Effect of Vitamin E, Lutein, Selenium and Oil Mixture Added to Feed and Cooking Length on Yolk Color and Egg Quality

The aim of this research was to determine the quality of eggs laid by Tetra SL hens fed standard diet (B) or diet supplemented with 100 mg vitamin E/kg+200 mg/kg lutein+0.5 mg/kg selenium+5% oil mixture (BK). The effect of treatment was determined for yolk color values (P0.05). However, the treatment had statistically significant effect (P0.05)

Increase of the Lutein Content in Hens' Eggs

Lutein is a plant pigment that belongs to the xantophyll group of carotenoids. In nature it is widespread (prevalent) in green leafy vegetables (spinach, kale, collard greens, lettuce) but also in peppers, tangerines, corn and egg yolk. Since it cannot be synthesized in the body it has to be taken with food. In human body lutein is concentrated in the retina and macula lutea and its content in those tissues rises with increased intake through food or supplements. It has antioxidant activity, protects eyes from high-energy blue light and helps in reducing the risk of developing age-related macular degeneration and cataracts. Until now, lutein was used in poultry industry mostly for pigmenting broiler's meat and skin and egg yolk and lately there have been more studies whose goal is to increase lutein content in yolk and production of enriched, functional food. Although table egg is not the best source of lutein, studies have shown that its bioavailability in human body is higher from lipid matrix of yolk compared with lutein from vegetable sources or food supplements. The egg is highly nutritious food because it contains high-quality proteins with balanced amino acid composition, essential fatty acids, minerals and vitamins necessary for proper functioning of the body and with increased content of lutein it becomes a value-added product. Addition of natural or synthetic sources of lutein in mixtures for laying hens enables the transfer of lutein through hen's metabolism into egg yolk. The increase of lutein content in yolk is noticeable already after one week of feeding the hens with modified mixtures although it takes a longer time for its content to be stabilized. Egg with increased content of lutein in yolk represents quality and accessible source of lutein in human nutrition. Consumption of enriched eggs contributes to increased intake of lutein as well as its accumulation in the human organism

TRŽIŠTE MESA DIVLJAČI U ISTOČNOJ HRVATSKOJ

In the Republic of Croatia, game meat is consumed far less than meat of domestic animals. Yearly game meat consumption amounts to only 0.55 kg per household member. Consumers prefer meat of domestic animals, because it is cheaper, not paying attention to specific nutritive advantages of game meat. A research on the game meat market and consumers’ preferences was carried out on 101 examinees, chosen among inhabitants of Slavonia and Baranja. The majority of questioned inhabitants did consume game meat (92%), of whom 66% consider game meat to be of better quality than meat of domestic animals. Significant number of examinees considers game meat as healthy food, being also convinced that game was healthier to consume if hunted in their natural environment, than if reared on specialized farms (90%). Irrespective of quality, only 22% of examinees buy game meat, and 51% think such meat is too expensive. This is the main reason why consumers have game meat only once a month (51%). Taking into consideration monthly income of their respective household, 58% of examinees can afford game meat only once a month, and, if having an opportunity, they would opt for meat of roe deer (55%) and rabbit (25%). When asked what would stimulate the game meat market in Croatia, 56% of examinees believe this could be achieved by lowering of prices, 27% think the issue could be addressed by opening of specialty stores, and only 17% opted for more aggressive marketing activities.Meso divljači se u Republici Hrvatskoj konzumira u znatno manjim količinama od mesa domaćih životinja. Potrošnja mesa divljači iznosi svega 0,55 kg po članu domaćinstva godišnje. Potrošači preferiraju cijenom povoljnije meso domaćih životinja, bez obzira na pojedine nutricionističke prednosti mesa divljači. Istraživanje tržišta mesa divljači i preferencije potrošača provedeni su na 101 ispitaniku među stanovništvom Slavonije i Baranje. Većina anketiranih stanovnika konzumirala je meso divljači (92%) i misli da je ono kvalitetnije od mesa domaćih životinja (66%). Značajan broj anketiranih smatra da je meso divljači ekološki zdrava hrana i da je zdravije ukoliko se divljač odstrijeli u prirodi, nego da je podrijetlom sa specijaliziranih farmi (90%). Bez obzira na kvalitetu, tek 22% ispitanika kupuje meso divljači, a 51% anketiranih smatra da je ono preskupo. To je i glavni razlog što je meso divljači na stolu potrošača tek jednom mjesečno (51%). S obzirom na mjesečna primanja članova, 58% anketiranih u mogućnosti je konzumirati meso divljači samo jednom mjesečno, a najradije bi izabrali meso srneće divljači (55%) i zeca (25%). Na temelju provedene ankete, tržište mesa divljači moguće je poboljšati sniženjem cijena, što smatra 56% ispitanika, dok 27% misli da bi se ono poboljšalo otvaranjem specijaliziranih prodavaonica, a tek 17% ispitanika izjasnilo se za jaču marketinšku aktivnost

