Oromandibular Dysfunction Among Dental Students

The aim of the study was to determine frequency of oromandibular dysfunction among dental students. A total of 186 second and third year students (131 women and 55 men) aged 19-31 years (M=23) were examined, using the Gerber System instrumental technique. Oromandibular dysfunction was diagnosed according to IHS and AAOP criteria. T-TH was found in 58% of students, occlusal parafunction in 58%, non-occlusal parafunction in 84%. Tooth numbness occurred in 20% of subjects, masticatory muscle soreness on palpation in 28%, muscle hypertrophy in 14%. TMJ acoustic sounds were noticed in 55% of students, TMJ pain in 31%, limited mandibular movement while opening the mouth in 37%. All students examined had premature occlusal contacts, they were asymmetric in 98%. Oromandibular dysfunction was diagnosed in 79%, 21% of which had 6 or more dysfunction signs and symptoms, 19% had only one or two of them. The Eysenck personality questionnaire, additionally used in the study, revealed different types of personalities among students. Conclusion: Oromandibular dysfunction symptoms were observed in most ofstudents. They should be associated with school induced stress and not with the personality type of the subjects examined

Developmental learning disorders in children with prenatal/perinatal exposure to hypoxia: A systematic review protocol

Background Developmental learning disorder (DLD) belongs to neurodevelopmental disorders because it results from the developmental neurodiversity of the brain. The main causes of DLD are genetics, but environmental factors, like inadequate supply of oxygen during pregnancy or labor, are considered. Methods Our search strategy will consist of electronic databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library) and hand searching. The observational studies including cohort and case-control studies will be included. The primary outcome will be (DLD). Screening and eligibility will be done independently by two reviewers based on pre-specified eligibility criteria. Data extraction will be based on a pre-pilot data extraction form, and conducted by two authors independently. Study quality will be assessed by two authors independently. Any discrepancies identified at any stage of the review will be resolved by discussion or/and consultation with another reviewer. We plan a narrative and tabular summary of the findings. Discussion This systematic review of aetiology follows the traditional approach to evidence-based healthcare. This secondary research will assess the association between hypoxia and DLD by assessing the relationship of health-related event and outcome and examining the association between them. This review can provide information for healthcare professionals and policymakers indicating whether taking into account information about hypoxia should be permanently included in the diagnostic ontogenetic interview in the process of diagnosing neurodevelopmental disorders.publishedVersio

Chiral Separations of Ibuprofen and Propranolol by TLC. A Study of the Mechanism and Thermodynamics of Retention

Abstract: In contrast with gas and column liquid chromatography, both of which enable very efficient separation of enantiomers, thin-layer chromatography (TLC) has never proved particularly successful in the same field. This can be regarded as puzzling because although the performance of TLC is substantially lower than that of the instrumental modes of chromatography, it still seems efficient enough to ensure even difficult separations of pairs of analytes. There is a steady demand for simple, inexpensive, and successful chiral separations, preferably executed with the aid of TLC. The best proof of this is a few documented and promising attempts reported by reliable laboratories in developing countries. Some of these reports, however, describe experiments performed with glass plates coated in the laboratory, which gives rise to questions regarding the accuracy and repeatability of the results obtained. Similar concerns are evoked by traditional visualization of the outcome of a separation by use of dyeing agents, rather than by densitometry (which furnishes concentration profiles of the bands and the possibility of in-situ identification also). In this study, we have repeated chiral separations of two widely used drugs, ibuprofen and propranolol, adapting working conditions reported elsewhere to a system based on standardized and commercially available chromatographic plates. We also performed detection and identification on the developed chromatograms by means of densitometry. In our experiments with the modified chromatographic procedures, the results obtained proved at least as good as those reported in the original papers and occasionally somewhat better. For both ibuprofen and propranolol, preliminary thermodynamic evaluation of the standard chemical potentials of adsorption (Dm a ) for each of the two enantiomers considered was also performed. The results obtained look promising and Address correspondence to T. Kowalska, Institute of Chemistry, Silesian University, 9 Szkolna Street, Katowice, Poland. E-mail: [email protected]

