4,444 research outputs found
MODLEACH: A Variant of LEACH for WSNs
Wireless sensor networks are appearing as an emerging need for mankind.
Though, Such networks are still in research phase however, they have high
potential to be applied in almost every field of life. Lots of research is done
and a lot more is awaiting to be standardized. In this work, cluster based
routing in wireless sensor networks is studied precisely. Further, we modify
one of the most prominent wireless sensor network's routing protocol "LEACH" as
modified LEACH (MODLEACH) by introducing \emph{efficient cluster head
replacement scheme} and \emph{dual transmitting power levels}. Our modified
LEACH, in comparison with LEACH out performs it using metrics of cluster head
formation, through put and network life. Afterwards, hard and soft thresholds
are implemented on modified LEACH (MODLEACH) that boast the performance even
more. Finally a brief performance analysis of LEACH, Modified LEACH (MODLEACH),
MODLEACH with hard threshold (MODLEACHHT) and MODLEACH with soft threshold
(MODLEACHST) is undertaken considering metrics of throughput, network life and
cluster head replacements.Comment: IEEE 8th International Conference on Broadband and Wireless
Computing, Communication and Applications (BWCCA'13), Compiegne, Franc
AMCTD: Adaptive Mobility of Courier nodes in Threshold-optimized DBR Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks
In dense underwater sensor networks (UWSN), the major confronts are high
error probability, incessant variation in topology of sensor nodes, and much
energy consumption for data transmission. However, there are some remarkable
applications of UWSN such as management of seabed and oil reservoirs,
exploration of deep sea situation and prevention of aqueous disasters. In order
to accomplish these applications, ignorance of the limitations of acoustic
communications such as high delay and low bandwidth is not feasible. In this
paper, we propose Adaptive mobility of Courier nodes in Threshold-optimized
Depth-based routing (AMCTD), exploring the proficient amendments in depth
threshold and implementing the optimal weight function to achieve longer
network lifetime. We segregate our scheme in 3 major phases of weight updating,
depth threshold variation and adaptive mobility of courier nodes. During data
forwarding, we provide the framework for alterations in threshold to cope with
the sparse condition of network. We ultimately perform detailed simulations to
scrutinize the performance of our proposed scheme and its comparison with other
two notable routing protocols in term of network lifetime and other essential
parameters. The simulations results verify that our scheme performs better than
the other techniques and near to optimal in the field of UWSN.Comment: 8th International Conference on Broadband and Wireless Computing,
Communication and Applications (BWCCA'13), Compiegne, Franc
Local magnetic anisotropy in BaFeAs: a polarized inelastic neutron scattering study
The anisotropy of the magnetic excitations in BaFeAs was studied by
polarized inelastic neutron scattering which allows one to separate the
components of the magnetic response. Despite the in-plane orientation of the
static ordered moment we find the in-plane polarized magnons to exhibit a
larger gap than the out-of-plane polarized ones indicating very strong
single-ion anisotropy within the layers. It costs more energy to rotate a spin
within the orthorhombic {\it a-b} plane than rotating it perpendicular to the
FeAs layers.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Crystal and magnetic structure of the oxypnictide superconductor LaO(1-x)FxFeAs: evidence for magnetoelastic coupling
High-resolution and high-flux neutron as well as X-ray powder-diffraction
experiments were performed on the oxypnictide series LaO(1-x)FxFeAs with
0<x<0.15 in order to study the crystal and magnetic structure. The magnetic
symmetry of the undoped compound corresponds to those reported for ReOFeAs
(with Re a rare earth) and for AFe2As2 (A=Ba, Sr) materials. We find an ordered
magnetic moment of 0.63(1)muB at 2 K in LaOFeAs, which is significantly larger
than the values previously reported for this compound. A sizable ordered
magnetic moment is observed up to a F-doping of 4.5% whereas there is no
magnetic order for a sample with a F concentration of x=0.06. In the undoped
sample, several interatomic distances and FeAs4 tetrahedra angles exhibit
pronounced anomalies connected with the broad structural transition and with
the onset of magnetism supporting the idea of strong magneto-elastic coupling
in this material.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figures, regular articl