Too Good to Be True: Rhesus Monkeys React Negatively to Better-than-Expected Offers

To succeed in a dynamically changing world, animals need to predict their environments. Humans, in fact, exhibit such a strong desire for consistency that one of the most well-established findings in social psychology is the effort people make to maintain consistency among their beliefs, attitudes, and behavior. However, displeasure with unpredictability leads to a potential paradox, because a positive outcome that exceeds one’s expectations often leads to increased subjective value and positive affect, not the opposite. We tested the hypothesis that two evolutionarily-conserved evaluation processes underlie goal-directed behavior: (1) consistency, concerned with prediction errors, and (2) valuation, concerned with outcome utility. Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) viewed a food item and then were offered an identical, better, or worse food, which they could accept or reject. The monkeys ultimately accepted all offers, attesting to the influence of the valuation process. However, they were slower to accept the unexpected offers, and they exhibited aversive reactions, especially to the better-than-expected offers, repeatedly turning their heads and looking away before accepting the food item. Our findings (a) provide evidence for two separable evaluation processes in primates, consistency and value assessment, (b) reveal a direct relationship between consistency assessment and emotional processes, and (c) show that our wariness with events that are much better than expected is shared with other social primates

Magnetic resonance imaging findings in children with spasmus nutans

Background Spasmus nutans (SN) is a rare pediatric ophthalmologic syndrome characterized by nystagmus, head bobbing, and abnormal head positioning. Historically, SN has been associated with underlying optic pathway gliomas (OPG); however, evidence of this association is based primarily on a small number of isolated case reports. Prior retrospective analyses have found the rate of OPG to be <2%, but these studies only intermittently used neuroimaging with computed tomography, which has limited sensitivity for detection of small lesions in the optic pathway. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of SN with intracranial abnormalities, particularly OPG, using magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and orbits. Methods Neuroradiology databases at three institutions spanning January 2010 to May 2016 were queried for examinations ordered for evaluation of SN; MRI examinations of the brain and/or orbits were included and evaluated for OPG and other structural abnormalities. Medical records were reviewed to confirm a diagnosis of SN, presence of other underlying neurological disease, or preexisting diagnoses. Results A total of 40 patients with eligible MRI examinations were identified. None had optic nerve pathway gliomas. Two children had optic nerve hypoplasia; no other patients had optic pathway abnormalities. None had intracranial or orbital masses. MRI examinations were normal in 25 patients. Conclusions This series represents the largest collection of MRI examinations for SN in the literature to date and shows no association between OPG and SN. In children presenting with SN but no other findings suggesting OPG or neurological abnormalities, neuroimaging may not be required

children: differentiation using diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging

Purpose To evaluate differences in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearance between infantile hemangiomas and rhabdomyosarcomas of the orbit in pediatric patients using diffusion-weighted imaging. Methods A multicenter retrospective review of MRIs of pediatric patients with infantile hemangiomas and rhabdomyosarcomas of the orbit was performed. MRI examinations from a total of 21 patients with infantile hemangiomas and 12 patients with rhabdomyosarcomas of the orbit were independently reviewed by two subspecialty board-certified neuroradiologists masked to the diagnosis. A freehand region of interest was placed in the mass to obtain the mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value of the mass as well as within the medulla to obtain a ratio of the ADC mass to the medulla. A t test was used to compare mean ADC and ADC ratios between the two groups. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to determine ADC value and ADC ratio thresholds for differentiation of infantile hemangioma and rhabdomyosarcoma. Results There was a statistically significant difference in the mean ADC value of infantile hemangiomas compared to rhabdomyosarcomas (1527 × 10−6 mm2/s vs 782 × 10−6 mm2/s; P = 0.0001) and the ADC ratio of the lesion to the medulla (1.77 vs 0.92; P = 0.0001). An ADC threshold of <1159 × 10−6 mm2/sec and an ADC ratio of <1.38 differentiated rhabdomyosarcoma from infantile hemangioma (sensitivity 100% and 100%; specificity 100% and 100%) with area under the curve of 1.0 and 1.0, respectively. Conclusions In conjunction with conventional MRI sequences, ADC values obtained from diffusion-weighted MRI are useful to differentiate orbital infantile hemangiomas from rhabdomyosarcomas in pediatric patients

