Comparative study of 24-hour urinary protein and spot urine protein creatinine ratio in pre-eclamptic women

Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate the ability of the random urine P/C ratio to predict significant proteinuria, as well as to introduce a diagnostic test for pre-eclampsia which will avoid the inconvenience and time consumption of 24-hour urine protein collection. The objective of this study was to compare spot urine protein- creatinine ratio with 24-hour urine protein for estimation of proteinuria in pre-eclampsia.Methods: A total of 50 pregnant women with pre-eclampsia were prospectively studied for proteinuria in Rajarajeswari medical college and Hospital Bangalore for a period of 9 months from September 2018 to May 2019. Spot urine specimens for measuring P/C ratio were obtained immediately before 24-hour urine collection. The correlation between the spot urine P/C ratio and urinary protein excretion in the 24-hour collections was examined using the Spearman correlation test.Results: PCR at a cut off value 0.15 g/mmol had sensitivity and specificity of 96.6% and 55% respectively. In prediction of proteinuria of 300 mg/24 hr positive predictive value and negative predictive value 76.3% and 91.6% respectively.Conclusions: We found that there was a strong correlation between 24-hour urine protein excretion and spot urine protein creatinine ratio in pre-eclamptic women. Spot PCR can be used as a reasonable alternative to 24-hour urine protein test which is a cumbersome

Comparative economics of rural and periurban dairy farming in Kalaburagi district of Karnataka

Cost of milk production is an important economic indicator in assessing the farm household efficiency in milk production as well as basis for price fixation. The study was undertaken to analyse the cost and returns of milk production in rural and periurban dairy farms of Kalaburagi district of Karnataka. The per day maintenance cost in periurban dairy farms (` 150.64) was highest compared to rural dairy farms (` 91.29)for local cows, crossbred cows and buffaloes. Among total maintenance costs of periurban dairy farming, feed and fodder costs accounted major share (73.49%) followed by labour cost (15.53%) and total fixed cost (7.73%). The return per litre of milk was highest (` 8.91) for crossbred cows followed by buffalo (` 4.82) and local cows (` 0.14). The net return from crossbred cow was more than that of buffalo and local cows indicating higher profitability in rearing crossbred cow in the study area

Clinical and Metabolic Profile of Diabetes Mellitus in Children – One Year Cross-Sectional Study

Present study was aimed to study clinical presentations, metabolic profile, growth profile, type and prevalence of complications among the diabetic children. This Cross-sectional study was conducted among the 34 patients attending and admitted in our Hospital and District Hospital, Belgaum during the period of April – 04 to March -05. Patients with age less than 18 years and fasting blood sugar more than 126 mg/dl or random blood sugar more 200 mg/dl were included in the study. Patients with age more than 18 years were excluded from the study. All children attending our Hospital & M.R.C and District Hospital, Belgaum who are already diagnosed as Diabetes Mellitus were studied using a pre-designed and pre-tested proforma. Information was collected from the patient or attender or relative about sociodemographic profile, dietary intake and treatment history. In the present study 44.12% had onset of diabetes mellitus at 10 to 14 years age group with male to female ratio of 1.26:1. 20.51% had family history of diabetes and majority (41.18%) were from poor socio economic status. 73.33% were short statured in diabetic duration of more than one year and 31.57% in less than 1 year indicating growth deceleration. No children were obese and taller than the expected age group. 52.94% had poor glycemic control and was not influenced by duration of treatment as non compliance rates were high in the study. Majority presented with classical symptoms of polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia and diabetic ketoacidosis as initial presentation. 50% had recurrent hospitalization in diabetic duration of more than 1 year. Negligible incidence of chronic complication was noted in the present study

Performance analysis of cooperative sugar factories in north-eastern Karnataka

The study was attempted to measure the economic performance of cooperative sugar factories in terms of total costs and returns, capacity utilization, physical and financial indicators and ratio analysis of the factories. In this study the three cooperative sugar factories are taken into consideration and the Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) for all the physical and financial indicators are worked out wherein the results suggested that a significant variation in the total cost and returns, capacity utilization and both physical and financial indicators over years within the three sugar factories was found. Further, the study revealed enough evidence about the financial ratios, which in turn showed the economic potentiality of the respective sugar factories. For the better performance of the factories an efficient planning and automation well before the start of the season is necessary and the government should come forward to help the farmers in making the cane bill payment at an early stage by the factories, by extending the financial assistance

