Unstable states in dissociation of relativistic nuclei. Recent findings and prospects of researches

The invariant mass method is used to identify the $^8$Be and $^9$B nuclei and Hoyle state formed in dissociation of relativistic nuclei in a nuclear track emulsion. It is shown that to identify these extremely short-lived states in the case of the isotopes $^9$Be, $^{10}$B, $^{10}$C, $^{11}$C, $^{12}$C, and $^{16}$O, it is sufficient to determine the invariant mass as a function of the angles in pairs and triples of He and H fragments in the approximation of the conservation of momentum per nucleon of the parent nucleus. According to the criteria established in this way, the contribution of these three unstable states was evaluated in the relativistic fragmentation of the $^{28}$Si and $^{197}$Au nuclei.Comment: To be published in the European Physical Journal A. Topical issue "Light Clusters in Nuclei and Nuclear Matter: Nuclear Structure and Decay, Heavy Ion Collisions, and Astrophysics

Реваскуляризация при поражении артерий аортоподвздошного сегмента. Обзор литературы и клинические примеры

This article reports the main issues concerning the tactics of choosing the treatment of patients with occlusive-stenotic lesions of the aortoiliac segment. The key issues of the current Russian, European and American recommendations for revascularization of the peripheral vessels are demonstrated. Attention is paid to the latest studies comparing the results of open surgery and endovascular correction methods. Clinical cases are presented that demonstrate the optimal results of the use of endovascular technologies in conditions of extensive hemodynamically significant lesions and occlusion of the iliac arteries. The conclusion was made about the high efficiency and safety of interventional management in the treatment of patients with atherosclerotic lesions of the aortoiliac segment. В настоящей статье рассмотрены основные вопросы, касающиеся выбора тактики лечения больных с окклюзионно-стенотическими поражениями аорто-подвздошного сегмента. Продемонстрированы ключевые положения действующих российских, европейских и американских рекомендаций по реваскуляризации периферического русла. Уделено внимание последним исследованиям, сравнивающим результаты открытой хирургии и эндоваскулярных методов коррекции. Приведены клинические случаи, демонстрирующие оптимальные результаты применения интервенционных технологий в условиях протяженного гемодинамически значимого поражения и окклюзии подвздошных артерий. Сделано заключение о высокой эффективности и безопасности эндоваскулярной коррекции в лечении больных с атеросклеротическим поражением аорто-подвздошного сегмента.

Determination of the muon charge sign with the dipolar spectrometers of the OPERA experiment

The OPERA long-baseline neutrino-oscillation experiment has observed the direct appearance of $\nu_\tau$ in the CNGS $\nu_\mu$ beam. Two large muon magnetic spectrometers are used to identify muons produced in the $\tau$ leptonic decay and in $\nu_\mu^{CC}$ interactions by measuring their charge and momentum. Besides the kinematic analysis of the $\tau$ decays, background resulting from the decay of charmed particles produced in $\nu_\mu^{CC}$ interactions is reduced by efficiently identifying the muon track. A new method for the charge sign determination has been applied, via a weighted angular matching of the straight track-segments reconstructed in the different parts of the dipole magnets. Results obtained for Monte Carlo and real data are presented. Comparison with a method where no matching is used shows a significant reduction of up to 40\% of the fraction of wrongly determined charges.Comment: 10 pages. Improvements in the tex

Endovascular recanalization of chronic infrarenal aortic occlusion in a patient with two-vessel coronary artery disease: a case report

A case report on endovascular treatment of occlusion of the infrarenal aorta and iliac arteries in a patient with hemodynamically significant two-vessel coronary artery disease is presented. After a thorough examination and assessment of surgical risks, a multidisciplinary team meeting chose a staged revascularization strategy: stage 1 — percutaneous coronary intervention in the left anterior descending artery and right coronary artery; stage 2 — endovascular recanalization of aorto-iliac segment occlusion using the kissing stents technique. There were no perioperative complications and the patient was discharged on the 4th day after surgery in a satisfactory condition. The choice in favor of these types of reconstruction and staged revascularization strategy was substantiated. A conclusion was made about the effectiveness and safety of implemented measures

Evidence for νμ→ντ\nu_\mu \to \nu_\tau appearance in the CNGS neutrino beam with the OPERA experiment

