Особенности клинической картины орнитоза и респираторной микоплазменной инфекции во время вспышки 2012 г.

The aim of the current study was the investigation of the clinical features of ornithosis and respiratory mycoplasma infection during autumn outbreak in 2012 in 58 patients admitted to the Institute of influenza department of adult respiratory viral infections based at St Petersburg Botkin Infectious Diseases Hospital. It has been shown that the concomitant ornithosis and respiratory mycoplasma infection were registered more often in the group of young patients and the finding was statistically significant. Pulmonary form of the infection was registered more often in patients with respiratory mycoplasmosis. It was found that in patients with mycoplasma infection catarrhal and constitutional symptoms were longer in duration than in ornithosis or in concomitant ornithosis and mycoplasmosis and the findings were statistically significant. Macrolide antibiotics can be considered as the first-line medications in treatment of respiratory mycoplasmosis and ornithosis. According to our data, these antibiotics were more effective in ornithosis.Целью настоящего исследования было изучение особенностей течения орнитоза и респираторной микоплазменной инфекции во время осенней вспышки 2012 г. у 58 человек, госпитализированных на отделение респираторных вирусных инфекций у взрослых Научно-исследовательского института гриппа, на базе 23-го отделения Клинической инфекционной больницы им. С.П. Боткина. Показано, что сочетание орнитоза с респираторным микоплазмозом статистически значимо чаще регистрировалось в группе лиц молодого возраста. Пневмоническая форма заболевания регистрировалась чаще у пациентов с респираторной микоплазменной инфекцией. Установлено, что у пациентов с микоплазменной инфекцией катаральный и интоксикационный синдром статистически значимо более продолжительный, чем при орнитозе или сочетании орнитоза с микоплазменной инфекцией. Макролидные антибиотики можно рассматривать как препараты первого ряда в лечении респираторного микоплазмоза и орнитозной инфекции. По нашим данным, препараты этой группы являлись более эффективными при орнитозной инфекции

КЛИНИКО-ЛАБОРАТОРНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ ЛЕТАЛЬНЫХ СЛУЧАЕВ ТЯЖЕЛОЙ ФОРМЫ ГРИППА А(H1N1) PDM 2009 ЗА ПЕРИОД ЭПИДЕМИИ 2015/2016 ГГ. В САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГЕ

