Transmission of Information and Interaction in the Mutual Motion of Two Physical Bodies MSR (Motion Shapes Reality)

Abstract When two bodies are in mutual motion, it should not be considered that one of them is stationary while the other moves or vice versa, but that both bodies move in relation to the center of mass (which is motionless, conditionally) and that they move at speeds dependent on the relationships of their masses, which is the consequence of the law of conservation of momentum. The time of a light signal travelling between two bodies A and B in mutual motion at the velocity of v 0 depends on the relationship between the masses of these bodies m A and m B , so light signal travel time from the body A to the body B differs from the light signal travel time from the body B to the body A. In accordance with this, the following notions are defined: the relationship of the time difference (interval) between two successively emitted light signals from one body and the time difference (interval) of receiving these two signals by the other body, as well as the intensity and relationship between the relative velocities v of the two bodies measured from one body and from the other body. In addition, the expressions are derived for the Doppler shift in the function of velocity v 0 of the mutual motion of two bodies A and B and the relationship between the masses of these bodies m A and m B . The results of this study prove that the formulae of the special theory of relativity (STR) have not been duly derived (since they disregard the masses of the bodies in mutual motion) and that they do not offer correct results

Procena vrednosti holedohoduodeno anastamoze (HDA) u hiruškom lečenju benignih opstruktivnih oboljenja žučnih puteva

Benign biliary obstruction (BBO) is the most common group of biliary disorders, following gallbladder calculosis. Interrupted or reduced bile flow into the duodenum, especially long-term, induces mechanic obstructive syndrome with all its consequences (primarily cholestasis) that requires prompt treatment (surgical or endoscopic). Regardless of the significance and opportunities of endoscopic treatment, it is still applicable in limited number of indications in only 15-25% of BBO patients. BBO surgery is very versatile and one of its forms is biliodigestive anastomosis (BDA) which represents surgically created communication between biliary tree and gastrointestinal tract aiming to maintain adequate bile drainage into the duodenum or jejunum. Choledochoduodenostomy (ChDA) is one of the BDA that is characterized by fast and simple technique of creation and small blood loss. These features make it very useful, especially in elderly and other patients with high operative risk. ChDA is used in distal benign biliary obstruction (papillary stenosis, chronic pancreatitis, common bile duct calculosis) and in patients with multiple, recurrent, residual or intrahepatic calculosis. It is also useful in patients that underwent unsuccessful endoscopic procedures or in cases when endoscopy is not available. On the other hand, it is considered that ChDA is associated with certain percent of complications, primarily cholangitis and „sump“ syndome that occur as a consequence of duodeno-biliary reflux that may be present after ChDA creation. In surgery Clinic in Nis there is a huge experience in BBO treatment. Our study included 100 operated patients in whom ChDA was created for BBO (50 were analyzed retrospectively and 50 prospectively). Some of the analyzed parameters were determined preoperatively, some intraoperatively (duration of surgery, operative technique, blood loss) and some postoperatively (during postoperative recovery and five years after surgery). After the analysis of the data obtained the safety, efficiency and competence of ChDA were determined, both during the postoperative recovery period and long-term, five years after surgery. The data analysis was done using contemporary methodology and it was determined that ChDA was fast, simple and efficient anastomosis useful in treatment of certain forms of BBO. Serious complications occur in a small percentage and it is possible to avoid them with adequate choice of indication and meticulous operative technique. Complications during postoperative recovery occurred in 14,3% of our patients, with predominance of minor surgical complications (grade I and II, transient conditions that did not require invansive treatment). Immediately after the ChDA creation, duodeno-biliary reflux occur in almost all of the cases (registered in 91,7% of our patients). After 5 years the percentage of this reflux decreases to 21,9% and is not always associated with pathophysiological consequences. Although defined as “reflux” anastomosis, ChDA is associated with small incidence of cholangitis both during postoperative recovery period (3,1%) and long-term postoperatively (4,88%). Dehiscence and stenosis are rare complications of this anastomosis (3,1% and 2,4% respectively). Serious bleeding after ChDA occurred in 1,03% of our patients (in one retrospectively analyzed patient). Intrahospital mortality was very low considering the complex health condition of patients that underwent ChDA (2%). After 5 years period 70,73% of patients were without any complications, 82,92% have declared no health problems and symptoms or had very few complaints that did not required intensive nor invasive treatment. “Sump” syndrome was detected in one of our patients analyzed retrospectively (2,43%); chronic gastritis as a long-term consequence of ChDA was detected in two of our patients analyzed retrospectively (4,87%). Scintigraphy in our study patients during early and late postoperative course confirmed the competence of the anastomosis and did not show statistically significant difference between the groups, proving that ChDA is not only fast but also definitive treatment of cholestasis syndrome. Due to its indisputable efficiency in the treatment of certain types of biliary obstruction, learning precise indications and technique of performing ChDA have to be included in every general surgeon basic skills

The Impact of One Heat Treated Contact Element on the Coefficient of Static Friction

The subject of the paper includes theoretical considerations, the conducting of experimental tests, and the analysis of exposed test results related to determination of the coefficient of static friction of previously heat-treated contact pairs. One contact element is previously, before the procedure of determining the coefficient of static friction, heated at temperatures in the range of ambient temperature to 280°C and then cooled down to ambient temperature. The results of experimental tests of five different materials show that depending on the heat treatment of one contact element, there is a significant decrease in the coefficient of static friction. The authors of the paper consider that the reasons for the decreasing coefficient of static friction are related to oxide formation and changes in the surface layer of the contact element which is previously heat-treated