Seismology of the Sun : Inference of Thermal, Dynamic and Magnetic Field Structures of the Interior

Recent overwhelming evidences show that the sun strongly influences the Earth's climate and environment. Moreover existence of life on this Earth mainly depends upon the sun's energy. Hence, understanding of physics of the sun, especially the thermal, dynamic and magnetic field structures of its interior, is very important. Recently, from the ground and space based observations, it is discovered that sun oscillates near 5 min periodicity in millions of modes. This discovery heralded a new era in solar physics and a separate branch called helioseismology or seismology of the sun has started. Before the advent of helioseismology, sun's thermal structure of the interior was understood from the evolutionary solution of stellar structure equations that mimicked the present age, mass and radius of the sun. Whereas solution of MHD equations yielded internal dynamics and magnetic field structure of the sun's interior. In this presentation, I review the thermal, dynamic and magnetic field structures of the sun's interior as inferred by the helioseismology.Comment: To be published in the proceedings of the meeting "3rd International Conference on Current Developments in Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Nano Physics with Applications", December 14-16, 2011, New Delhi, Indi

Knowledge, attitude and behaviour regarding self-care practices among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients residing in an urban area of South India

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a major health problem in India with individual, social and economical consequences. Knowledge, attitude and practice surveys are effective in providing baseline for evaluating intervention programmes. This study was conducted with the aim to know the level of awareness about type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methodology: A cross sectional study conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude and behaviour (KAB) among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. KAB questionnaire was used to collect data. Results: Out of 1058 patients 992 patients were included for the analysis, rest were excluded due to various reasons. 43.15% were males. Mean age of patients was 55.82 ± 10.2 years. Mean duration of diabetes was 10.2 ± 6.8 years. The mean knowledge score was 4.94, attitude score was 6.29 and behavior score was 1.64. Nearly 38.5% knew definition and types of diabetes. Majority of the participants believed they can control the disease. Dietary modification and exercise among the interviewed subjects was poor.  Conclusion: Results revealed good attitude but poor knowledge and practices (behaviour) towards diabetes. We concluded that there is a need for structured programmes to improve attitude and practices of diabetic patients to promote better compliance towards diet, exercise and drug regimen

Acute necrotizing encephalopathy in a young adult with EBV and COVID19 co-infection: A case report

Clinical history: A 22yr old female came with complaints of fever and altered sensorium since 2 days. Serology showed positive for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and COVID-19 IgG antibodies. Laboratory investigations revealed elevated total counts & inflammatory markers

Sustainable utilization of discarded foundry sand and crushed brick masonry aggregate in the production of lightweight concrete

Nowadays, there is a considerable shortage in the availability of river sand and natural stone aggregate for the construction activities all around the globe and the way out is being worked out by the use of discarded foundry sand and crushed brick masonry aggregate for construction purposes. In the present study, river sand was partly replaced by the discarded foundry sand procured from steel moulding industries and the crushed brick masonry aggregate was used as coarse aggregate for the production of lightweight concrete. The experimental program involved casting of six distinct mixes with 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% & 100% replacement of fine aggregate by discarded foundry sand. The mechanical and durability properties of the lightweight concrete were assessed for each of the six diverse blends. Even though the 80% and 100% replacement mixes were found to be less dense than the rest of the mix, the blend of 40% replacement acquired desirable mechanical and durability properties when compared to that of all other mixes. The optimum replacement level of the discarded foundry sand by mass to the river sand was 40%. The lightweight concrete produced by utilizing crushed brick masonry aggregate and discarded foundry sand (40% substitution level) can be employed in all major structural lightweight construction aspects and is ideally suited for sloped roof slabs and making architectural or decorative concrete blocks

Diabetes mellitus and smoking among tuberculosis patients in a tertiary care centre in Karnataka, India

Supported by the TB Union/MSF Course on Operational Researc