Étude du rapport entre la géométrie des fils et la rugosité des tissus

La suavidad de los tejidos es difícilmente cuantificable puesto que está asociada a una serie de sensaciones subjetivas. Se ha intentado evaluar objetivamente mediante diversos métodos. Uno de los parámetros cuantificables más importantes, que diversos autores relacionan con el tacto de los tejidos es su aspereza o rugosidad superficial. En este trabajo se estudia la relación entre la rugosidad superficial de una serie de tejidos y la deformación filar de los hilados que los constituyen; la deformación filar depende de la geometría de los hilados y esta, a su vez está condicionada por diversas variables. En el trabajo se establecen las relaciones entre la deformación filar y la composición, título y torsión de los hilados de PES/CV, en un intento de poder establecer como influyen estas variables en la rugosidad de los tejidos.The smoothness of the fabrics is hardly quantifies since is associated to a series of subjective sensations. It has been tried to evaluate objectively by means of diverse methods. One of the more important measurable parameters that diverse authors relate to the smoothless of a fabric is its superficial roughness. The present work studies the relationship between the superficial roughness of a series of fabrics and the deformation of the yarns that constitute them. The yarn deformation depends on the geometry of the yarn and this is, as well, depending of diverse variables. In the work the relationships between the yarn deformation and the account and torsion of yarns of different PES/CV compositions are also studied in an attempt of how these variables influence the superficial roughness of the fabrics.La douceur des tissus est difficilement quantifiable car elle est associée à une série de sensations subjectives. Elle a fait l'objet d'une tentative d'évaluation objective à l'aide de plusieurs méthodes. L'un des paramètres quantifiables les plus importants, que divers auteurs associent au tact des tissus, est leur âpreté ou rugosité superficielle. Cette étude porte sur le rappot entre la rugosité superficielle d'un série de tissus et la déformation filaire des filés qui les constituent; la déformation filaie dépend de la géométrie des filés et celle-ci est, à son tour, conditionnée par plusieurs variables. Des rapports son établis entre la déformation filaire et la composition, le titre et la torsion des filés de PES/CV, pour tenter d'établir comment ces variables jouent sur la rugosité des tissus

Inferential Survival Analysis for Type II Censored Truncated Exponential Topp Leone Exponential Distribution with Application to Engineering Data

This study focuses on estimating the unknown parameters of the truncated exponential Topp-Leon distribution using a type II scheme. We estimate the unknown parameters, survival, and hazard functions using maximum likelihood estimation methods. Additionally, we derive the approximate variance covariance matrix and asymptotic confidence intervals. Furthermore, we compute Bayesian estimates of the unknown parameters under squared error and linear loss functions. To generate samples from the posterior density functions, we use the Metropolies-Hastings algorithm. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed distribution by applying it to two data sets: Monte Carlo simulation and real data set. Our results show that the proposed distribution provides accurate estimates of the unknown parameters and performs well in fitting the data. Our findings also indicate that Bayesian estimation can provide more precise estimates with narrower confidence intervals compared to maximum likelihood estimation method. In summary, the study provides a comprehensive analysis of the estimation of the unknown parameters for the truncated exponential Topp-Leone distribution using a type II scheme. Also, the results demonstrate the potential of this distribution in modeling real data and the usefulness of both maximum likelihood and Bayesian estimation methods in obtaining accurate parameter estimates

Parameters and Reliability Estimation of Left Truncated Gumbel Distribution under Progressive Type II Censored with Repairable Mechanical Equipment Data

The estimation of two parameters of the left truncated Gumbel distribution using the progressive type II censoring scheme is discussed. We first derived the maximum likelihood estimators of the unknown parameters. The approximate asymptotic variance-covariance matrix and approximate confidence intervals based on the asymptotic normality of the classical estimators are calculated. Also, the survival and hazard functions are derived. Further, the delta method is used to construct approximate confidence intervals for survival and hazard functions. Using the left truncated normal prior for the location parameter and an inverted gamma prior for the scale parameter, several Bayes estimates based on squared error and general entropy loss functions are computed. Bayes estimators of the unknown parameters cannot be calculated in closed forms. Markov chain Monte Carlo method, namely Metropolis-Hastings algorithm, has been used to derive the approximate Bayes estimates. Also, the credible intervals are constructed by using Markov chain Monte Carlo samples. Finally, The Monte Carlo simulation study compares the performances among various estimates in terms of their root mean squared errors, mean absolute biased, average confidence lengths, and coverage probabilities under different sets of values of sample sizes, number of failures and censoring schemes. Moreover, a numerical example with a real data set and Markov chain Monte Carlo data sets are tackled to highlight the importance of the proposed methods. Bayes Markov chain Monte Carlo estimates have performed better than those obtained based on the likelihood function

Design and Implementation of a 2.4 GHz Millimeter Wave Radar System for Soil Water Content Detection

Because water has the highest real permittivity value, close to 80, compared to dry soils\u27 real permittivity, which ranges from 3 to 15, measuring a soil\u27s permittivity is strongly reliant on its moisture content. Furthermore, increased relative permittivity leads to a larger reflectivity coefficient. According to these perspectives, adding water to dry soil generates notable changes in wet soil permittivity and modifies the reflectance and characteristics of incident electromagnetic waves (EMWs) at the soil-air interface. Thus, the soil water content (SWC) may be reliably determined by recording variations in the properties of incident EMWs compared to a reference dry soil case. This inspired us to develop a millimeter wave radar system to measure the SWC. In this paper, the design and hardware implementation of a 2.4 GHz millimeter wave radar system is introduced for SWC measurement. The SWC measurement principle of the proposed system is based on measuring the reflection coefficient of the soil-air interface. The received analog signal is amplified before it is converted into a digital signal that is sent by the Arduino microcontroller to the computer buffer via the serial communication port to be analyzed using the designed MATLAB code