Influence of dietary supplementation of probiotics on intestinal histo-morphometry, blood chemistry and gut health status of broiler chickens
The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of probiotics, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum, on histo-morphologic measurements of the small intestine and on the gut health status of broiler chickens. A total of 240 day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to one of six dietary treatments for six weeks. The dietary treatments were basal diet (T1); basal diet + bacitracin methyl di-salicylate (BMD) at 20 mg/kg diet (T2); basal diet + L. acidophilus (106 and 107 cfu/gm diet) (T3 and T4); and basal diet + B. bifidum (106 and 107 cfu/gm diet) (T5 and T6), respectively. The villus height (VH), width (VW), crypt depth (CD) and the ratio between villus height and crypt depth (VH: CD) were significantly increased at 21 days and 42 days in L. acidophilus-supplemented groups (T3 or T4). No significant differences were observed in protein, albumin and serum mineral (Ca and P) concentrations and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in any of the dietary probiotic treatment groups. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and creatinine concentrations were increased, whereas alanine aminotransferase (ALT), uric acid and total cholesterol levels were significantly decreased in probiotic-supplemented groups. Coliforms and total anaerobes counts were significantly reduced at 21 and 42 days at the ileum and caecal in T4, whereas the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) Lactobacilli count was significantly increased in all the probiotic-supplemented groups. The results of the present study indicate that L. acidophilus at 106 cfu/g feed inclusion in basal diet may improve blood biochemical parameters and histo-morphometry in the intestine and gut health in broiler chickens, resulting in a valid feed additive to replace antibiotic growth promoters.Keywords: Feed additives, lactobacillus acidophilus, bifidobacterium bifidum gut health, histo-morphology, antibioti
Client Satisfaction Towards Quality of Health Services: an Assessment at Primary Healthcare of District Gujranwala
This survey designed to evaluate the satisfaction level and the factors that affect the patient satisfaction regarding health care delivery services with the aim to improve the services in the primary health care settings of Gujranwala. A Cross Sectional Study done on randomly selected patients attending the basic health units of Gujranwala, with more than18 years of age. Pretested structured "Liker scale questionnaire" was used for data collection. Out of total respondents, 62 (41.3%) clients were satisfied with the services provided by the basic health units of Gujranwala. The factors identified to determine patient satisfaction were accessibility of services, behavior of staff, health education, level of cleanliness, drug availability and miscellaneous services. Not a single ranked area of satisfaction noticed. Client\u27s occupation and income had significant relationship with the patient satisfaction level. Gender, age, and education of clients were not contributing factors; they not affect the client satisfaction level.Less than half clients were satisfied with the services provided by the basic health units. Management of health facilities needs to improve the services
Studies on the toxicity of 2-Methyltetrahydrofuran on the histopathology of gills of African catfish Clarias gariepinus
In the present study, investigation were carried out on gills of African cat fish Clarias gariepinus exposed to sub lethal concentrations (80mg/ml,400mg/ml and 800mg/ml) of 2-Methyltetrahydrofuran for 10 days. Lesions were observed in gills tissue of treated fish for long term exposure to Methyltetrahydrofuran (2MTHF). The occurrence and degree of alteration were positively related with the concentration of 2MTHF. Histological examination of the gills of fish treated with 80 mg/ml of 2MTHF for 10 days showed architectural loss, necrosis and desquamation of epithelial layer. Histological examination of the gills of fish treated with 400 mg/ml of 2MTHF for 10 days showed architectural loss, necrosis and mild vaccuolation. The gill filament exhibited telangiectesis, disorganisation of secondary gill lamellae and complete vaccuolation of gills treated with 800 mg/ml of 2MTHF for 10 days. The study indicated that 2MTHF had marked effects on the cyto-architecture of the gills of C. gariepinus. The degree of vaccuolation and necrosis were positively related with the concentration of 2MTHF
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