The OPERA experiment is designed to search for $\nu_{\mu} \rightarrow \nu_{\tau}$ oscillations in appearance mode i.e. through the direct observation of the $\tau$ lepton in $\nu_{\tau}$ charged current interactions. The experiment has taken data for five years, since 2008, with the CERN Neutrino to Gran Sasso beam. Previously, two $\nu_{\tau}$ candidates with a $\tau$ decaying into hadrons were observed in a sub-sample of data of the 2008-2011 runs. Here we report the observation of a third $\nu_\tau$ candidate in the $\tau^-\to\mu^-$ decay channel coming from the analysis of a sub-sample of the 2012 run. Taking into account the estimated background, the absence of $\nu_{\mu} \rightarrow \nu_{\tau}$ oscillations is excluded at the 3.4 $\sigma$ level.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, 1 table

Limits on muon-neutrino to tau-neutrino oscillations induced by a sterile neutrino state obtained by OPERA at the CNGS beam

The OPERA experiment, exposed to the CERN to Gran Sasso $\nu_\mu$ beam, collected data from 2008 to 2012. Four oscillated $\nu_\tau$ Charged Current interaction candidates have been detected in appearance mode, which are consistent with $\nu_\mu \to \nu_\tau$ oscillations at the atmospheric $\Delta m^2$ within the "standard" three-neutrino framework. In this paper, the OPERA $\nu_\tau$ appearance results are used to derive limits on the mixing parameters of a massive sterile neutrino.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures; reference to Planck result updated in the Introduction. Submitted to JHE

Procedure for short-lived particle detection in the OPERA experiment and its application to charm decays

The OPERA experiment, designed to perform the first observation of $\nu_\mu \rightarrow \nu_\tau$ oscillations in appearance mode through the detection of the $\tau$ leptons produced in $\nu_\tau$ charged current interactions, has collected data from 2008 to 2012. In the present paper, the procedure developed to detect $\tau$ particle decays, occurring over distances of the order of 1 mm from the neutrino interaction point, is described in detail. The results of its application to the search for charmed hadrons are then presented as a validation of the methods for $\nu_\tau$ appearance detection

Observation of nu_tau appearance in the CNGS beam with the OPERA experiment

The OPERA experiment is searching for nu_mu -> nu_tau oscillations in appearance mode i.e. via the direct detection of tau leptons in nu_tau charged current interactions. The evidence of nu_mu -> nu_tau appearance has been previously reported with three nu_tau candidate events using a sub-sample of data from the 2008-2012 runs. We report here a fourth nu_tau candidate event, with the tau decaying into a hadron, found after adding the 2012 run events without any muon in the final state to the data sample. Given the number of analysed events and the low background, nu_mu -> nu_tau oscillations are established with a significance of 4.2sigma.Comment: Submitted to Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (PTEP

Ранние результаты после шунтирования коронарных артерий у пациентов с выраженной ишемической дисфункцией левого желудочка

