PENILAIAN RISIKO KESEHATAN PAJANAN PELARUT ORGANIK MEK DENGAN METODE SQRA PADA PEKERJA INDUSTRI ALAS KAKI PT. X

Pekerja di pabrik pembuatan sepatu di negara berkembang setiap hari terpapar campuran kompleks pelarut organic. Proses produksi pembuatan sepatu dimulai dengan proses memotong, mengelem, menjahit, mewarnai dan melapisi sepatu. Risiko terbesar terhadap toksisitas akibat kerja terdapat dalam proses pengeleman karena adanya pajanan pelarut organik. Salah satu pelarut organik yang sering digunakan di pabrik pembuatan sepatu salah satunya adalah metil etil keton (MEK). Paparan bahan kimia metil etil keton di tempat kerja dapat menimbulkan bahaya Kesehatan, penilaian risiko Kesehatan melalui inhalasi menggunakan metode SQRA Singapura diperlukan untuk menilai jumlah risiko paparan bahan kimia terhadap kesehatan pekerja di PT. X. The German Q18 Questionnaire merupakan kuisioner yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data keluhan kesehatan pekerja PT.X terhadap gejala neurotoksik. Informasi tentang bahan kimia dari website Pubchem serta Echa Europe digunakan untuk menentukan tingkat bahaya. Adapun tingkat pajanan didapatkan dari faktor pajanan dan indeks pajanan, data tersebut diperuntukan untuk penetapan tingkat risiko. Tingkat pajanan dari Metil etil keton  (MEK) adalah 3,1 dan memiliki tingkat risiko 3 (risiko moderat). Sebanyak 33,3% (3 responden) memiliki gejala neurotoksik positif dan 66,7% (6 responden) lainnya memiliki gejala neurotoksik negatif

SISTEM IJTIHA DALAM HUKUM ISLAM (Metodologi Pembaruan Ibnu Taimiyah)

This article explores the ijtihad system in Islamic law with special reference to ibn Taimiyah’s reform method. This study reveals that ibn Taimiyah is one of proponents of reform in ijtihad methodology. In this methodology, he frequently follows the line of Hanbalite system, and neglects three other systems, Hanafite, Malikite, and Syafi’ite. He even produces some works according to his own methodology. Ibn Taimiyah lays so much emphasis on the application of ijtihad methodology based on Qur’an and Sunnah, yet does not neglect ijma’, qiyas, and maslahah mursalah, with strict requirement. He is different from Abu Hanifah who emphasizes the application of istihsan and ‘urf, from Malik who emphasizes maslahah mursalah, and from Syafi’i who prefers the istidlal methodology. Actually, ibn Taimiyah appreciates the rational faculty in analizing the texts (nash). According to him, the usage of rational reasoning makes Islamic law logical. In comprehending religious truth, especially related to natural phenomena and social life, ibn Taimiyah is an empiricist and rationalist. This in turn endorses the scientific experiment and direct observation

Penerapan Model Penemuan Terbimbing Dalam Meningkatkan Aktivitas Dan Hasil Belajar IPA Siswa Kelas VIII Mtsn Sigli Pada Konsep Cahaya Dan Mata

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan model pembelajaran penemuan terbimbing pada materi cahaya dan mata terhadap peningkatan aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa MTsN Sigli. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pre-experimental desighn, dengan desain penelitian one group pretest posttest design. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIII MTsN Sigli Tahun Pelajaran 2013/2014. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara pasti melalui teknik purposive sampling satu kelas. Dari hasil uji kolmogorov-smirnov dengan menggunakan SPSS 17 diperoleh bahwa sabjek penelitian terdistribusi normal dan homogen. Berdasarkan hasil uji-t Paired Samples Test diperoleh thitung -14.26, sedangkan untuk ttabel pada taraf signifikan α = 5% (0,05) dengan derajat kebebasan (df) n-1 atau 34-1 = 33. Pengujian 2 sisi ( signifikansi = 0,025) hasil diperoleh untuk ttabel pada 2,042 dengan taraf signifikan 0,025. Didapatkan hasil –thitung<-ttabel (-14,26<-2,042) maka H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran penemuan terbimbing dapat meningkatkan penguasaan konsep siswa pada konsep cahaya dan mata di kelas VIII MTsN Sigli