Thin-layer chromatographic quantification of magnolol and honokiol in dietary supplements and selected biological properties of these preparations

Two isomeric biphenyl neolignans, magnolol and honokiol, are considered as constituents responsible for the healing effect of magnolia bark, a traditional Oriental medicine. To survey the increasing number of dietary supplements that contain magnolia bark or its extract, an affordable quantitative thin-layer chromatography (TLC) –densitometry method was developed. The methanol extracts were analyzed on the silica gel plates after manual sample application using n -hexane –ethyl acetate –ethanol (16:3:1, v/v/v) as a mobile phase. For quantitation, the chromatograms were scanned in the absorbance mode at the wavelength λ= 290 nm. The limits of detection and quantitation were 90 and 280 ng/zone for magnolol and 70 and 200 ng/zone for honokiol, respectively. None of the two targeted neolignans were detected in two of the six analyzed supplements. In the other four samples, the measured amounts were between 0.95-114.69 mg g −1 for magnolol and 4.88-84.86 mg g −1 for honokiol. Moreover, separations of these two neolignans on the TLC and high-performance TLC (HPTLC) layers were compared and HPTLC was combined with antioxidant (DPPH) and antibacterial ( Bacillus subtilis and Aliivibrio fischeri ) assays and mass spectrometry (MS), using the elution-based interface. Both magnolol and honokiol exhibited effects in all bioactivity assays. The HPTLC-MS tests confirmed purity of neolignan zones in the extracts of dietary supplements and supported tentative identification of the alkaloid piperine and the isoflavone daidzein as additional bioactive components of the investigated dietary supplements. Using the same mobile phase in the orthogonal directions 2D-HPTLC-MS experiments proved degradation, i.e., instability of magnolol and honokiol on the silica gel adsorbent

A Novel Method of Image Segmentation in Intravascular Ultrasound

Abstract The aim of this study is to present a novel segmentation method of the intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) images. The clinical IVUS system was used to acquire in vitro images of the renal arteries taken from autopsy. The laboratory system was constructed to mimic blood pressure variation ex-vivo. A modified threshold method was developed for automatic determination of inner and outer contours the vessel wall. Additional correction was introduced to account for catheter movement during image acquisition. The Langewouster's model was applied to verify vessel geometry determination. The usefulness of the proposed method in the clinical practice is demonstrated using clinical cases

Sociocultural predictors of obligatory exercise in young men: A Polish-Chinese comparison

BackgroundObligatory exercise has been shown to have negative physical and mental effects on exercisers and is more prevalent among young people. However, there is limited research on obligatory exercise among young men. Social comparison theory offers a novel perspective to explore the relationship between sociocultural factors and obligatory exercise among young men, which offers an opportunity to understand potential factors contributing to obligatory exercise among young men across different cultures.MethodWe recruited a purposive sample of young people aged 18-30 from Poland (n=79) and China (n=194). Participants completed self-report measures including the Sociocultural Attitudes Toward Appearance Questionnaire3, Inventory of Physical Activity Objectives, and Obligatory Exercise Questionnaire. In the data analysis stage, we examined the strength of the relationships between the independent variables and the dependent variable through multiple regression analysis, and tested the role of the mediating variables.ResultsThe main analyses revealed that Internalization-Athlete was a common direct predictor of obligatory exercise for both Polish and Chinese young men; that there were direct sociocultural predictors of obligatory exercise that were only used in relation to Polish or Chinese young men; and that social adaptation goals for motivation for physical activity mediated the development of obligatory exercise for Polish and Chinese young men, and that there were cross-cultural differences.ConclusionAttention should be paid to their attitudes towards the idea of a muscular and athletic body and socially adapted physical activity motivations when understanding young men’s obligatory exercise, while also considering cross-cultural differences