Effectiveness of Reactive Power Capability of Photo Voltaic Inverters to Maintain Voltage Profile in a Residential Distribution Feeder

Large penetration of rooftop PVs has resulted in unacceptable voltage profile in many residential distribution feeders. Limiting real power injection from PVs to alleviate over voltage problem is not feasible due to loss of green power and hence corresponding revenue loss. Reactive capability of the PV inverter can be a solution to address over voltage and voltage dip problems to some extent. This paper proposes an algorithm to utilize reactive capability of PV inverters and investigate their effectiveness for voltage improvement based on R/X ratio of the feeder. The length and loading level of the feeder for a particular R/X ratio to have acceptable voltage profile is also investigated. This can be useful for suburban design and residential distribution planning. Furthermore, coordination among different PVs using residential smart meters via a substation based controller is also proposed

Determinant criteria for designing Health benefit package in selected countries

Health benefit package described as primary health interventions that provided with government using general funds for all regardless their financial ability. This study was aimed at determine appropriate pattern for Iran using comparative survey of Health benefit package in various countries. A review exploration was done, scholars was selected population of both developed and developing countries, required information was also extracted by articles, searches and reports of reliable sources and date were analyzed by SPSS, in brief. The vast majority frequencies was respectively allocated to accessibility (40.7%), cost- effectiveness (29.6%), prioritize, efficacy and cost (22.2%). most countries located in WHO African region were selected cost-effectiveness and accessibility, WHO southeast Asia region were selected, coverage, prioritize, efficacy and quality and finally most WHO Europeans region were elected effectiveness and services costs for including services in Health benefit package. According to most Health benefit package designer emphasis on criteria including accessibility and costeffectiveness, to design Health benefit package for Iran, these criteria must be noticed

Concept and challenges of delivering preventive and care services in prehospital emergency medical service: A qualitative study

Background and purpose: Prehospital emergency medical service (EMS) is an important part of the health care system. Today, the need for integrated emergency care services and delivering qualified preventive and care services felt more than before in accidents and emergencies. This survey aimed to investigate the views of emergency medical personnel on the concept and nature of preventive and care services and current challenges in delivering these services in prehospital EMS centers in Golestan province, Iran. Materials and methods: A qualitative study was done with 16 emergency medical personnel working in EMS sites in Golestan province using purposeful sampling. Data was collected by semistructured interview guide and framework analysis was implemented to analyze the data. Results: Two general themes were identified including 1) the concept of preventive and care services in the EMS and 2) the challenges in providing qualified services in the EMS sites in Golestan province. Also, five sub-themes and 12 subclasses were determined. Conclusion: To enhance and promote services, the EMS system of Golestan province need reforms in organizational structure, laws and administrative regulations, training programs, the system of monitoring and evaluation of personnel, also provision of equipment and manpower and provision of personnel amenities to improve the staff performance. Furthermore, it is necessary to boost emergency services at the community level through training people and enhancing collaboration and participation with other organizations. © 2015, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved

Introduction to Islamic banking and finance : principles and practice

Islamic banking and finance is becoming one of the most significant aspects of the modern global financial system. Why? Because it is a fast-growing industry that has developed rapidly within a few years from a niche industry to a global force to be reckoned with in the international arena. However, with the worldwide spread of Islamic financial products and the growing interest of students and financial experts in Islamic finance, numerous books,monographs, and academic articles are being produced to explain the significance of this new industry to the global financial system. Nevertheless, there has not been much focus on a professional textbook on Islamic banking and finance for students of higher education who require case studies and practical examples in their programs. This seemingly neglected aspect of Islamic financial literature is the gap that this book seeks to fill, focusing on the principles and practice of Islamic banking and finance in the modern world. In this dynamic industry, there is a need to present a textbook for the ever-increasing academic and professional institutions offering Islamic finance as a course

Analysis of genetic diversity in mango (Mangifera indica L.) using isozymetic polymorphism