Introduction. The number of patients with severe ischemic left ventricular dysfunction (ILVD), who undergo coronary artery bypass, increasing each year. ILVD is an established risk factor for mortality in patients after myocardial revascularization during the early and late postoperative periods.Aim of study. To evaluate the early results of surgical myocardial revascularization in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and severe ILVD.Material and methods. The study included 149 patients with coronary artery disease with severe left ventricular dysfunction (ejection fraction (EF) ≤39%), operated from January 2002 to December 2018. different variables were assessed (pre- and postoperative), including LV ejection fraction and end systolic volume index (ESVI).Results. The average age of the patients was 59.36±8.97 years (from 30 to 78 years), 93% of the patients were men. In 28 patients (19%), ILVD developed against the background of myocardial infarction (MI) and in 121 (81%) due to ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICMP) with a history of myocardial infarction. The mean EF before surgery was 36.64±3.17 (from 21 to 39%). In the postoperative period, there was an increase in EF, which averaged 44.92±4.92 (from 36 to 59%) (p value <0.001). The mean LV ESVI before surgery was 60.23±11.52 ml/m2. In the immediate postoperative period ESVI decreased to 46.26±12.40 ml/m2 (the value of p<0.001). The average number of bypass coronary arteries in one patient was 3.9±0.87. There was also a decrease in the degree of mitral regurgitation in most patients after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) (p value <0.001). Hospital mortality was 2% (3 patients).Conclusion. Coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with severe ischemic left ventricular dysfunction can be performed with low mortality. Surgical myocardial revascularization can be considered a safe and effective operation for patients with coronary artery disease with a satisfactory condition of the distal coronary arteries, low ejection fraction, and with a predominance of viable myocardium.Введение. Количество пациентов с тяжелой ишемической левожелудочковой дисфункцией (ИЛЖД), которым выполняют шунтирование коронарных артерий, увеличивается из года в год. ИЛЖД является установленным фактором риска смертельных исходов у больных после реваскуляризации миокарда в раннем и отдаленном послеоперационном периодах.Цель исследования. Оценить ранние результаты хирургической реваскуляризации миокарда у больных ишемической болезнью сердца (ИБС) и выраженной ИЛЖД.Материал и методы. В исследования включены 149 больных ИБС с тяжелым нарушением функции левого желудочка — ЛЖ (фракция выброса (ФВ) ≤39%), оперированных с января 2002 г. по декабрь 2018 г. Были оценены различные переменные величины (предоперационные и послеоперационные), включая такие, как ФВ ЛЖ и индекс конечно систолического объема (ИКСО).Результаты. Средний возраст пациентов составил 59,36±8,97 года (от 30 до 78 лет), 93% пациентов были мужчинами. У 28 пациентов (19%) ИЛЖД развилась на фоне острого инфаркта миокарда (ОИМ) и у 121 (81%) — вследствие ишемической кардиомиопатии (ИКМП) с перенесенным инфарктом миокарда в анамнезе. Среднее значение ФВ ЛЖ перед операцией составило 36,64±3,17 (от 21 до 39%). В послеоперационном периоде отмечалось увеличение ФВ ЛЖ, которое составило в среднем 44,92±4,92 (от 36 до 59%) (значение р<0,001). Среднее значение ИКСО ЛЖ до операции составило 60,23±11,52 мл/м2. В ближайшем послеоперационном периоде отмечено снижение ИКСО до 46,26±12,40 мл/м2 (значение р<0,001). Среднее количество шунтированных коронарных артерий у одного пациента составило 3,9±0,87. Наблюдалось также уменьшение степени митральной регургитации у большинства больных после коронарного шунтирования (КШ) (значение р<0,001). Госпитальная летальность составила 2% (3 пациента).Выводы. Коронарное шунтирование у пациентов с тяжелой формой ишемической левожелудочковой дисфункции может быть выполнено с низкой летальностью. Хирургическую реваскуляризацию миокарда можно считать безопасной и эффективной операцией для пациентов с ишемической болезнью сердца с удовлетворительным состоянием дистальных отделов коронарных артерий, низкой фракцией выброса и с преобладанием жизнеспособного миокарда

The alpha 7 nicotinic receptor agonist PHA-543613 hydrochloride inhibits <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>-induced expression of interleukin-8 by oral keratinocytes

Objective: The alpha 7 nicotinic receptor (α7nAChR) is expressed by oral keratinocytes. α7nAChR activation mediates anti-inflammatory responses. The objective of this study was to determine if α7nAChR activation inhibited pathogen-induced interleukin-8 (IL-8) expression by oral keratinocytes.&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt; Materials and methods: Periodontal tissue expression of α7nAChR was determined by real-time PCR. OKF6/TERT-2 oral keratinocytes were exposed to &lt;i&gt;Porphyromonas gingivalis&lt;/i&gt; in the presence and absence of a α7nAChR agonist (PHA-543613 hydrochloride) alone or after pre-exposure to a specific α7nAChR antagonist (α-bungarotoxin). Interleukin-8 (IL-8) expression was measured by ELISA and real-time PCR. Phosphorylation of the NF-κB p65 subunit was determined using an NF-κB p65 profiler assay and STAT-3 activation by STAT-3 in-cell ELISA. The release of ACh from oral keratinocytes in response to &lt;i&gt;P. gingivalis&lt;/i&gt; lipopolysaccharide was determined using a GeneBLAzer M3 CHO-K1-blacell reporter assay.&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt; Results: Expression of α7nAChR mRNA was elevated in diseased periodontal tissue. PHA-543613 hydrochloride inhibited &lt;i&gt;P. Gingivalis&lt;/i&gt;-induced expression of IL-8 at the transcriptional level. This effect was abolished when cells were pre-exposed to a specific α7nAChR antagonist, α-bungarotoxin. PHA-543613 hydrochloride downregulated NF-κB signalling through reduced phosphorylation of the NF-κB p65-subunit. In addition, PHA-543613 hydrochloride promoted STAT-3 signalling by maintenance of phosphorylation. Furthermore, oral keratinocytes upregulated ACh release in response to &lt;i&gt;P. Gingivalis&lt;/i&gt; lipopolysaccharide.&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt; Conclusion: These data suggest that α7nAChR plays a role in regulating the innate immune responses of oral keratinocytes.&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt