulse change rate (p=0.032). There was no significant difference between the groups in myoclonus (p>0.05). Conclusion The hemodynamic changes and the changes in myoclonus degree and BIS are the same in 1 and 2.5mg/kg doses of propofol in the patients undergoing anesthetic induction

Synthesis and characterization of new heat resistance and organosoluble poly(ether-amide)

New series of olefinic poly(ether-amide)s (OPEA)s 6a-f was synthesized from 4,4′-bis(1,4-diphenoxybutane)diacrylic acid 4 and aromatic diamine 5a-f via a direct polycondensation reaction. The resulting polymers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), solubility test and inherent viscosity. The thermal properties of the polymers 6a-c were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Polymer 6c due to presence of SO2 group as a polar group shows better thermal properties compare with polymer 6a and 6b. KEY WORDS: Polycondensation, Polyamide, Ether group, Thermal properties Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2013, 27(3), 413-419.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v27i3.1

On Solution and Stability of a Two-Variable Functional Equations

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the stability of the functional equation f(x+y,y+z)=2f(x/2,y/2)+2f(y/2,z/2) in normed spaces. The solutions of such functional equations are considered

Relationship between cancer characteristics and quality of life in the cancer patients under chemotherapy referred to selected clinic of Tehran university of medical sciences

زمینه و هدف: بیماران مبتلاء به سرطان دچار مشکلات جسمی، روحی و اجتماعی زیادی می شوند که این مشکلات باعث اختلال در روند طبیعی زندگی و کیفیت آن می گردد. لذا با توجه به اینکه در جامعه ما به مفهوم کیفیت زندگی و عوامل مرتبط با آن از جمله درد، خستگی وغیره در بیماران سرطانی کمتر پرداخته شده است شناخت این عوامل به پرستاران کمک می کند تا فعالیت های خود را در جهت ارتقاء سطح سلامت و بهبود کیفیت زندگی بیماران سازماندهی نمایند. پژوهش حاضر یک مطالعه توصیفی از نوع ارتباطی است که به منظور بررسی ارتباط بین ویژگی های سرطان و کیفیت زندگی در بیماران سرطانی تحت شیمی درمانی مراجعه کننده به درمانگاه منتخب انکولوژی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران صورت گرفته است. روش مطالعه: در این تحقیق 200 نفر از بیماران مبتلا به انواع سرطان (تومورهای توپر)که به منظور شیمی درمانی به درمانگاه منتخب انکولوژی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران مراجعه نموده بودند بصورت نمونه گیری در دسترس انتخاب شدند. گردآوری داده ها از طریق مصاحبه، گزارش خود بیمار و مراجعه به پرونده بیمار انجام شد. ابزار گردآوری اطلاعات بر اساس پرسشنامه Qol-BC ( (Quality of Breast Cancerبود که توسط پژوهشگر تعدیل شده است. جهت دستیابی به اهداف از آمار توصیفی و استنباطی استفاده شده و جهت تعیین ارتباط آماری از آزمون کای دو استفاده شده است. نتایج: یافته ها نشان داد اکثریت واحدهای مورد پژوهش 35 مبتلاء به سرطان گوارش، 5/35 بیماران در مرحله 3 بیماری، در 5/61 طول مدت بیماری از زمان تشخیص کمتر از یکسال، 41 دارای شدت درد خفیف بودند، 91 بیماری خود را قبول داشتند، 5/84 کاهش یا از دست دادن عملکرد اعضاء بدن از زمان بیماری داشتند و 5/69 شدت خستگی متوسط داشته اند. نتیجه گیری: نتایج پژوهش بیانگرآن بود که کیفیت زندگی اکثریت واحدهای مورد پژوهش (66) متوسط بوده است در رابطه با ارتباط ویژگی های سرطان با کیفیت زندگی نتایج نشان داد که بین نوع سرطان (05/0

Paleoearthquakes and slip rates of the North Tabriz Fault, NW Iran: preliminary results

The North Tabriz Fault is a major seismogenic fault in NW Iran. The last damaging earthquakes on this fault occurred in 1721, rupturing the southeastern fault segment, and in 1780, rupturing the northwestern one. The understanding of the seismic behavior of this fault is critical for assessing the hazard in Tabriz, one of the major cities of Iran; the city suffered major damage in both the 1721 and 1780 events. Our study area is located on the northwestern fault segment, west of the city of Tabriz. We performed geomorphic and trenching investigations, which allowed us to recognize evidence for repeated faulting events since the Late Pleistocene. From the trenches, we found evidence for at least four events during the past 3.6 ka, the most recent one being the 1780 earthquake. On the basis of different approaches, horizontal slip per event and slip rates are found in the ranges of 4 ± 0.5 m and 3.1-6.4 mm/yr, respectively. We also attempted an estimate of the average recurrence intervals which appears to be in the range 350-1430 years, with a mean recurrence interval of 821 ± 176 years. On the basis of these results, the northwestern segment of the North Tabriz Fault does not appear to present a major seismic potential for the near future, however, not enough is known about the southeastern segment of the fault to make a comparable conclusion

Type and Rate of Prophylactic Antibiotic Use in the Orthopedic Patients Underwent Elective Surgeries in Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Babol

