2,195 research outputs found
Minimal surfaces with positive genus and finite total curvature in
We construct the first examples of complete, properly embedded minimal
surfaces in with finite total curvature and
positive genus. These are constructed by gluing copies of horizontal catenoids
or other nondegenerate summands. We also establish that every horizontal
catenoid is nondegenerate.
Finally, using the same techniques, we are able to produce properly embedded
minimal surfaces with infinitely many ends. Each annular end has finite total
curvature and is asymptotic to a vertical totally geodesic plane.Comment: 32 pages, 4 figures. This revised version will appear in Geometry and
Topolog
Preroughening, Diffusion, and Growth of An FCC(111) Surface
Preroughening of close-packed fcc(111) surfaces, found in rare gas solids, is
an interesting, but poorly characterized phase transition. We introduce a
restricted solid-on-solid model, named FCSOS, which describes it. Using mostly
Monte Carlo, we study both statics, including critical behavior and scattering
properties, and dynamics, including surface diffusion and growth. In antiphase
scattering, it is shown that preroughening will generally show up at most as a
dip. Surface growth is predicted to be continuous at preroughening, where
surface self-diffusion should also drop. The physical mechanism leading to
preroughening on rare gas surfaces is analysed, and identified in the step-step
elastic repulsion.Comment: Revtex + uuencoded figures, to appear in Physical Review Letter
Self similar expanding solutions of the planar network flow
We prove the existence of self-similar expanding solutions of the curvature flow on planar networks where the initial configuration is any number of half-lines meeting at the origin. This generalizes recent work by Schn\"urer and Schulze which treats the case of three half-lines. There are multiple solutions, and these are parametrized by combinatorial objects, namely Steiner trees with respect to a complete negatively curved metric on the unit ball which span specified points on the boundary at infinity. We also provide a sharp formulation of the regularity of these solutions at
Effects of submerged vegetation on water clarity across climates
A positive feedback between submerged vegetation and water clarity forms the backbone of the alternative state theory in shallow lakes. The water clearing effect of aquatic vegetation may be caused by different physical, chemical, and biological mechanisms and has been studied mainly in temperate lakes. Recent work suggests differences in biotic interactions between (sub)tropical and cooler lakes might result in a less pronounced clearing effect in the (sub)tropics. To assess whether the effect of submerged vegetation changes with climate, we sampled 83 lakes over a gradient ranging from the tundra to the tropics in South America. Judged from a comparison of water clarity inside and outside vegetation beds, the vegetation appeared to have a similar positive effect on the water clarity across all climatic regions studied. However, the local clearing effect of vegetation decreased steeply with the contribution of humic substances to the underwater light attenuation. Looking at turbidity on a whole-lake scale, results were more difficult to interpret. Although lakes with abundant vegetation (>30%) were generally clear, sparsely vegetated lakes differed widely in clarity. Overall, the effect of vegetation on water clarity in our lakes appears to be smaller than that found in various Northern hemisphere studies. This might be explained by differences in fish communities and their relation to vegetation. For instance, unlike in Northern hemisphere studies, we find no clear relation between vegetation coverage and fish abundance or their diet preference. High densities of omnivorous fish and coinciding low grazing pressures on phytoplankton in the (sub)tropics may, furthermore, weaken the effect of vegetation on water clarity
Climate-dependent CO2 emissions from lakes
Inland waters, just as the world's oceans, play an important role in the global carbon cycle. While lakes and reservoirs typically emit CO2, they also bury carbon in their sediment. The net CO2 emission is largely the result of the decomposition or preservation of terrestrially supplied carbon. What regulates the balance between CO2 emission and carbon burial is not known, but climate change and temperature have been hypothesized to influence both processes. We analyzed patterns in carbon dioxide partial pressure (pCO2) in 83 shallow lakes over a large climatic gradient in South America and found a strong, positive correlation with temperature. The higher pCO2 in warmer lakes may be caused by a higher, temperature-dependent mineralization of organic carbon. This pattern suggests that cool lakes may start to emit more CO2 when they warm up because of climate ch
La realtà tra percezione e fisica
Quando contempliamo un dipinto ci soffermiamo su molteplici aspetti: l’estetica, i colori, le simmetrie evidenti, nascoste o assenti, il significato politico e morale o narrativo e mitologico. Raramente però riflettiamo sui processi fisici, fisiologici e cognitivi che sono coinvolti nel processo visivo, in particolare nella percezione dei colori e delle forme. E ancor più raramente ci poniamo domande le cui risposte attendono probabilmente una convergenza di più discipline e aree che vanno dalla fisica, alle neuroscienze, dalla biologia alla filosofia. Quando percepiamo qualcosa non sempre è reale come testimoniano le illusioni ottiche. E allora quale criterio adoperare per stabilire cosa sia reale e cosa invece solo soggettivo? Quando si parla della soggettività , ovvero della percezione, che tipo di spiegazione ci forniscono i grandi schemi interpretativi scientifici della realtà? Che ruolo ha la fisica quantistica nella percezione? Se il cervello è in definitiva l’apparato di misura finale che ruolo ricopre l’interpretazione di Copenaghen nel problema della percezione? In definitiva il problema realtà - cervello - mente può essere svelato nella sua totalità dalla scienza moderna
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