Using 18O/2H, 3H/3He, 85Kr and CFCs to determine mean residence times and water origin in the Grazer and Leibnitzer Feld groundwater bodies (Austria)

Two groundwater bodies, Grazer Feld and Leibnitzer Feld, with surface areas of 166 and 103 km2 respectively are characterised for the first time by measuring the combination of δ18O/δ2H, 3H/3He, 85Kr, CFC-11, CFC-12 and hydrochemistry in 34 monitoring wells in 2009/2010. The timescales of groundwater recharge have been characterised by 131 δ18O measurements of well and surface water sampled on a seasonal basis. Most monitoring wells show a seasonal variation or indicate variable contributions of the main river Mur (0–30%, max. 70%) and/or other rivers having their recharge areas in higher altitudes. Combined δ18O/δ2H-measurements indicate that 65–75% of groundwater recharge in the unusual wet year of 2009 was from precipitation in the summer based on values from the Graz meteorological station. Monitoring wells downstream of gravel pit lakes show a clear evaporation trend. A boron–nitrate differentiation plot shows more frequent boron-rich water in the more urbanised Grazer Feld and more frequent nitrate-rich water in the more agricultural used Leibnitzer Feld indicating that a some of the nitrate load in the Grazer Feld comes from urban sewer water. Several lumped parameter models based on tritium input data from Graz and monthly data from the river Mur (Spielfeld) since 1977 yield a Mean Residence Time (MRT) for the Mur-water itself between 3 and 4 years in this area. Data from δ18O, 3H/3He measurements at the Wagna lysimeter station supports the conclusion that 90% of the groundwaters in the Grazer Feld and 73% in the Leibnitzer Feld have MRTs of 20 m) with relative thicker unsaturated zones. The young MRT of groundwater from two monitoring wells in the Leibnitzer Feld was confirmed by 85Kr-measurements. Most CFC-11 and CFC-12 concentrations in the groundwater exceed the equilibration concentrations of modern concentrations in water and are therefore unsuitable for dating purposes. An enrichment factor up to 100 compared to atmospheric equilibrium concentrations and the obvious correlation of CFC-12 with SO4, Na, Cl and B in the ground waters of the Grazer Feld suggest that waste water in contact with CFC-containing material above and below ground is the source for the contamination. The dominance of very young groundwater (<5 years) indicates a recent origin of the contamination by nitrate and many other components observed in parts of the groundwater bodies. Rapid measures to reduce those sources are needed to mitigate against further deterioration of these waters

Herpes Simplex Virus 1 and Chlamydophila (Chlamydia) pneumoniae promote Ab 1-42 amyloid processing in murine astrocytes linking an infectious process to Alzheimer\u27s disease

Background: Several studies have suggested an infectious etiology for Alzheimer\u27s disease (AD). Previously, our laboratory identified Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cpn) from autopsied sporadic AD brains, as well as developed a BALB/c mouse model that demonstrated infection-induced amyloid plaques similar to those found in AD. Hypothesis: We propose that an additional pathogen such as herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1), also may be a contributing factor in toin the pathology seen in AD. HSV1, in addition to Cpn, may be triggering the abnormal cleavage of the beta amyloid precursor protein (bAPP) into Ab1-42 , thereby contributing to amyloid plaque formation. Our current study examines amyloid processing following infection of primary and C8-DIA murine astrocytes with Cpn and HSV1. Materials and Methods: Immunocytochemistry and western analysis was used to analyze the outcome of infection by these two pathogens. Results: Cpn infection resulted in an increase in cytoplasmic labeling of Ab 1-42 relative to uninfected cells, while increased nuclear labeling of Ab 1-42 was observed following HSV1 infection. Co-infections with Cpn and HSV1 resulted in amyloid labeling resembling that of HSV1 infection alone, though Ab 1-42 labeling appeared decreased specifically in Cpn-infected cells of the co-infected monolayers. Conclusions: These data suggest that infection of astrocytic cells by HSV1 and (Cpn) alter the processing of bAPP, thereby producing Ab1-42. Therefore, these studies, inaddition to the previous research reported by our laboratory, support an emerging linkage of the infectious processs to the neuropathology characteristic of Alzheimer\u27s disease.https://digitalcommons.pcom.edu/posters/1008/thumbnail.jp