Evaluation of a Desktop 3D Printed Rigid Refractive-Indexed-Matched Flow Phantom for PIV Measurements on Cerebral Aneurysms

Purpose Fabrication of a suitable flow model or phantom is critical to the study of biomedical fluid dynamics using optical flow visualization and measurement methods. The main difficulties arise from the optical properties of the model material, accuracy of the geometry and ease of fabrication. Methods Conventionally an investment casting method has been used, but recently advancements in additive manufacturing techniques such as 3D printing have allowed the flow model to be printed directly with minimal post-processing steps. This study presents results of an investigation into the feasibility of fabrication of such models suitable for particle image velocimetry (PIV) using a common 3D printing Stereolithography process and photopolymer resin. Results An idealised geometry of a cerebral aneurysm was printed to demonstrate its applicability for PIV experimentation. The material was shown to have a refractive index of 1.51, which can be refractive matched with a mixture of de-ionised water with ammonium thiocyanate (NH4SCN). The images were of a quality that after applying common PIV pre-processing techniques and a PIV cross-correlation algorithm, the results produced were consistent within the aneurysm when compared to previous studies. Conclusions This study presents an alternative low-cost option for 3D printing of a flow phantom suitable for flow visualization simulations. The use of 3D printed flow phantoms reduces the complexity, time and effort required compared to conventional investment casting methods by removing the necessity of a multi-part process required with investment casting techniques

Highly polymorphic novel simple sequence repeat markers from class i repeats in walnut (Juglans regia L.)

Walnut (Juglans regia L.) is the most important species in the genus Juglans due to the high commercial value of its nuts and timber. Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) are considered as the markers of choice owing to their codominant nature. Since very few SSRs have been developed in walnut, this study aimed to develop numerous polymorphic SSRs from Class I repeats by using DNA sequences of the Chandler cultivar. In all, 800 SSRs were designed and tested in 8 Turkish, 3 French, and 5 US walnut cultivars, of which 88 (11%) did not produce bands, 161 (20.1%) were monomorphic, and 551 (68.9%) were polymorphic. In all, 2696 alleles were produced by the 551 polymorphic SSR loci in the 16 walnut cultivars, ranging from 2 to 14 alleles per locus with an average number of 4.9. Polymorphism information content ranged from 0.21 to 0.89 with an average of 0.62. Cluster analysis produced a very robust dendrogram. The walnut cultivars were separated into two main groups: All Turkish cultivars were included in one group, whereas the US and French cultivars were included in the other group. A set of 20 SSRs was selected for their high genetic diversity values to be used in further genetic studies in walnut. The novel SSR markers developed in this study could be used in future studies for constructing a genetic linkage map, analyzing population genetics, identifying parents, and conducting marker-assisted breeding, fingerprinting, and germplasm characterization in walnut. © TÜBİTAK.Firat University Scientific Research Projects Management Unit Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştirma Kurumu: 214O140This project was financially supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (Project No. TÜBİTAK TOVAG 214O140) and the Çukurova University Scientific Research Projects Unit (Project No. FYL-2015-4852)

In vitro propogation of Physalis peruviana (L.) using apical shoot explants [Rozmnazanie in vitro Physalis peruviana (L.) przy uzyciu eksplantów ze szczytowych pedów]

Physalis peruviana L. is belongs to Solanaceae family and commonly known as Cape gooseberry. More recently it is very popular and widely used as medicinal plant to treat malaria, asthma, hepatitis, dermatitis and rheumatism and has diuretic and antiinflammatory properties. In this study, it was aimed to develop in vitro propagation protocol for P. peruviana L. using apical shoots as an explant sources. Regenerated plants were evaluated based on their multiplication rate and shoot length using various concentration of BAP (1, 2, 3 mg l-1) in combination with IBA (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 mg l-1) and NAA (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 mg l-1). In addition, efficiency of various auxin concentrations of (1 and 2 mg l-1 IBA and NAA) was also applied on root formation of P. peruviana L. The highest shoot numbers were obtained from 2 mg l-1 BAP with 0.4 mg l-1 IBA (6.00) combinations and shoot length obtained in 2 mg l-1 BAP with 0.2 mg l-1 IBA combinations (3.30 cm). As for the effects of BAP and NAA combinations; the highest shoot length were obtained from 2 mg l-1 BAP without NAA combinations (3.33 cm) while the lowest one was in 3 mg l-1 BAP with 0.4 mg/I NAA combinations. The highest root numbers were obtained from NAA application (2 mg l-1 and 1 mg l-1, respectively). In vitro derived plants were acclimatized to the soil smoothly. The present study highlights the importance of plant tissue culture in order to be used for large-scale production of P. peruviana (L.) due to the elimination of sexual propagation. © by Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczego w Lublinie, Lublin 2016