Low-temperature properties of the heavy-fermion system U Cd

We present electrical-resistivity, magnetic-susceptibility, specific-heat, and thermal-expansion data for UCd11. The low-temperature specific heat indicates that the electronic subsystem has a highly enhanced specific heat which is partially removed by a phase transition at 5.0 K. © 1984 The American Physical Society

Maternal antiretrovirals and hepatic enzyme, Hematologic abnormalities among human immunodeficiency virus type 1-uninfected infants - the NISDI perinatal study

Objectives: To assess hepatic enzyme (HE) and hematologic abnormalities among human immunodeficiency virus-1-uninfected infants according to maternal antiretroviral regimen during pregnancy.Study Design: in a prospective cohort, HE and hematologic values of human immunodeficiency virus-1-uninfected, term infants with hospital discharge (HD) within 6 days after birth were evaluated. Maternal antiretroviral regimens were categorized as: 1 or 2 nucleoside reverse transcription inhibitors (NRTIs), highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)/protease inhibitor (PI), or HAART/non-NRTI.Results: Among 503 infants, 63% and 24% had HE and hemoglobin abnormalities, respectively, at HD. Most or all HE and hemoglobin abnormalities (96-100%) were grade 1 or 2. At HD, infants with maternal HAART/PI or HAART/non-NRTI were more likely to have elevated HE [adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 1.9, 2.4, respectively] compared with infants whose mothers received 1 or 2 NRTIs. Infants with maternal HAART/PI were less likely to have abnormal hemoglobin values at HD (AOR, 0.5) when compared with those whose mothers received 1 or 2 NRTIs. Persistently abnormal hemoglobin and HE values decreased with time, such that <10% of infants had abnormalities at 6 months of age.Conclusions: Maternal receipt of HAART regimens was associated with an increased risk of HE abnormalities, and maternal HAART/PI was associated with a lower risk of abnormal hemoglobin values, at HD. Abnormalities of HE and hemoglobin were generally mild and transient.WESTAT Corp, Rockville, MD 20850 USAUniv São Paulo, Dept Pediat, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Pediat, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Pediat, São Paulo, BrazilNa Sa Conceicao Hosp, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilNICHD, NIH, Dept Pediat Adolescent & Mat, AIDS Branch, Bethesda, MD USAUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Pediat, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Lower respiratory tract infections among human immunodeficiency virus-exposed, uninfected infants

Objectives: To evaluate whether maternal HIV disease severity during pregnancy is associated with an increased likelihood of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in HIV-exposed, uninfected infants. Methods: HIV-exposed, uninfected, singleton, term infants enrolled in the NISDI Perinatal Study, with birth weight >2500 g were followed from birth until 6 months of age. LRTI diagnoses, hospitalizations, and associated factors were assessed. Results: Of 547 infants, 103 (18.8%) experienced 116 episodes of LRTI (incidence = 0.84 LRTIs/100 child-weeks). Most (81%) episodes were bronchiolitis. Forty-nine (9.0%) infants were hospitalized at least once with an LRTI. There were 53 hospitalizations (45.7%) for 116 LRTI episodes. None of these infants were breastfed. The odds of LRTI in infants whose mothers had CD4% <14 at enrollment were 4.4 times those of infants whose mothers had CD4% >= 29 (p = 0.003). The odds of LRTI in infants with a CD4+ count (cells/ mm(3)) <750 at hospital discharge were 16.0 times those of infants with CD4+ >= 750 (p = 0.002). Maternal CD4+ decline and infant hemoglobin at the 6-12 week visit were associated with infant LRTIs after 6-12 weeks and before 6 months of age. Conclusions: Acute bronchiolitis is common and frequently severe among HIV-exposed, uninfected infants aged 6 months or less. Lower maternal and infant CD4+ values were associated with a higher risk of infant LRTIs. Further understanding of the immunological mechanisms of severe LRTIs is needed. (C) 2010 International Society for Infectious Diseases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.NICHD[N01-HD-3-3345]NICHD[HHSN267200800001C]NICHD[N01-DK-8-0001