Secondary Hyperparathyroidism in chronic kidney disease patients; current knowledge

When renal function diminishes, secondary hyperparathyroidism with develop in response to worsening of kidney function and declined phosphate excretion (1). Dysregulation of phosphorous and calcium homeostasis leads to decreased kidney phosphate excretion, raised serum phosphorous, reduced synthesis of calcitriol, and elevated levels of the phosphatonin fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23)(2-4). These alterations result in parathyroid hyperplasia and enhanced synthesis and secretion of parathyroid hormone

Close association of arterial plaques with left ventricular hypertrophy and ejection fraction in hemodialysis patients.

Introduction: In renal failure patients, cardiovascular complications are a major clinical problem. Objectives: This study aimed to test, the possible association of left ventricular hypertrophy and ejection fraction with plaques of carotid and femoral artery hemodialysis. Patients and Methods: Sixty-one patients, who were on regular hemodialysis were selected. For all patients echocardiography and B-mode Ultrsonographic assessment of carotid-femoral arteries for plaque occurrence were conducted. Results: In this study there was a positive correlation between left ventricular hypertrophy with the duration of hemodialysis treatment (p<0.05). Significant positive association between left ventricular hypertrophy and plaque score and also a significant positive association between left ventricular hypertrophy with presence of chest pain was found (p<0.05). Association of diabetes mellitus with the presence of chest pain was positive. Positive correlation between hypertension with plaque score was demonstrated too (p<0.05). Also an inverse association of plaque score with left ventricular ejection fraction was detected too (p<0.05). Furthermore, the correlation of plaque score with the presence of diabetes mellitus was positive. Conclusion: The present investigations, documents parallel cardiac and vascular adaptation in hemodialysis patients and shows the potential contribution of structural and functional large artery alteration to the pathogenesis of left ventricular hypertrophy which needs more attention in patients on hemodialysis

Electroweak Phase Transition in the U(1)' MSSM

In this work, we have investigated the nature of the electroweak phase transition in the U(1) extended minimal supersymmetric standard model without introducing any exotic fields. The effective potential has been estimated exactly at finite temperature taking into account the whole particle spectrum. For reasonable values of the lightest Higgs and neutralino, we found that the electroweak phase transition could be strongly first order due to: (1) the interactions of the singlet with the doublets in the effective potential, and (2) the evolution of the wrong vacuum that delays the transition.Comment: substantial changes, references added, 18 pages, 4 figure

The U(1) symmetry of the non-tribimaximal pattern in the degenerate mass spectrum case of the neutrino mass matrix

On account of the new neutrino oscillation data signalling a non-zero value for the smallest mixing angle ($\theta_z$), we present an explicit realization of the underlying U(1) symmetry characterizing the maximal atmospheric mixing angle ($\theta_y = \pi / 4$) pattern with two degenerate masses but now with generic values of $\theta_z$. We study the effects of the form invariance with respect to U(1), and/or $Z_3$, $Z_2$ subgroups, on the Yukawa couplings and the mass terms. Later on, we specify $\theta_z$ to its experimental best fit value ($\sim 8^o$), and impose the symmetry in an entire model which includes charged leptons, and many Higgs doublets or standard model singlet heavy scalars, to show that it can make room for the charged lepton mass hierarchies. In addition, we show for the non-tribimaximal value of $\theta_z \neq 0$ within type-I seesaw mechanism enhanced with flavor symmetry that neutrino mass hierarchies can be generated. Furthermore, lepton/baryogenesis can be interpreted via type-II seesaw mechanism within a setup meeting the flavor U(1)-symmetry.Comment: latex, 1 table, 20 pages. Typos are corrected, shortened version to appear in Phys. Rev.