The purpose of our study was to investigate the characteristics of severe form of influenza A (H1N1) pdm 2009 with a fatal outcome, given the comorbidities. Materials and methods. Medical histories of 105 people who died in hospitals of St. Petersburg for the period of the epidemic of 2015/16 served as material for analysis.The lethality caused by the pandemic virus type A/ H1N1 / 2009 pdm was higher in males. Most of the patients had concomitant chronic diseases in the anamnesis. Obesity was observed in 44.8% (47/105) of patients, diabetes mellitus — 28.5% (30/105), isolated heart disease — 19.0% (20/ 105), combined pathology — 48.6% (51/105). In the first biochemical analysis of blood, creatine phosphokinase, lactate dehydrogenase were increased, total protein and prothrombin consumption index were reduced. The patient's death occurred after 5 days of illness in 88.6% cases, in 11.4% — up to 5 days of illness (inclusive). The analysis of fatal cases up to 5 days of a disease and death from complications (2—4 week) didn't find significant differences in the character and frequency of comorbidity. Specific antiviral therapy has been assigned to all patients, but 48 hours later.Bilateral subtotal viral and bacterial pneumonia was identified on the section, in the majority of cases, in 70.5% with hemorrhagic component. 30% patients had cerebral oedema, 41% patients had severe toxic parenchymatouse degeneration of miocardium, liver and kidneys. The pathology of the cardiovascular system, diabetes and obesity worsen the prognosis of the disease. Increased creatine phosphokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and reduced total protein and prothrombin consumption index can be considered as markers of severe influenza. The ineffectiveness of antiviral therapy due to its late appointment, thus timely initiation of etiotropic treatment is very impotent. Целью нашего исследования было изучение особенностей течения тяжелой формы гриппа А(H1N1) pdm 2009 с летальным исходом у взрослых с учетом преморбидного фона. Материалом для анализа послужили истории болезни 105 человек, умерших в стационарах Санкт-Петербурга за эпидемию 2015/16 гг.Показано, что летальные случаи, обусловленные пандемическим вирусом типа А/Н1N1/ pdm 2009 чаще регистрировались у мужчин. В анамнезе у большей части пациентов были отмечены сопутствующие хронические заболевания. Сочетанная патология — 48,6% (51/105), ожирение — 44,8% (47/105), сахарный диабет — 28,5% (30/105), изолировано сердечно-сосудистая патология — в 19,0% (20/105) случаев. Зарегистрировано значимое повышение креатинфосфокиназы и лактатдегидрогеназы уже при первичном биохимическом анализе крови, а также снижение протромбинового индекса и общего белка. У большей части пациентов смерть наступала после 5 дня болезни (88,6%), у 12 (11,4%) пациентов — до 5 дня болезни (включительно). Достоверных различий между сопутствующей патологией у больных, умерших до 5 дня, и от осложнений (в течение 2—4 недель) не выявлено. На секции выявлялясь в большинстве случаев двусторонняя субтотальная вирусно-бактериальная пневмония, в 70,5% — с геморрагический компонентом, отек головного мозга (30%), тяжелая токсическая паренхиматозная дистрофия миокарда, печени, почек у 43 пациентов (41%). Специфическая противовирусная терапия была назначена всем пациентам, но позже 48 часов.Неблагоприятными факторами, ухудшающими прогноз заболевания, являются: патология сердечно-сосудистой системы, сахарный диабет и ожирение. Повышение ферментов креатинфосфокиназы, лактатдегидрогеназы, а также снижение протромбинового индекса и общего белка можно расценивать как маркеры тяжелого гриппа. Неэффективность противовирусной терапии обусловлена поздним ее назначением, что еще раз подчеркивает важность своевременного начала лечения этиотропными препаратами.

Clinical features of ornithosis and respiratory mycoplasmosis during an outbreak in 2012

The aim of the current study was the investigation of the clinical features of ornithosis and respiratory mycoplasma infection during autumn outbreak in 2012 in 58 patients admitted to the Institute of influenza department of adult respiratory viral infections based at St Petersburg Botkin Infectious Diseases Hospital. It has been shown that the concomitant ornithosis and respiratory mycoplasma infection were registered more often in the group of young patients and the finding was statistically significant. Pulmonary form of the infection was registered more often in patients with respiratory mycoplasmosis. It was found that in patients with mycoplasma infection catarrhal and constitutional symptoms were longer in duration than in ornithosis or in concomitant ornithosis and mycoplasmosis and the findings were statistically significant. Macrolide antibiotics can be considered as the first-line medications in treatment of respiratory mycoplasmosis and ornithosis. According to our data, these antibiotics were more effective in ornithosis

CLINICAL AND LABORATORY ANALYSIS OF LETHAL CASES OF SEVERE INFLUENZA A(H1N1) PDM 2009 DURING THE EPIDEMIC 2015/2016 IN ST. PETERSBURG

The purpose of our study was to investigate the characteristics of severe form of influenza A (H1N1) pdm 2009 with a fatal outcome, given the comorbidities. Materials and methods. Medical histories of 105 people who died in hospitals of St. Petersburg for the period of the epidemic of 2015/16 served as material for analysis.The lethality caused by the pandemic virus type A/ H1N1 / 2009 pdm was higher in males. Most of the patients had concomitant chronic diseases in the anamnesis. Obesity was observed in 44.8% (47/105) of patients, diabetes mellitus — 28.5% (30/105), isolated heart disease — 19.0% (20/ 105), combined pathology — 48.6% (51/105). In the first biochemical analysis of blood, creatine phosphokinase, lactate dehydrogenase were increased, total protein and prothrombin consumption index were reduced. The patient's death occurred after 5 days of illness in 88.6% cases, in 11.4% — up to 5 days of illness (inclusive). The analysis of fatal cases up to 5 days of a disease and death from complications (2—4 week) didn't find significant differences in the character and frequency of comorbidity. Specific antiviral therapy has been assigned to all patients, but 48 hours later.Bilateral subtotal viral and bacterial pneumonia was identified on the section, in the majority of cases, in 70.5% with hemorrhagic component. 30% patients had cerebral oedema, 41% patients had severe toxic parenchymatouse degeneration of miocardium, liver and kidneys. The pathology of the cardiovascular system, diabetes and obesity worsen the prognosis of the disease. Increased creatine phosphokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and reduced total protein and prothrombin consumption index can be considered as markers of severe influenza. The ineffectiveness of antiviral therapy due to its late appointment, thus timely initiation of etiotropic treatment is very impotent