RESPONSE OF SYNGONIUM PODOPHYLLUM PLANT TO SOME SYNTHETIC CYTOKININ TYPES AND CONCENTRATIONS AS A FOLIAR APPLICATION

This investigation was executed to assess the effects of three synthetic cytokinins [6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), 6-(γ,γ-dimethylallylamino) purine (2iP) and furfurylamino-purine (kinetin)] at three concentrations for each type (100, 200 and 300 mg/l), beside the control one (tap water) on vegetative growth and some chemical analysis of Syngonium podophyllum plants. Two pot experiments were executed during the two successive seasons of 2019 and 2020 in a commercial farm in Belqas Khamis, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt. The obtained results generally revealed that spraying of the three types and concentrations of synthetic cytokinins significantly enhanced plant height, number of leaves/plant, leaf area, foliage fresh and dry weight, root length, root fresh and dry weight compared to the control plants. Moreover, spraying of synthetic cytokinins was superior and significantly increased N%, P%, K%, total carbohydrates, total phenolics, chlorophylls and carotenoids content in leaves. Meanwhile, spraying of 2iP at 200 mg/l gave the highest values for most of the vegetative growth characters (plant height, leaves number and foliage fresh weight) and chemical composition (chlorophyll a, b, a+b, carotenoids, total carbohydrates and N, P and K contents in leaves) compared to other treatments. However, applying of kinetin at 200 mg/l gave higher values of foliage fresh and dry weight and chlorophyll a than other concentrations. Besides, spraying of BAP at 100 mg/l gave the highest roots fresh and dry weight. While spraying of BAP at 200 mg/l gave the highest value of total phenolics content compared to other treatments. Generally, the examined cytokinin types and concentrations could be arranged for their positive effects on Syngonium podophyllum descendingly as 2iP at 200 mg/l, BAP at 100 or 200 mg/l and kinetin at 200 mg/l

IMPROVING GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS AND VASE LIFE OF DENDRANTHEMA GRANDIFLORUM ‘FLYER’ USING HUMIC AND FULVIC ACIDS AS BIOSTIMULANTS SUBSTANCES

A greenhouse experiment was conducted during two consecutive seasons of 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 at the Nursery of Ornamental plants, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Egypt, to compare the ability of humic and fulvic acids solely at different concentrations (500,1000,1500 mg/l), besides the control on improving some vegetative, flowering parameters and chemical constituents of mums (Dendranthema grandiflorum ‘Flyer’). The obtained results cleared that fulvic acid at concentrations of 1500 and 1000 mg/l or humic acid at 1500 mg/l were the most effective treatments for improving the vegetative parameters (plant height, branches number, plant spread, roots/shoots ratio, fresh and dry weights of plant, and leaf area), flowering parameters (days required period for appearing the first inflorescence and 50% of inflorescences, duration of flowering stage and the vase life, inflorescences number/plant, inflorescence diameter). Furthermore, drenching fulvic acid at 1500 and 1000 mg/l or humic acid at 1500 mg/l, promoted the photosynthesis pigments (total chlorophylls and carotenoids), in addition to the percentages of total carbohydrates, nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium in the leaves. Finally, it could be recommended to use fulvic acid at 1000 mg/l or humic acid at 1500 mg/l twice monthly (six times during the flowers production process) as a soil drench before the irrigation process for obtaining the ideal growth characteristics of this important pot and cut flower plan

Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy in Africa

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), known also as laser-induced plasma spectroscopy (LIPS), is a well-known spectrochemical elemental analysis technique. The field of LIBS has been rapidly matured as a consequence of growing interest in real-time analysis across a broad spectrum of applied sciences and recent development of commercial LIBS analytical systems. In this brief review, we introduce the contributions of the research groups in the African continent in the field of the fundamentals and applications of LIBS. As it will be shown, the fast development of LIBS in Africa during the last decade was mainly due to the broad environmental, industrial, archaeological, and biomedical applications of this technique

RESPONSE OF ANISE PLANTS TO HUMIC ACID, AMINO ACIDS AND THIAMINE TREATMENTS

Afield experiment was carried out to investigate the influence of humic acid at 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 ml/l and a mixture of three amino acids (tryptophan, methionine and cysteine) and thiamine (vitamin B1) each at 100, 200, and 400 ppm on the vegetative growth, yield and oil content of anise plants. Treating anise plants with humic acid at 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 ml/l as a foliar spray was very effective on stimulating plant height, stem diameter, branch number/plant, herb dry weight, number of umbels/plant, weight of 1000 fruits, fruit yield per plant and per feddan, as well as, essential oil percentage and yield in comparison with untreated plants. In most cases, the most effective humic acid concentration was the highest one (10 ml/l) which gave the highest values of the aforementioned parameters. The application of the mixture of amino acids and thiamine each at 100, 200 and 400 ppm led to a significant increment of the vegetative growth traits, fruit yield and, essential oil % and yield compared to check treatment. In this regard, increasing the concentration of amino acids and vitamin B1 gradually increased the obtained values of the above-mentioned parameters. Also, spraying the mixture of the three amino acids was significantly more effective than thiamine treatments. In this concern, the highest concentration (400 ppm) of each material was the most effective, giving the best results compared to the other treatments including control. The interaction between the two examined factors i.e. humic acid and amino acids and vitamin B1 was, generally, significant on all parameters of vegetative growth, yield, oil content. The most effective treatment was the application of humic acid at 10 ml/l and amino acids mixture at 400 ppm, to improve the vegetative growth, fruits yield and oil yield of anise plant