Reaction of Diphenyldiazomethane with Phosphorus Monothioacids

The mechanism of the reaction of phosphorus monothioacids with diaryldiazomethanes was studied in different solvent systems at 20 °c. The thiolo to thiono product ratios were determined by 1H NMR spectroscopy and g.l.c. of the reaction mixtures. The results imply that the reaction involves two competing processes leading to the corresponding S- and 0-isomeric esters

Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of total polyphenolic compounds from Juglans nigra L. leaves

The ultrasound-assisted extraction of Juglans nigra L. leaves was optimized with respect to total phenolic content (TP) of the extracts by varying the concentration of aqueous ethanol solution (E) and different solvent-to-solid ratio (S). The influence and optimum of the operating parameters (E and S) was examined using response surface methodology (RSM). The statistical criteria indicated the adequacy, reliability and precision of the developed RSM model. RSM showed that maximum extraction yield of TP 28.59 mg g(-1) of draw plant was achieved at the optimal values of 50% E and 20 kg kg(-1) S. Using the modelled optimized conditions, the detected relative difference between the predicted and the experimental yield was +/- 2.3 %. The determined TP content in the extracts varied from 12.54 to 29.26 mg GAE g(-1) of dry plant indicated that J. nigra is a valuable source of phenolic substances. The extracts of J. nigra leaves obtained under optimal conditions showed good antioxidant activity (IC50 = = 18.91 +/- 0.03 mu g cm(-3)) which was determined by the scavenging effect on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical. The optimization of the TP extraction process is the important step in improving techno-economics of the potential commercial preparation of J. nigra extracts, as natural source of antioxidants

Neuroinflammation in Autism and Supplementation Based on Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: A Narrative Review

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests and activities. The maternal status of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) regulates microglial activity and neuroinflammatory pathways during a child’s brain development. In children with ASD, the metabolism of PUFA is thought to be deficient or abnormal, leading to increased production of proinflammatory cytokines, increased oxidative stress and an imbalance in the formation and action of neurotransmitters. In addition, nutritional deficits in omega-3 PUFA may affect gut microbiota and contribute to ASD by the gut–brain axis. The aim of this study was to review the possible role of neuroinflammation in ASD development and the effect of omega-3 PUFA supplementation in children with ASD. Due to a wide heterogeneity across RCTs, no definitive conclusion about omega-3 PUFA effects in ASD can be drawn. Supplementation with PUFA could be considered as one of the aspects in regulating the biological status of the organism and could provide added value to standard medical and psychological interventions for reducing behavioral deficits

Standardized Aronia melanocarpa Extract as Novel Supplement against Metabolic Syndrome: A Rat Model

The aim of our study was to examine the effects of different dietary strategies, high-fat (HFd) or standard diet (Sd) alone or in combination with standardized oral supplementation (0.45 mL/kg/day) of Aronia melanocarpa extract (SAE) in rats with metabolic syndrome (MetS). SAE is an official product of pharmaceutical company Pharmanova (Belgrade, Serbia); however, the procedure for extraction was done by EU-Chem company (Belgrade, Serbia). Rats were divided randomly into six groups: control with Sd, control with Sd and SAE, MetS with HFd, MetS with HFd and SAE, MetS with Sd and MetS with Sd and SAE during 4 weeks. At the end of the 4-week protocol, cardiac function and liver morphology were assessed, while in the blood samples glucose, insulin, iron levels and systemic redox state were determined. Our results demonstrated that SAE had the ability to lower blood pressure and exert benefits on in vivo and ex vivo heart function. Moreover, SAE improved glucose tolerance, attenuated pathological liver alterations and oxidative stress present in MetS. Obtained beneficial effects of SAE were more prominent in combination with changing dietary habits. Promising potential of SAE supplementation alone or in combination with different dietary protocols in triggering cardioprotection should be further examined in future

Chemistry of 2,4-Dioxothiazolidine. II. Ammonolysis of 2,4 Dioxothiazolidine and its Derivatives

It is found that the ammonolysis of 2,4-dioxothiazolidine gives 5-amino-2,3-dithiacaprohydroxamic·· add, while 3-plienyl-2,4-dioxothiazolidine is transformed in glycolic acid N-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)- anilide. The product of ammonolysis of 3-(3-4-dichlorophenyl)- 2,4-dioxothiazolidine proved to be 3,4-dichlorophenylcarbamid

Supplementary material for the article: Jeremić, M.; Pešić, M.; Dinić, J.; Banković, J.; Novakovićc, I.; Šegan, D.; Sladić, D. Simple Avarone Mimetics as Selective Agents against Multidrug Resistant Cancer Cells. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2016, 118, 107–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.04.011

Supplementary material for: [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.04.011]Related to published version: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2256

Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Total Extractive Substances from Galium verum L

Ultrasound-assisted extraction (US-AE) of total extractive substances from the herb Lady's Bedstraw (Galium verum L.) is useful extraction method for its application in food manufacturing. The effect of different temperatures (T) and solventto-solid ratios (S) on the US-AE extraction yield was studied in this paper. The influence and optimum of the operating parameters (T and S) was investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). The T and S had impact on extraction yield. RSM showed that the optimal extraction parameters, which gave a maximum extraction yield of 18.7%, were T of 40 oC and S of 30 kg kg(-1). Using modeled optimized conditions, detected relative difference between predicted and experimental yield was 3.3 %. RSM successfully predicted optimal parameters and proved as useful tool for standardization of extraction conditions for bioactive components from plants important for food industry