Degradation Kinetics of Lignocellulolytic Enzymes in a Biogas Reactor Using Quantitative Mass Spectrometry

The supplementation of lignocellulose-degrading enzymes can be used to enhance the performance of biogas production in industrial biogas plants. Since the structural stability of these enzyme preparations is essential for efficient application, reliable methods for the assessment of enzyme stability are crucial. Here, a mass-spectrometric-based assay was established to monitor the structural stability of enzymes, i.e., the structural integrity of these proteins, in anaerobic digestion (AD). The analysis of extracts of Lentinula edodes revealed the rapid degradation of lignocellulose-degrading enzymes, with an approximate half-life of 1.5 h. The observed low structural stability of lignocellulose-degrading enzymes in AD corresponded with previous results obtained for biogas content. The established workflow can be easily adapted for the monitoring of other enzyme formulations and provides a platform for evaluating the effects of enzyme additions in AD, together with a characterization of the biochemical methane potential used in order to determine the biodegradability of organic substrates

Is it necessary to use a current state controller in a pulse width modulated ac drive?

Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden verschiedene Methoden für den Entwurf eines Stromreglers für pulsweitenmoduliert betriebene Drehstromantriebe beschrieben und miteinander verglichen. In den Vergleich eingeschlossen sind sowohl zeitkontinuierlich entworfene PI-Regler mit klassischer Entkopplung als auch zeitdiskret entworfene PI-Regler mit weiterentwickelter Entkopplung und zeitdiskret entworfene Zustandsregler. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf der Entkopplung der d- und q-Komponente des Statorstromraumzeigers, auch bei hoher Statorfrequenz oder geringer Schaltfrequenz. Es wird gezeigt, dass die Heranziehung von zeitdiskreten Motormodellen und ein darauf basierender Reglerentwurf mit größer werdendem Quotient aus Statorfrequenz und Schaltfrequenz zunehmend Vorteile bietet.In this paper several methods for designing a current controller for ac drives are presented and compared to. The main focus of the comparison is the decoupling level of the d- and q-components of the stator current space vector. It will be shown that the best approach is to create a time-discrete motor model and base the control algorithm on it. The article enters additionally into the question, if a current state controller is necessary or not

Investigating excitonic physics in two-dimensional semiconductors by coherent two-dimensional microscopy

© 2020 OSA - The Optical Society. All rights reserved. Excitonic interactions determine the photoelectric properties of two-dimensional semiconductors. By using spatially resolved coherent two-dimensional micro-spectroscopy, we are able to determine the strength of exciton-phonon coupling in single-layer MoSe2 at room temperature

Exciton–phonon coupling strength in single-layer MoSe<inf>2</inf> at room temperature

Single-layer transition metal dichalcogenides are at the center of an ever increasing research effort both in terms of fundamental physics and applications. Exciton–phonon coupling plays a key role in determining the (opto)electronic properties of these materials. However, the exciton–phonon coupling strength has not been measured at room temperature. Here, we use two-dimensional micro-spectroscopy to determine exciton–phonon coupling of single-layer MoSe2. We detect beating signals as a function of waiting time induced by the coupling between A excitons and A′1 optical phonons. Analysis of beating maps combined with simulations provides the exciton–phonon coupling. We get a Huang–Rhys factor ~1, larger than in most other inorganic semiconductor nanostructures. Our technique offers a unique tool to measure exciton–phonon coupling also in other heterogeneous semiconducting systems, with a spatial resolution ~260 nm, and provides design-relevant parameters for the development of optoelectronic devices