Missed opportunities for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in the NISDI Perinatal and LILAC cohorts

Presentes no NISDI Perinatal: Beatriz Grinsztejn; Valdiléa Veloso (Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em DST/AIDS. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil).Submitted by Fábio Marques ([email protected]) on 2018-11-07T17:49:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Missed opportunities for prevention_Beatriz_Grinsztejn_INI_LapClin-AIDS_2012.pdf: 93703 bytes, checksum: 255b016f6919f81ff71e5fdecdb0aee8 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Regina Costa ([email protected]) on 2018-11-16T15:14:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Missed opportunities for prevention_Beatriz_Grinsztejn_INI_LapClin-AIDS_2012.pdf: 93703 bytes, checksum: 255b016f6919f81ff71e5fdecdb0aee8 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-16T15:14:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Missed opportunities for prevention_Beatriz_Grinsztejn_INI_LapClin-AIDS_2012.pdf: 93703 bytes, checksum: 255b016f6919f81ff71e5fdecdb0aee8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012Pediatric, Adolescent, and Maternal AIDS Branch, CRMC, NICHD, NIH, DHHS. Bethesda, USA.Westat. Rockville, Maryland, USA.Westat. Rockville, Maryland, USA.Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Hospital Clementino Fraga. Serviço de Doenças Infecciosas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto. Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil.Hospital Dra. Cecilia Grierson. Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Buenos Aires, Argentina.Nossa Senhora da Conceição Hospital. Serviço de Doenças Infecciosas. Porto Alegre, Brasil.Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Faculdade Paulista de Medicina. Departamento de Pediatria. São Paulo, Brasil.Hospital Geral de Nova Iguaçu. HIV Family Care Clinic./ Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de AIDS e Imunologia Molecular. Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. D.A. Instituto Carrión de Medicina Tropical. Sección de Epidemiología. Lima, Perú.Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericordia de Porto Alegre. Porto Alegre, Brasil.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate cases of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 at multiple sites in Latin America and the Caribbean in terms of missed opportunities for prevention. METHODS: Pregnant women infected with HIV-1 were eligible for inclusion if they were enrolled in either the NISDI Perinatal or LILAC protocols by October 20, 2009, and had delivered a live infant with known HIV-1 infection status after March 1, 2006. RESULTS: Of 711 eligible mothers, 10 delivered infants infected with HIV-1. The transmission rate was 1.4% (95% CI, 0.7-2.6). Timing of transmission was in utero or intrapartum (n=5), intrapartum (n=2), intrapartum or early postnatal (n=1), and unknown (n=2). Possible missed opportunities for prevention included poor control of maternal viral load during pregnancy; late initiation of antiretrovirals during pregnancy; lack of cesarean delivery before labor and before rupture of membranes; late diagnosis of HIV-1 infection; lack of intrapartum antiretrovirals; and incomplete avoidance of breastfeeding. CONCLUSION: Early knowledge of HIV-1 infection status (ideally before or in early pregnancy) would aid timely initiation of antiretroviral treatment and strategies designed to prevent mother-to-child transmission. Use of antiretrovirals must be appropriately monitored in terms of adherence and drug resistance. If feasible, breastfeeding should be completely avoided. Presented in part at the XIX International AIDS Conference (Washington, DC; July 22-27, 2012); abstract WEPE163

Undervaccination of Perinatally HIV-infected and HIV-exposed Uninfected Children in Latin America and the Caribbean

