Answer to the comment of Chudnovsky: On the square-root time relaxation in molecular nanomagnets

Answer to the comment of E. Chudnovsky concerning the following papers: (1) N.V. Prokof'ev, P.C.E. Stamp, Phys. Rev. Lett.80, 5794 (1998). (2) W. Wernsdorfer, T. Ohm, C. Sangregorio, R. Sessoli, D. Mailly, C. Paulsen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 3903 (1999).Comment: 1 page

Discovery of VHE and HE emission from the blazar 1ES 0414+009 with H.E.S.S and Fermi-LAT

The high energy peaked BL Lac (HBL) object 1ES 0414+009 (z=0.287) is a distant very high-energy (VHE, E > 100 GeV) blazars with well-determined redshift. This source was detected with the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) between October 2005 and September 2009. It was also detected with the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) in 21 months of data. The combined high energy (HE) and VHE spectra, once corrected for gamma-gamma absorption on the extragalactic background light (EBL), indicate a Compton peak located above few TeV, among the highest in the BL Lac class.Comment: proceeding from the 25th Texas Symposium on Relativistic Astrophysics (Heidelberg, Germany, 2010

H.E.S.S. deeper observations on SNR RX J0852.0-4622

Supernova Remnants (SNRs) are believed to be acceleration sites of Galactic cosmic rays. Therefore, deep studies of these objects are instrumental for an understanding of the high energy processes in our Galaxy. RX J0852.0-4622, also known as Vela Junior, is one of the few (4) shell-type SNRs resolved at Very High Energies (VHE; E > 100 GeV). It is one of the largest known VHE sources (~ 1.0 deg radius) and its flux level is comparable to the flux level of the Crab Nebula in the same energy band. These characteristics allow for a detailed analysis, shedding further light on the high-energy processes taking place in the remnant. In this document we present further details on the spatial and spectral morphology derived with an extended data set. The analysis of the spectral morphology of the remnant is compatible with a constant power-law photon index of 2.11 +/- 0.05_stat +/- 0.20_syst from the whole SNR in the energy range from 0.5 TeV to 7 TeV. The analysis of the spatial morphology shows an enhanced emission towards the direction of the pulsar PSR J0855-4644, however as the pulsar is lying on the rim of the SNR, it is difficult to disentangle both contributions. Therefore, assuming a point source, the upper limit on the flux of the pulsar wind nebula (PWN) between 1 TeV and 10 TeV, is estimated to be ~ 2% of the Crab Nebula flux in the same energy range

Where the Wappetaw Independent Congregational Church Stood... , Archaeological Testing at 38CH1682, Charleston County, SC

This report presents the results of limited archaeological testing at Wappetaw Independent Church (38CHI682), Charleston County, South Carolina. Wappetaw was founded by a group of 51 Congregationalist emigrants from New England, who arrived in the Carolinas around 1696. The primary focus of documentary research for this project was the earliest years of settlement; settlement patterning and motivations for immigration are examined. Archaeologically, remains of the last church to occupy the site (ca. 1783-1897) were securely identified, and a tentative reconstruction of the foundation of this structure is provided. Evidence of earlier structures was also encountered, and indicates that at least one earlier church stood on the property. Archaeological evidence confirms documentary data that this earlier church was occupied by British forces during the American Revolution, and tends to confirm that it was burned at the time of their departure.https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/archanth_books/1200/thumbnail.jp

Development of phosphatase and dehydrogenase activities in soils of annual cropland and permanent grassland in an organic farm

The essential nature of Phosphorus (P) in plant growth and the finite amount of P resources have result in the question: what kind of management in farming systems can lead to P sufficiency in organic farming? The release of acid and alkaline phosphatases of plant and microbes promote the plant availability of soil P. The presented results show a significant higher enzyme activity at permanent grassland (PG) than at arable land with annual crops at an organic farm in Northern Germany. Therefore livestock systems with PG for grazing ruminants seem to have high potential to improve on-farm P-cycles via feed and manure flows even to annual cropland. These systems can profit from the nutrient transfer from PG to arable land through the use of manures. Enhance the soil-plant P cycle by better use of P sources with low availability from PG could be component of sufficiency P management in organic and also conventional production

Effect of dipolar interactions on the magnetization of a cubic array of nanomagnets

We investigated the effect of intermolecular dipolar interactions on a cubic 3D ensemble of 5X5X4=100 nanomagnets, each with spin $S = 5$. We employed the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation to solve for the magnetization $M(B)$ curves for several values of the damping constant $\alpha$, the induction sweep rate, the lattice constant $a$, the temperature $T$, and the magnetic anisotropy field $H_A$. We find that the smaller the $\alpha$, the stronger the maximum induction required to produce hysteresis. The shape of the hysteresis loops also depends on the damping constant. We find further that the system magnetizes and demagnetizes at decreasing magnetic field strengths with decreasing sweep rates, resulting in smaller hysteresis loops. Variations of $a$ within realistic values (1.5 nm - 2.5 nm) show that the dipolar interaction plays an important role in the magnetic hysteresis by controlling the relaxation process. The $T$ dependencies of $\alpha$ and of $M$ are presented and discussed with regard to recent experimental data on nanomagnets. $H_A$ enhances the size of the hysteresis loops for external fields parallel to the anisotropy axis, but decreases it for perpendicular external fields. Finally, we reproduce and test an $M(B)$ curve for a 2D-system [M. Kayali and W. Saslow, Phys. Rev. B {\bf 70}, 174404 (2004)]. We show that its hysteretic behavior is only weakly dependent on the shape anisotropy field and the sweep rate, but depends sensitively upon the dipolar interactions. Although in 3D systems, dipole-dipole interactions generally diminish the hysteresis, in 2D systems, they strongly enhance it. For both square 2D and rectangular 3D lattices with ${\bm B}||(\hat{\bm x}+\hat{\bm y})$, dipole-dipole interactions can cause large jumps in the magnetization.Comment: 15 pages 14 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.