3,873 research outputs found
Smeared heat-kernel coefficients on the ball and generalized cone
We consider smeared zeta functions and heat-kernel coefficients on the
bounded, generalized cone in arbitrary dimensions. The specific case of a ball
is analysed in detail and used to restrict the form of the heat-kernel
coefficients on smooth manifolds with boundary. Supplemented by conformal
transformation techniques, it is used to provide an effective scheme for the
calculation of the . As an application, the complete coefficient
is given.Comment: 23 pages, JyTe
Differentiation and dynamics of competitiveness impacts from the EU ETS
We summarises the main factors that differentiate impacts of the EU ETS on profitability and market share. By examining sampling a range of sectors, we present some simple metrics and indicators to help judge the nature of potential impacts. We also consider briefly the mitigation response to these impacts by sectors, and how they may evolve over time. The broad conclusion confirms the aggregate findings presented in the existing literature - most participating sectors are likely to profit under the current ETS structure out to 2012 at the cost of a modest loss of market share, but this may not hold for individual companies and regions. The period 2008-12 can assist participating sectors to build experience and financial reserves for longer term technology investments and diversification, providing the continuation and basic principles of the EU ETS post-2012 is quickly defined and incentives are in place for sectors to pursue this.Emissions trading, industrial competitiveness, spillovers, allowance allocation, perverse incentives.
Determinants of Dirac operators with local boundary conditions
We study functional determinants for Dirac operators on manifolds with
boundary. We give, for local boundary conditions, an explicit formula relating
these determinants to the corresponding Green functions. We finally apply this
result to the case of a bidimensional disk under bag-like conditions.Comment: standard LaTeX, 24 pages. To appear in Jour. Math. Phy
Scattering and self-adjoint extensions of the Aharonov-Bohm hamiltonian
We consider the hamiltonian operator associated with planar sec- tions of
infinitely long cylindrical solenoids and with a homogeneous magnetic field in
their interior. First, in the Sobolev space , we characterize all
generalized boundary conditions on the solenoid bor- der compatible with
quantum mechanics, i.e., the boundary conditions so that the corresponding
hamiltonian operators are self-adjoint. Then we study and compare the
scattering of the most usual boundary con- ditions, that is, Dirichlet, Neumann
and Robin.Comment: 40 pages, 5 figure
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A Climate for Change? Critical Reflections on the Durban United Nations Climate Change Conference
Despite more than 15 years of high level efforts led by the United Nations to broker a binding agreement on emissions reduction, negotiations at every annual meeting have failed to establish a global agreement mainly due to significant disagreements between industrialized and developing countries over differentiated responsibilities in reducing emissions. In this paper I describe my experiences as a participant-observer at the 17th United Nations Climate Change summit held in Durban, South Africa during December 2011. I provide a critical analysis of the political economy of climate change and discuss power dynamics between market, state and civil society sectors as well as the shifting geopolitics that marks the emergence of China and India as major players in the climate change arena
The hybrid spectral problem and Robin boundary conditions
The hybrid spectral problem where the field satisfies Dirichlet conditions
(D) on part of the boundary of the relevant domain and Neumann (N) on the
remainder is discussed in simple terms. A conjecture for the C_1 coefficient is
presented and the conformal determinant on a 2-disc, where the D and N regions
are semi-circles, is derived. Comments on higher coefficients are made.
A hemisphere hybrid problem is introduced that involves Robin boundary
conditions and leads to logarithmic terms in the heat--kernel expansion which
are evaluated explicitly.Comment: 24 pages. Typos and a few factors corrected. Minor comments added.
Substantial Robin additions. Substantial revisio
Global Theory of Quantum Boundary Conditions and Topology Change
We analyze the global theory of boundary conditions for a constrained quantum
system with classical configuration space a compact Riemannian manifold
with regular boundary . The space \CM of self-adjoint
extensions of the covariant Laplacian on is shown to have interesting
geometrical and topological properties which are related to the different
topological closures of . In this sense, the change of topology of is
connected with the non-trivial structure of \CM. The space \CM itself can
be identified with the unitary group \CU(L^2(\Gamma,\C^N)) of the Hilbert
space of boundary data L^2(\Gamma,\C^N). A particularly interesting family of
boundary conditions, identified as the set of unitary operators which are
singular under the Cayley transform, \CC_-\cap \CC_+ (the Cayley manifold),
turns out to play a relevant role in topology change phenomena. The singularity
of the Cayley transform implies that some energy levels, usually associated
with edge states, acquire an infinity energy when by an adiabatic change the
boundary condition reaches the Cayley submanifold \CC_-. In this sense
topological transitions require an infinite amount of quantum energy to occur,
although the description of the topological transition in the space \CM is
smooth. This fact has relevant implications in string theory for possible
scenarios with joint descriptions of open and closed strings. In the particular
case of elliptic self--adjoint boundary conditions, the space \CC_- can be
identified with a Lagrangian submanifold of the infinite dimensional
Grassmannian. The corresponding Cayley manifold \CC_- is dual of the Maslov
class of \CM.Comment: 29 pages, 2 figures, harvma
Induced Technological Change: Exploring its Implications for the Economics of Atmospheric Stabilization: Synthesis Report from the Innovation Modeling Comparison Project
This paper summarizes results from ten global economy-energy-environment models implementing mechanisms of endogenous technological change (ETC). Climate policy goals represented as different CO2 stabilization levels are imposed, and the contribution of induced technological change (ITC) to meeting the goals is assessed. Findings indicate that climate policy induces additional technological change, in some models substantially. Its effect is a reduction of abatement costs in all participating models. The majority of models calculate abatement costs below 1 percent of present value aggregate gross world product for the period 2000-2100. The models predict different dynamics for rising carbon costs, with some showing a decline in carbon costs towards the end of the century. There are a number of reasons for differences in results between models; however four major drivers of differences are identified. First, the extent of the necessary CO2 reduction which depends mainly on predicted baseline emissions, determines how much a model is challenged to comply with climate policy. Second, when climate policy can offset market distortions, some models show that not costs but benefits accrue from climate policy. Third, assumptions about long-term investment behavior, e.g. foresight of actors and number of available investment options, exert a major influence. Finally, whether and how options for carbon-free energy are implemented (backstop and end-of-the-pipe technologies) strongly affects both the mitigation strategy and the abatement costs
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