КЛИНИКО-ЛАБОРАТОРНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ ЛЕТАЛЬНЫХ СЛУЧАЕВ ТЯЖЕЛОЙ ФОРМЫ ГРИППА А(H1N1) PDM 2009 ЗА ПЕРИОД ЭПИДЕМИИ 2015/2016 ГГ. В САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГЕ

The purpose of our study was to investigate the characteristics of severe form of influenza A (H1N1) pdm 2009 with a fatal outcome, given the comorbidities. Materials and methods. Medical histories of 105 people who died in hospitals of St. Petersburg for the period of the epidemic of 2015/16 served as material for analysis.The lethality caused by the pandemic virus type A/ H1N1 / 2009 pdm was higher in males. Most of the patients had concomitant chronic diseases in the anamnesis. Obesity was observed in 44.8% (47/105) of patients, diabetes mellitus — 28.5% (30/105), isolated heart disease — 19.0% (20/ 105), combined pathology — 48.6% (51/105). In the first biochemical analysis of blood, creatine phosphokinase, lactate dehydrogenase were increased, total protein and prothrombin consumption index were reduced. The patient's death occurred after 5 days of illness in 88.6% cases, in 11.4% — up to 5 days of illness (inclusive). The analysis of fatal cases up to 5 days of a disease and death from complications (2—4 week) didn't find significant differences in the character and frequency of comorbidity. Specific antiviral therapy has been assigned to all patients, but 48 hours later.Bilateral subtotal viral and bacterial pneumonia was identified on the section, in the majority of cases, in 70.5% with hemorrhagic component. 30% patients had cerebral oedema, 41% patients had severe toxic parenchymatouse degeneration of miocardium, liver and kidneys. The pathology of the cardiovascular system, diabetes and obesity worsen the prognosis of the disease. Increased creatine phosphokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and reduced total protein and prothrombin consumption index can be considered as markers of severe influenza. The ineffectiveness of antiviral therapy due to its late appointment, thus timely initiation of etiotropic treatment is very impotent. Целью нашего исследования было изучение особенностей течения тяжелой формы гриппа А(H1N1) pdm 2009 с летальным исходом у взрослых с учетом преморбидного фона. Материалом для анализа послужили истории болезни 105 человек, умерших в стационарах Санкт-Петербурга за эпидемию 2015/16 гг.Показано, что летальные случаи, обусловленные пандемическим вирусом типа А/Н1N1/ pdm 2009 чаще регистрировались у мужчин. В анамнезе у большей части пациентов были отмечены сопутствующие хронические заболевания. Сочетанная патология — 48,6% (51/105), ожирение — 44,8% (47/105), сахарный диабет — 28,5% (30/105), изолировано сердечно-сосудистая патология — в 19,0% (20/105) случаев. Зарегистрировано значимое повышение креатинфосфокиназы и лактатдегидрогеназы уже при первичном биохимическом анализе крови, а также снижение протромбинового индекса и общего белка. У большей части пациентов смерть наступала после 5 дня болезни (88,6%), у 12 (11,4%) пациентов — до 5 дня болезни (включительно). Достоверных различий между сопутствующей патологией у больных, умерших до 5 дня, и от осложнений (в течение 2—4 недель) не выявлено. На секции выявлялясь в большинстве случаев двусторонняя субтотальная вирусно-бактериальная пневмония, в 70,5% — с геморрагический компонентом, отек головного мозга (30%), тяжелая токсическая паренхиматозная дистрофия миокарда, печени, почек у 43 пациентов (41%). Специфическая противовирусная терапия была назначена всем пациентам, но позже 48 часов.Неблагоприятными факторами, ухудшающими прогноз заболевания, являются: патология сердечно-сосудистой системы, сахарный диабет и ожирение. Повышение ферментов креатинфосфокиназы, лактатдегидрогеназы, а также снижение протромбинового индекса и общего белка можно расценивать как маркеры тяжелого гриппа. Неэффективность противовирусной терапии обусловлена поздним ее назначением, что еще раз подчеркивает важность своевременного начала лечения этиотропными препаратами. </p

