Design and Implementation of an Intelligent PI Controller for a Real Time Non Linear pH Neutralization Process

In many chemical processes, pH is one of the most important parameter and control of the pH is highly non linear due to the complex nature of processes. PID controllers are widely used in process industries to control linear, non-linear and stable, unstable systems. Selection of the suitable controller tuning procedure is important to improve the performance of the PID controller and hence the process variable can be controlled in better manner. In this work, Firefly Algorithm (FA) based intelligent PI controller is attempted for a Non Linear pH control process in real time. The effectiveness of the FA controller is studied in the selected operating regions and the results are validated with Relay Feedback (RFB) method and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method based controllers in the simulation environment. The simulation results indicated that the steady state performance and error performance indices of the FA controller are better than the RFB and PSO controller in the selected operating regions. The FA controller is also implemented in the real time laboratory pH control system, the results confirm that the servo response and regulatory response of the proposed intelligent controller provides better performance with the FA based PI Controllers

Is patient acceptance of the diagnosis of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures linked to symptomatology?

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SIMILARITY AND NONSIMILARITY SOLUTIONS ON FLOW AND HEAT TRANSFER OVER A WEDGE WITH POWER LAW STREAM CONDITION

The similarity and non-similarity analysis are presented to investigate the effect of buoyancy force on the steady flow and heat transfer of fluid past a heated wedge. The fluid is assumed to be a Newtonian, viscous and incompressible. The wall of the wedge is an impermeable with power law free stream velocity and a wall temperature. Due to the effect of a buoyancy force, a power law of free stream velocity and wall temperature, then the flow field is similar when n = 2m - 1, otherwise is non-similar when n ≠ 2m - 1. The governing boundary layer equations are written into dimensionless forms of ordinary differential equations by means of Falkner-Skan transformation. The resulting ordinary differential equations are solved by Runge-Kutta Gill with shooting method for finding a skin friction and a rate of heat transfer. The effects of buoyancy force and non-uniform wall temperature parameters on the dimensionless velocity and temperature profiles are shown graphically. Comparisons with previously published works are performed and excellent agreement between the results is obtained. The conclusion is drawn that the flow field and temperature profiles are significantly influenced by these parameters

SIMILARITY AND NONSIMILARITY SOLUTIONS ON FLOW AND HEAT TRANSFER OVER A WEDGE WITH POWER LAW STREAM CONDITION

The similarity and non-similarity analysis are presented to investigate the effect of buoyancy force on the steady flow and heat transfer of fluid past a heated wedge. The fluid is assumed to be a Newtonian, viscous and incompressible. The wall of the wedge is an impermeable with power law free stream velocity and a wall temperature. Due to the effect of a buoyancy force, a power law of free stream velocity and wall temperature, then the flow field is similar when n = 2m - 1, otherwise is non-similar when n ≠ 2m - 1. The governing boundary layer equations are written into dimensionless forms of ordinary differential equations by means of Falkner-Skan transformation. The resulting ordinary differential equations are solved by Runge-Kutta Gill with shooting method for finding a skin friction and a rate of heat transfer. The effects of buoyancy force and non-uniform wall temperature parameters on the dimensionless velocity and temperature profiles are shown graphically. Comparisons with previously published works are performed and excellent agreement between the results is obtained. The conclusion is drawn that the flow field and temperature profiles are significantly influenced by these parameters

AN ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL DRUG-DRUG INTERACTIONS IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Objective: To an assessment of potential drug-drug interactions in hypertensive patients in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: A prospective, observational study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital, Erode for a period of 8 mo. A sample of 480 patients was assessed for PDDIs using drug checker in Micromedex®-2.7. Results: A total of 430 patients were analyzed and it was found to be 396 (82.50%) hypertensive patients had PDDIs, and a sum total of 1160 PDDIs were observed. Potential drug-drug interactions (PDDIs) higher in female hypertensive patients [255 (64.39%)] compared to males. Incidences of PDDIs were found to be higher in the age group of 60-70 y were [177 (44.69%)] and incidences of interactions based on the duration of (4-6 d) hospital stays were 272 (68.68%). Moreover, 49.24% of patients were found to be prescribed with more than 7 drugs, with higher incidences of PDDIs. Some of the most common drug interacting pair was between aspirin and clopidogrel combination observed in 325 PDDIs in the major, with pharmacodynamics in nature. Conclusion: Clinical pharmacist ought to have the role of regular monitoring of drug therapy in identifying and preventing the medications that have the potential to cause drug-drug interactions, thereby minimizing the undesirable outcomes in drug medical care and improving the quality of care

Larval rearing trials of the honeycomb grouper Epinephelus merra Bloch under laboratory conditions