Background: Perinatally HIV-infected (PHIV) children may be at risk of undervaccination. Vaccination coverage rates among PHIV and HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) children in Latin America and the Caribbean were compared.Methods: All PHIV and HEU children born from 2002 to 2007 who were enrolled in a multisite observational study conducted in Latin America and the Caribbean were included in this analysis. Children were classified as up to date if they had received the recommended number of doses of each vaccine at the appropriate intervals by 12 and 24 months of age. Fisher's exact test was used to analyze the data. Covariates potentially associated with a child's HIV status were considered in multivariable logistic regression modeling.Results: of 1156 eligible children, 768 (66.4%) were HEU and 388 (33.6%) were PHIV. HEU children were significantly (P < 0.01) more likely to be up to date by 12 and 24 months of age for all vaccines examined. Statistically significant differences persisted when the analyses were limited to children enrolled before 12 months of age. Controlling for birth weight, sex, primary caregiver education and any use of tobacco, alcohol or illegal drugs during pregnancy did not contribute significantly to the logistic regression models.Conclusions: PHIV children were significantly less likely than HEU children to be up to date for their childhood vaccinations at 12 and 24 months of age, even when limited to children enrolled before 12 months of age. Strategies to increase vaccination rates in PHIV are needed.NICHDUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, Escola Paulista Med, São Paulo, BrazilWestat Corp, Rockville, MD USAUniv São Paulo, Fac Med Ribeirao Preto, BR-14049 Ribeirao Preto, BrazilHosp Infantil Mexico Dr Federico Gomez, Depto Infectol, Clin Inmunodeficiencias, Mexico City, DF, MexicoUniv W Indies, Dept Child & Adolescent Hlth, Kingston, JamaicaNatl Univ San Marcos Lima, Natl Inst Child Hlth, Lima, PeruNatl Univ San Marcos Lima, Fac Med, Lima, PeruHosp Fed Servidores Estado, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilUniv Buenos Aires, Fac Med, Buenos Aires, DF, ArgentinaEunice Kennedy Shriver Natl Inst Child Hlth & Hum, Maternal & Pediat Infect Dis Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USAUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, Escola Paulista Med, São Paulo, BrazilNICHD: N01-HD-3-3345NICHD: HHSN267200800001CNICHD: N01-HD-8-0001Web of Scienc

Evaluation of Viral Load Thresholds for Predicting New World Health Organization Stage 3 and 4 Events in HIV-Infected Children Receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

Background: This study evaluated a wide range of viral load (VL) thresholds to identify a cut-point that best predicts new clinical events in children on stable highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).Methods: Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to assess the adjusted risk for World Health Organization stage 3 or 4 clinical events (WHO events) as a function of time-varying CD4, VL, and hemoglobin values in a cohort study of Latin American children on HAART >= 6 months. Models were fit using different VL cut-points between 400 and 50,000 copies per milliliter, with model fit evaluated on the basis of the minimum Akaike information criterion value, a standard model fit statistic.Results: Models were based on 67 subjects with WHO events out of 550 subjects on study. the VL cut-points of >2600 and >32,000 copies per milliliter corresponded to the lowest Akaike information criterion values and were associated with the highest hazard ratios (2.0, P = 0.015; and 2.1, P = 0.0058, respectively) for WHO events.Conclusions: in HIV-infected Latin American children on stable HAART, 2 distinct VL thresholds (>2600 and >32,000 copies/mL) were identified for predicting children at significantly increased risk for HIV-related clinical illness, after accounting for CD4 level, hemoglobin level, and other significant factors.National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)Eunice Kennedy Shriver Natl Inst Child Hlth & Hum, Pediat Adolescent & Maternal AIDS Brach, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USAWestat Corp, Rockville, MD USAUniv Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Puericultura & Pediat Martagao Gesteira, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Fac Med Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Fac Med São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilInst Infectol Emilio Ribas, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilNational Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD): N01-HD-3-3345National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD): HHSN267200800001CNational Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD): N01-HD-8-0001Web of Scienc

Viral Load Predicts New World Health Organization Stage 3 and 4 Events in HIV-Infected Children Receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy, Independent of CD4 T Lymphocyte Value

Background. Many resource-limited countries rely on clinical and immunological monitoring without routine virological monitoring for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). We assessed whether HIV load had independent predictive value in the presence of immunological and clinical data for the occurrence of new World Health Organization (WHO) stage 3 or 4 events (hereafter, WHO events) among HIV-infected children receiving HAART in Latin America