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Postoperative infection has been one of the most frequent problems in orthopedics that the prescription of antibiotics to prevent surgical infection is an effective strategy to reduce infections after surgery.The aim of this study was investigating type and amount of prophylactic antibiotics used in the orthopedic cases administered in Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Babol, northern Iran. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 450 traumatic and non-traumatic patients underwent elective orthopedic surgeries and received antibiotic prophylaxis during 2015-2016. The necessary data were collected from the patients' records using a predesigned checklist. This checklist consisted of demographic information, type and mechanism of trauma and information related to prophylaxis (name of antibiotic, dosage, administration method, time to start prophylaxis, administration intervals and overall prophylaxis duration). FINDINGS: Out of 450 patients, 300 (66.7%) were male and others were female. The mean age was 42.37±21.53. The most commonly used antibiotic was cefazolin (n=437, 97.3%) and gentamycin (n=276, 62%), and the lowest was amikacin (n=8, 1.8%). Mean duration of use was 4.92±1.8 days, ranging from 1 to 15 days. CONCLUSION: The results showed that the use of prophylactic antibiotics is high and they should be administered with more precise control. The most commonly used antibiotic for prophylaxis was cefazolin and the least was amikacin

Diagnosis of Gardenella associated vaginosis in Borujen women's outpatient Clinic, 2000

عفونت های میکروبی واژن شایع بوده و باکتری ها به اندازه عوامل قارچی و تک یاخته ای در آن دخالت دارند. گاردنرلا واژینالیس ارگانیسمی است که اغلب تصور می شود، مهم ترین نقش را در ایجاد واژینوز باکتریال ایفا نماید. این مطالعه با هدف تعیین فراوانی واژینوز باکتریال در ارتباط با گاردنرلا (Gardnerella associated vaginosis=GAV) و مقایسه معیارهای تشخیص بالینی و آزمایشگاهی آن با تشخیص باکتریولوژیک انجام گردید. بررسی به صورت مقطعی اجرا و 227 نفر خانم های دارای ترشح مهبلی را شامل گردید، که در طی دوره تحقیق، از نهم اردیبهشت تا هشتم آبان 1379 به درمانگاه تخصصی زنان و مامایی بروجن مراجعه نموده و مورد معاینه بالینی قرار گرفتند. پرسشنامه حاوی اطلاعات عمومی و بالینی برای هریک از مراجعین تکمیل و نمونه ترشح واژن از آنها گرفته و مورد بررسی آزمایشگاهی قرار گرفت. معیارهای تشخیص GAV برای مراجعین عبارت بودند از: وجود نشانه های بالینی بیماری، مشاهده سلول های کلیدی در لام رنگ آمیزی مستقیم ترشحات واژن، هموژن بودن ترشح و pH بالاتر از 4.5 آن و مثبت بودن تست آمین (Whiff test)، علاوه بر این، کشت و جداسازی گاردنرلا واژینالیس بر روی محیط کشت پیشنهادی Ison و همکاران و با کمک تست های افتراقی لازم انجام شد. از مجموع 227 نفر مراجعین، 43 نفر (18.9) به عنوان GAV تشخیص داده شدند، که 33 نفر (76.7) از آنها دارای کشت مثبت گاردنرلا بودند. تمامی خانم های مبتلا به این عفونت متاهل و اکثریت آنها (69.9) متعلق به گروه سنی 39-20 ساله بودند. نمونه تمامی بیماران دارای سلول های کلیدی، 90.7 دارای pH بالاتر از 4.5، 81.4 دارای تست آمین مثبت و 67.4 دارای ترشح هموژن بودند. باتوجه به اینکه تمامی خانم ها مبتلا به GAV متاهل بودند، وجود ارتباط فعالیت جنسی با بروز عفونت ممکن به نظر می رسد. مطالعه حاضر ارتباط معنی داری را بین استفاده از IUD و بروز واژینوز در ارتباط با گاردنرلا در افراد مورد بررسی نشان نمی دهد

Microdust impact on leaf gas exchange parameters in oak species of Northern Zagros forests, west of Iran

In recent years, the microdust phenomenon has greatly changed in concentration, duration and continuity as well as the frequency of occurrence in comparison with dust storms in the past which has caused a great deal of concern. Microdust is one of the most devastating factors in the environment threatening all animal and plant species. Regarding to the microdust impending threat, its ecological and economic impacts on scarce species is critical. Zagros forests act as an intrinsic filter for microdust in the western region of Iran. This study investigates the effect of microdust on oak, the most important tree in the Zagros forests. So that, three-year old seedlings of three oak species (Quercus branti, Q. libni and Q. infectoria) were exposed to microdust under natural conditions during spring and summer 2016. We examined the rate of photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, internal CO2, mesophyll conductance, water use efficiency in control and treated plants. The results indicated that microdust had a significant impact on the examined parameters of the three oak species (P≤0.01). The gas exchange and photosynthetic rates of the treated plants were significantly reduced. In Q. infectoria, microdust had the greatest impact on photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, leaf internal CO2, transpiration and mesophyll conductance. Accordingly, microdust had a substantial influence on photosynthesis and mesophyll conductance in Q. brantii as well as the leaf internal CO2 and mesophyll conductance in Q. libani. Therefore, based on these findings, it can be concluded that microdust can disrupt the physiological activities of the examined species. Hence, continuous - exposure to microdust will accelerate the process of destruction of these forests