Groupers being economically important food fishes are experimented widely for controlled breeding world over. In India, attempts were made on few species of the genus Epinephelus such as E. tauvina, E. malabaricus and E. polyphekadion at the Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute and limited success was achieved. The present paper discusses on larval rearing trials of the honeycomb grouper E. merra up to juvenile stage. Larvae measuring 1.3 – 1.6 mm obtained from the captive spawning of broodstock of E. merra were used for the larval rearing studies. The feeding protocol, water exchange and larval rearing methods adopted are detailed. The larval mouth opening appeared on day 3 post-hatch. The larvae gradually metamorphosed into juvenile by day 60 and attained a size of 45 mm. The possible reasons for initial mortality, the advantage of HUFA rich feeding and effect of large volume of rearing tanks on the growth and survival of the larvae are discusse

Embryonic and larval development of honeycomb grouper Epinephelus merra Bloch

Spawning and successful rearing of larvae of honeycomb grouper Epinephelus merra Bloch 1793 upto juvenile stagewas accomplished at the ¢n¢sh hatchery of Mandapam Regional Centre of Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute during 2004. The fertilized eggs were free, spherical and buoyant with size ranging from 710 to 730 mm. Complete early embryonic development took place within 24^27 h and hatching occurred.The hatchlings measured1.5mm. Mouth opening (115 mm) appeared at 72 h when the larvae were 2.2mm in size. Pectoral ¢n developed on the ¢fth day. Complete metamorphosis took place and by the 60th day the larvae transformed into juveniles (45mm) and attained skin colouration and honeycomb pattern

Effect of in situ soil moisture conservation practices on maize and its crop residue incorporation on yield and economics of succeeding transplanted rice Var. ADT 46

Crop residue incorporation is a key component of sustainable cropping systems. It reduces the adverse effects of residue burning and enhances soil fertility. Effective usage of crop residue in the field and proper management are required. With this background, a field experiment was conducted during 2020 – 21 in the maize-rice cropping sequence at Annamalai University Experimental Farm, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu to find out the residual effect of different mulching practices adopted in preceding maize crop and maize stubble incorporation on the growth, yield and economics of transplanted rice Var. ADT 46. The field experiment was conducted in Factorial Randomized Block Design with three replications. In factor I, soil moisture conservation in preceding maize crop viz., mulching of sugarcane trash, water hyacinth, hydrogel and control were allotted. In factor II, different levels of maize crop stubble incorporation on rice viz., 0, 33, 66 and 100% were provided. Water hyacinth mulched plot (M3) to the preceding crop registered significantly (þ <0.05) higher yield parameters, yield and economic returns of succeeding rice. The lower values were observed in unmulched (M1) plot. With respect to maize crop stubble incorporation on rice crop, the incorporation of 66% (SI3) of maize stubble registered higher yield parameters, yield and economic returns. In the interaction effects, mulching with water hyacinth to preceding maize + maize crop stubble incorporation at 66% in rice crop (M3SI3) recorded significantly (þ <0.05) higher yield parameters, yield and economic returns than other treatments. The lowest values were recorded with an unmulched + 100% crop residue incorporated (M1SI4) plot. Mulching the preceding maize crop with water hyacinth at a rate of 12 t ha-1 and incorporating 66% maize stubble into the transplanted rice (M3SI3) had a remarkable yield advantage and financial rewards

Implementation of Fault-tolerant Quantum Logic Gates via Optimal Control

The implementation of fault-tolerant quantum gates on encoded logic qubits is considered. It is shown that transversal implementation of logic gates based on simple geometric control ideas is problematic for realistic physical systems suffering from imperfections such as qubit inhomogeneity or uncontrollable interactions between qubits. However, this problem can be overcome by formulating the task as an optimal control problem and designing efficient algorithms to solve it. In particular, we can find solutions that implement all of the elementary logic gates in a fixed amount of time with limited control resources for the five-qubit stabilizer code. Most importantly, logic gates that are extremely difficult to implement using conventional techniques even for ideal systems, such as the T-gate for the five-qubit stabilizer code, do not appear to pose a problem for optimal control.Comment: 18 pages, ioptex, many figure

MHD squeezing flow of nanoliquid on a porous stretched surface: numerical study

This work is aimed at conducting a comparative study between two base fluids water as well as ethylene glycol along with nanoparticle (oxide aluminium). Analysis is done for determining unsteadiness between two parallel walls, wherein squeezing of upper wall towards lower is done, while porous stretching surface is lower. The mathematical formulation uses constitutive expression pertaining to viscous nanoliquids. By keeping a variable magnetic field, conduction of nanoliquid is done electrically. The partial differential equations concerning the issue were resolved after transforming to ordinary differential equations by employing forth-fifth Runge-Kutta Fehlberg method. The effect of disparity in various parameters pertaining to temperature, velocity and concentration profile of nanoparticle is first plotted and then tabulated. Based on the obtained results, the velocity field was seen to enhance with rise in squeezing parameter values. Squeezing parameters that possess larger values result in decrease in temperature and concentration profiles of nanoparticles. The heat transfer of nanoliquids was seen to improve with squeezing flow, magnetic field parameter and nanoparticle volume fraction. For the rate of skin friction pertaining to ethylene glycol and water, dominance was seen for magnetic parameter M, suction parameter S and nanoparticle volume fraction parameter