Editorial: Affect in Sports, Physical Activity and Physical Education

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Career service papers - csp 21/2024

Themen dieser Ausgabe sind Veränderungen bei der Nachfrage nach Beschäftigung und Kompetenzen durch den Strukturwandel des Arbeitsmarktes, die berufliche Relevanz und der gesellschaftliche Wert des Studiums, Kompetenzen die auf dem Arbeitsmarkt erfolgreich machen, Konzepte und Veränderungen für die Gestaltung der Zukunft von Musikhochschulen und Strategien für das Finden eines individuell passenden Arbeitsplatzes trotz undurchsichtiger Auswahlverfahren. Artikelübersicht: Jana Fingerhut, Larissa Klemme, Luisa Kunze, Eric Thode: Wie der Strukturwandel die Nachfrage nach Beschäftigten und Kompetenzen am Arbeitsmarkt verändert Jonas Breetzke, Prof. Dr. Carla Bohndick: Ist mein Studium relevant? Wie Studierende den beruflichen und gesellschaftlichen Wert ihres Studiums wahrnehmen und wie Hochschulen ihn steigern können. Dr. Emilia Kmiotek-Meier, Lena Hoffmann, Dr. Carlo Klauth: Welche Kompetenzen brauchen Akademiker*innen, um auf dem Arbeitsmarkt erfolgreich zu sein? Carmen M. Thiel: „Wir brauchen Visionen, neue Konzepte und Veränderungen, um die Zukunft der Musikhochschulen positiv gestalten zu können.“ Prof. Dr. Uwe P. Kanning: Wie finde ich einen Arbeitsplatz, der zu mir passt? Professionelles Auftreten in unprofessionellen Auswahlverfahren

Failure of sucrose replacement with the non-nutritive sweetener erythritol to alter GLP-1 or PYY release or test meal size in lean or obese people.

There is considerable interest in the effect of foods containing high intensity sweeteners on satiation. However, less is known about low-calorie bulk sweeteners such as erythritol. In this randomized three-way crossover study, we studied 10 lean and 10 obese volunteers who consumed three test meals on separate occasions: (a) control sucrose meal; (b) isovolumic meal with partial replacement of sucrose by erythritol; (c) isocaloric meal which contained more erythritol but equivalent calories to the control meal. We measured gut hormone levels, hunger and satiety scores, ad libitum food intake, sucrose preference and intake after the manipulations. There was a greater post-prandial excursion in glucose and insulin levels after sucrose than after the erythritol meals. There was no difference in GLP-1/PYY levels or subsequent energy intake and sucrose preference between sucrose control and isovolumic erythritol meals. In lean (but not obese) participants, hunger decreased to a greater extent after the isocaloric erythritol meal compared to the control meal (p = 0.003) reflecting the larger volume of this meal. Replacing sucrose with erythritol leads to comparable hunger and satiety scores, GLP-1 and PYY levels, and subsequent sucrose preference and intake.Wellcome Trust, National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Bernard Wolfe Health Neuroscience Fund, Swiss National Science Foundation (Grant IDs: PBLAP3-145870, P3SMP3-155318), NeuroFAST consortium, European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/ 2007e2013) Grant ID: 245009), Cargill, Sas van Gent, The NetherlandsThis is the final version of the article. It first appeared from Elsevier via http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2016.09.00

Prescribed Drug Use and Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Incidence: A Drug-Wide Association Study

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Current benefits of invasive intracranial aneurysm treatment to prevent aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) rarely outweigh treatment risks. Most intracranial aneurysms thus remain untreated. Commonly prescribed drugs reducing aSAH incidence may provide leads for drug repurposing. We performed a drug-wide association study (DWAS) to systematically investigate the association between commonly prescribed drugs and aSAH incidence. METHODS: We defined all aSAH cases between 2000 and 2020 using International Classification of Diseases codes from the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage databank. Each case was matched with 9 controls based on age, sex, and year of database entry. We investigated commonly prescribed drugs (>2% in study population) and defined 3 exposure windows relative to the most recent prescription before index date (i.e., occurrence of aSAH): current (within 3 months), recent (3-12 months), and past (>12 months). A logistic regression model was fitted to compare drug use across these exposure windows vs never use, controlling for age, sex, known aSAH risk factors, and health care utilization. The family-wise error rate was kept at p < 0.05 through Bonferroni correction. RESULTS: We investigated exposure to 205 commonly prescribed drugs between 4,879 aSAH cases (mean age 61.4, 61.2% women) and 43,911 matched controls. We found similar trends for lisinopril and amlodipine, with a decreased aSAH risk for current use (lisinopril odds ratio [OR] 0.63, 95% CI 0.44-0.90, amlodipine OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.65-1.04) and an increased aSAH risk for recent use (lisinopril OR 1.30, 95% CI 0.61-2.78, amlodipine OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.04-2.48). A decreased aSAH risk in current use was also found for simvastatin (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.64-0.96), metformin (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.43-0.78), and tamsulosin (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.32-0.93). By contrast, an increased aSAH risk was found for current use of warfarin (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.02-1.79), venlafaxine (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.01-2.75), prochlorperazine (OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.45-3.18), and co-codamol (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.10-1.56). DISCUSSION: We identified several drugs associated with aSAH, of which 5 drugs (lisinopril and possibly amlodipine, simvastatin, metformin, and tamsulosin) showed a decreased aSAH risk. Future research should build on these signals to further assess the effectiveness of these drugs in reducing aSAH incidence. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides Class III evidence that some commonly prescribed drugs are associated with subsequent development of aSAH

Prediction of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in comparison with other stroke types using routine care data

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) can be prevented by early detection and treatment of intracranial aneurysms in high-risk individuals. We investigated whether individuals at high risk of aSAH in the general population can be identified by developing an aSAH prediction model with electronic health records (EHR) data. To assess the aSAH model's relative performance, we additionally developed prediction models for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and compared the discriminative performance of the models. We included individuals aged ≥35 years without history of stroke from a Dutch routine care database (years 2007-2020) and defined outcomes aSAH, AIS and ICH using International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes. Potential predictors included sociodemographic data, diagnoses, medications, and blood measurements. We cross-validated a Cox proportional hazards model with an elastic net penalty on derivation cohorts and reported the c-statistic and 10-year calibration on validation cohorts. We examined 1,040,855 individuals (mean age 54.6 years, 50.9% women) for a total of 10,173,170 person-years (median 11 years). 17,465 stroke events occurred during follow-up: 723 aSAH, 14,659 AIS, and 2,083 ICH. The aSAH model's c-statistic was 0.61 (95%CI 0.57-0.65), which was lower than the c-statistic of the AIS (0.77, 95%CI 0.77-0.78) and ICH models (0.77, 95%CI 0.75-0.78). All models were well-calibrated. The aSAH model identified 19 predictors, of which the 10 strongest included age, female sex, population density, socioeconomic status, oral contraceptive use, gastroenterological complaints, obstructive airway medication, epilepsy, childbirth complications, and smoking. Discriminative performance of the aSAH prediction model was moderate, while it was good for the AIS and ICH models. We conclude that it is currently not feasible to accurately identify individuals at increased risk for aSAH using EHR data