23 research outputs found
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Linking institutional context to the community and career embeddedness of skilled migrants: The role of destination- and origin-country identifications
Supplementary Information is available online at: https://link-springer-com.ezproxytest.brunel.ac.uk/article/10.1057/s41267-024-00683-w#Sec140 .Migration is one of the most pressing global issues of our time. However, relatively little is known about the factors and mechanisms that govern the post-migration experiences of skilled migrants. We adopt an acculturation- and social identity-based approach to examine how differences between institutional characteristics in the destination and origin country, as well as migrants’ experiences with formal and informal institutions shape their identification with the destination and origin country and contribute to their community and career embeddedness. Our study of 1709 highly skilled migrants from 48 origin countries in 12 destination countries reveals that the institutional environment migrants encounter provides both sources of opportunity (potential for human development and value-congruent societal practices) and sources of disadvantage (experienced ethnocentrism and downgrading). These contrasting dynamics affect migrants’ destination-country identification, their origin-country identification and, ultimately, their embeddedness in the destination country. Our results have important implications for multinational enterprises and policy makers that can contribute to enhancing skilled migrants’ community and career embeddedness. For example, these actors may nurture a work environment and provide supportive policies that buffer against the institutional sources of disadvantage we identified in this study, while helping migrants to leverage the opportunities available in the destination country.Open access funding provided by Vienna University of Economics and Business (WU).. Sebastian Reiche gratefully acknowledges the support from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, grant ECO2015-68272-P funded by MCIN/AEI/https://doi-org.ezproxytest.brunel.ac.uk/10.13039/501100011033, and by “ERDF A way of making Europe”, by the European Union. Mila Lazarova acknowledges the support of the Canada Research Chairs Program. Lena Zander would like to gratefully acknowledge Jan Wallanders och Tom Hedelius stiftelse and Tore Browaldhs stiftelse, Sweden, for financially supporting her research project (P17-0117) and the workshop organized at Sigtuna Folkhögskola for the research team in June, 2022. Eric Davoine gratefully acknowledges the NCCR LIVES for their financial support
Room-temperature spin-orbit torque in NiMnSb
Materials that crystallize in diamond-related lattices, with Si and GaAs as their prime examples, are at the foundation of modern electronics. Simultaneously, inversion asymmetries in their crystal structure and relativistic spin–orbit coupling led to discoveries of non-equilibrium spin-polarization phenomena that are now extensively explored as an electrical means for manipulating magnetic moments in a variety of spintronic structures. Current research of these relativistic spin–orbit torques focuses primarily on magnetic transition-metal multilayers. The low-temperature diluted magnetic semiconductor (Ga, Mn)As, in which spin–orbit torques were initially discovered, has so far remained the only example showing the phenomenon among bulk non-centrosymmetric ferromagnets. Here we present a general framework, based on the complete set of crystallographic point groups, for identifying the potential presence and symmetry of spin–orbit torques in non-centrosymmetric crystals. Among the candidate room-temperature ferromagnets we chose to use NiMnSb, which is a member of the broad family of magnetic Heusler compounds. By performing all-electrical ferromagnetic resonance measurements in single-crystal epilayers of NiMnSb we detect room-temperature spin–orbit torques generated by effective fields of the expected symmetry and of a magnitude consistent with our ab initio calculations.University of WürzburgThis is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Nature Publishing Group via http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nphys377
Возможности исследования возрастных характеристик льда Карского моря на основе спутниковых данных СryoSat-2 и SMOS
Sea ice age is a proxy for thickness, which can be obtained through the use of satellite data. The paper presents the results of comparison of CryoSat-2, SMOS and CryoSat-2 & SMOS fusion data with detailed ice charts (October–April, 2010–2018). The AARI ice charts were chosen as references for comparison because they integrate knowledge and data from various sources, including expert analysis of operational satellite information, in-situ measurements at coastal stations, data on ice conditions from ships of the Northern Sea Route (NSR). The division of satellite data elements into classes (stages of development) was performed according to the maximum likelihood classifier. The recognition result for each stage of development was evaluated by means of three criteria, in accordance with the class value of Mode, Median and Mean. The effectiveness of satellite data in determining the Kara Sea ice thickness varies depending on the sea ice stage of development and winter season time. Four stages of development (old ice, thick first-year ice, medium first-year ice, nilas) showed the best recognition results. Although the CryoSat-2 mission was designed primarily to detect climate-dependent variations of the thickness of floating ice, in terms of statistical recognition of the Kara Sea ice stages of development, CryoSat-2 data can also be used to retrieve the thickness of thick first-year ice (January–April) and the thickness of medium first-year ice (January–February). For the remaining stages within the study area, the altimetry method shows a significant uncertainty, which can be resolved for nilas, thin first-year ice and medium first-year ice (March) by using SMOS data and CryoSat-2 & SMOS fusion data. In general, altimetric data, radiometric data and combination thereof can be applied in the complex analysis of all available information to ensure hydrometeorological and navigation support. Also, it is proposed to use the data of the ICESat-2 laser altimeter and to make a general comparison with in-situ measurements.Получение информации о пространственно-временной изменчивости распределения толщины льда — ключевой вопрос для прогноза состояния арктического морского льда. Несмотря на очевидные успехи применения данных CryoSat-2 и SMOS, соответствующие оценки толщин морского льда нуждаются в валидации. В качестве эталонов для сравнения на основе метода максимального правдоподобия были выбраны детализированные ледовые карты ААНИИ (октябрь–апрель 2010–2018 гг.). В статье приводятся результаты распознавания различных возрастных стадий льда Карского моря, наилучшие результаты по- казали многолетний, однолетний толстый, средний лед и нилас. Использование данных Cryosat-2, SMOS и их комбинации Cryosat-2 & SMOS может помочь в комплексном анализе всей доступной информации для гидрометеорологического и навигационного обеспечения
Developing international business relationships in a Russian context
The collapse of the former Soviet Union has opened up a wealth of business opportunities for companies seeking new markets in the Russian Federation. Despite this, firms intending to do business in Russia have found themselves hampered by cultural differences in business practices and expectations. As Russia integrates into the global economy, understanding such practices and the managerial mindset of business people is crucial for managers who hope to navigate Russia's complex markets. This study draws on the trust literature and adopts quantitative tools to deconstruct the Russian 'Sviazi' system of social capital business networking. We develop a model isolating three dimensions of Sviazi: one an affective or emotional component; the second, a conative component; and the third, a cognitive component. The model provides a useful guide for helping foreign firms to succeed in Russia, while also serving as a basis for further research in the field.
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Central Yamal vegetation monitoring based on Sentinel-2 and Sentinel-1 imagery
In this study fusion of optical (Sentinel-2) and radar (Sentinel-1) imagery is presented for vegetation cover classification in polar Arctic environment of the Western Siberia. Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 images were analyzed using parametric rule classification. Results showed significantly improved land cover classification results based on contextual analysis. Synergy of Sentinel-2 bands 4 and 3 and Sentinel-1 dual polarization VV and VH images increased the classification accuracy significantly. Specifically, classification accuracy increased for two classes — Erect dwarf-shrub tundra with 6% and Fresh Water with 10%. The classification accuracy as well test sites were analyzed using in situ data collected during three fieldwork campaigns in August-September (2016–2018) in the surrounding of Bovanenkovo settlement