Gold scavenged by bismuth melts: An example from Alpine shear-remobilizates in the Highis Massif, Romania

The original publication can be found at www.springerlink.comGold mineralization occurs in the Şoimuş Ilii vein, the main Cu prospect in the Highiş Massif, Western Apuseni Mts., Romania. The Highiş Massif is part of the Highiş Biharia Shear Zone, a 320–300 Ma Variscan greenschist belt, with a 114–100 Ma Alpine overprint. In Highiş, phyllonites enclose an igneous core consisting of an Early Permian basic complex intruded by Middle Permian granitoids. The vein is hosted within basalt hornfels at its contact with the 264 Ma Jernova granite. Gold is not only present as native gold, but also as jonassonite (ideally AuBi5S4). The latter occurs as inclusions 1–30 µm in size in chalcopyrite; microanalysis gives the empirical formulae Au1.02(Pb0.47Bi4.51)4.98S4. The two Au minerals are spatially associated with Bi–(Pb) sulfosalts (oversubstituted bismuthinite, cosalite) and sulfotellurides/selenides (ingodite, ikunolite and laitakarite) in blebs/patches, mainly hosted in chalcopyrite. This Au–Bi–Te association overprints an earlier, chalcopyrite-quartz assemblage, occurring as trails along discrete zones of brecciation that crosscut former mineral boundaries. Curvilinear and cuspate boundary textures within the blebs/patches suggest deposition in a molten form. Mineral associations in combination with phase relations indicate that the Au–Bi–Te association formed as a result of melting of pre-existing native Bi (and possibly sulfosalts) at 400 °C under sulfidation conditions. These melts incorporated Au, Pb, Te and S as they moved in the vein during shearing and were locked within dilational sites. Native Bi occurs as coarse aggregates along vein margins, but in the Au–Bi–Te association, it is present only as small droplets in shear gashes, never together with other Bi- and Au-minerals. The Bi-derived melts are part of an internal remobilizate which also includes chlorite and adularia. Minerals in the system Au–Bi–Te were deposited from a neutral low reducing fluid during Alpine shearing in the Early Cretaceous. The fluid also assisted solid-state mobilisation of chalcopyrite and cobaltite. This study illustrates the significant potential of Bi, a low melting-point chalcophile element (LMCE), to act as Au scavenger at temperatures as low as 400 °C.C. L. Ciobanu, N. J. Cook, F. Damian and G. Damia

Mya arenaria - an ancient invader of the North Sea coast

Mya arenaria currently occupies a wide geographical range in the northern hemisphere, on both coasts of the Atlantic as well as on the Pacific east coast. Some authors claim it also occurs on the Pacific west coast. The species originated in the Pacific during the Miocene and was already present on both Atlantic coasts in the Pliocene. However, it died out on the east coasts of the Pacific and the Atlantic during glaciation of the Pleistocene. With the aid of man it was reintroduced to the North Sea some 400-700 years ago and to the East Pacific last century. In the 1960Žs it was also introduced to the Black Sea. Mya arenaria invaded new habitats by different modes: 1) natural range expansion 2) intentional as plantings 3) unintentional as a ballast species 4) unintentional as a byproduct of oyster transplants. Properties that may favor its wide range of distribution and invading success are: high fecundity; planktonic dispersal stages and life stages that lend itself to unintentional transport by humans; a broad spectrum of habitat and food preference; tolerance of a wide range of environmental conditions such as salinity and temperature; longevity and perhaps relatively large size