The isozymetic study was designed for assessing the genetic diversity among the selected mango cultivars/genotype available in Bangladesh. All the isozymes, used in the present study showed polymorphism for mango. A total of 25 different electrophoretic zymotypes were observed for three isozymes studied. Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, malate dehydrogenase and peroxidase analysis possessed 8, 10 and 7 zymotypes, respectively, and genotypes were grouped into different electrophoretic zymotypes which indicated higher level of genetic diversity of mango. For glutamate oxaloacetate transminase, G6 was the most common zymotypes whereas G3, G5, and G8 were found in few cases. Similarly, M8 and M6 in malate dehydrogenase as well as P6 and P5 in peroxidase were found more frequent while other zymotypes in both isozymes were less frequent. Frequency was very few for one zymotype in all cases of three isozymes such as, G8, M10 and P7. Cluster analysis through UPGMA dendogram using isozymes electrophoretic pattern provided strong information about existence of variability among the genotypes of mango. Based on Euclidean distance, a dendogram was constructed using banding pattern of 60 mango genotypes developed through three isozymes activities. The dendogram showed eight major clusters designated as I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII and VIII. The results generated with isoenzyme will be helpful in improvement as well as may guide us in designing strategies that maximize the utility of genetic resources.Key words: Polymorphism, isozyme, mango, genetic diversity, variety

In vitro clonal propagation of locally cultivated pink colour Gladiolus var. Neelima through Cormel-sprout culture

Micropropagation provides an economic advantage for the propagation of a particular crop like gladiolus, a beautiful flowering plant which emits expression of love. Propagation by conventional method is a slow process and pathogen keep on accumulation generation after generation which reduces yield and quality of flower and also generates insufficient propagules. An efficient propagation system could overcome those variabilities and meet the increasing demand of propagules production for the growing of gladiolus in the country while it is an exporting plant in Bangladesh. Moreover, establishment of a plant regeneration system through direct organogenesis or via callus is also a prerequisite to further in vitro genetic manipulation of the cultivar. Demand for disease free planting materials is increasing day by day and crop like vegetatively propagated plant is an appropriate means to generate propagules through in vitro techniques. Production of sufficient numbers of plants of a unique genotype is possible using in vitro culture system. In this study, the effect of various concentrations and combinations of plant growth regulators for in vitro regeneration of gladiolus was described using cormel-sprout as explants. However, an efficient in vitro plant regeneration protocol in locally cultivated pink colour Gladiolus var. Neelima was established on MS media with various hormonal supplements using cormel-sprout as explants. Ninety (90) percent of the explants responded for shooting on 0.5 mg/L BA + 0.5 mg/L Kin within the culture initiation period of 90 days. The average number of shoot per explants was 8 ±1.20 and the average shoot length of 12.40 ±2.15 cm were observed in this medium. Shoots are rooted well when they were excised individually and implanted on half strength of MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l IBA, in which 90% of the shoot induced roots. The average number of root per shoot was 10 ± 1.20 and the average root length of 8.50 ± 1.25 cm were observed in this medium after culture of 30 days. Eighty (80) percent of the in vitro raised plantlets were survived in the natural environment

The effect of physical and psychosocial occupational factors on the chronicity of low back pain in the workers of Iranian metal industry: A cohort study

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common problems among the workers of different industries. The role of occupational factors in causing the LBP has been indicated previously. LBP has great socio-economic costs and most of its costs are related to the chronic LBP. The aim of this study was to identify the occupational risk factors that are related to the progression of the LBP from acute to chronic phase. Methods: This cohort study has been conducted on 185 workers with acute LBP. Information related to their occupational exposure at baseline has been measured with a valid questionnaire using the self-report approach. Patients follow up was done monthly for three months after the start of the pain. Those workers whose occupational exposure had not changed during the follow up were divided into two groups of chronic LBP (n = 49) and cured (n = 136) according to the duration of the pain period (more or less than 3 months), and their job exposures were compared. Results: Among the physical and psychosocial risk factors, social support (OR = 0.466, CI = 0.231-0.940) and job satisfaction (OR = 0.455, CI = 0.232-0.891), and lifting weights more than 15kg (OR = 2.482, CI = 1.274-4.834) indicated a significant relationship with the chronicity of the LBP. After putting the variables into the regression model, only lifting > 15kg remained statistically significant. Conclusion: According to the observed relationship between these occupational risk factors (social support, job satisfaction, lifting > 15kg) and the chronicity of the LBP, there is hope that eliminating these factors in the workers with acute LBP will prevent its progression to the chronic phase