High-shear vs. Fluid-bed Granulation Process of Dolomite: Process Modeling

High-shear and fluid-bed processes were used for granulation of dolomite powder into agrochemical product. In this paper, comparative study of the granulation process focuses on the observation of granule size distribution (GSD). Considerable difference between high-shear and fluid-bed GSDs is analyzed with process kinetics. Simulation of dynamic development of GSD is achieved with application of a 1-D discretized population balance and Equi-Partition of Kinetic Energy (EKE) coalescence model. The used approach indicates for both processes (high-shear and fluid-bed granulation) the presence of coalescence growth as a dominant mechanism in the dolomite granulation process. Deviations between simulated and real GSDs signify the probable existence of other granulation mechanism(s). A posteriori approach by the integral method was used for coalescence rate constant estimation. The generated kinetic considerations represent a valuable step towards a comprehensive perspective of dolomite granulation and implementing the acquired knowledge in real-life agrochemical granulation

Milestones of Chemical Engineering Development in Croatia

Rješavanje problema kemijske procesne industrije potaklo je stvaranje nove znanstvene discipline koja raspolaže vlastitim alatima (paradigmama) temeljenim na znanstvenim spoznajama različitih disciplina. Nova disciplina, kemijsko inženjerstvo, omogućava početkom dvadesetog stoljeća analizu različitih procesa petrokemijske i velike kemijske industrije, dijeleći ih na manji broj jediničnih operacija. Kasnije, kemijsko inženjerstvo proširuje koncepciju jediničnih operacija, dijeleći proces do sve niže i niže razine, primjenom u reakcijskom inženjerstvu. Istodobno, potreba za optimiranjem procesa uključuje sustavski pristup. Umjesto traženja detalja, sintezom procesa osmišljavaju se više razine organizacije. Primjena računala postaje ključni element pri modeliranju i vođenju procesa. Metode kemijskog inženjerstva šire se i na druga područja, pri čemu disciplina zadržava iste temeljne karakteristike. Promjene na globalnom tržištu potiču nove trendove u istraživanju i evoluciju u poučavanju, jer razvoj proizvoda definiranih uporabnih svojstava postaje ključno područje djelovanja, koje podrazumijeva integrirani pristup pojavama i procesima koji se odvijaju u različitim veličinskim mjerilima radi moguće pretvorbe molekula u korisni proizvod na procesnoj razini. Naglasak je na prikazu razvoja discipline u Hrvatskoj s posebnim osvrtom na osobe koje su u pojedinim razdobljima najviše pridonijele prihvatu i širenju novih spoznaja.Solving important problems of chemical and process industries stimulated the creation of a new scientific discipline, chemical engineering, which apart from other disciplines includes firm theoretical foundations, core subjects taught to entering students, widely adopted textbooks and journals. The new discipline, at the beginning of the 20th century, provided a way of analyzing the wide variety of processes in terms of small "unit operations". Later, the largely empirical approach of the unit operations was broadened by molecular explanations of macroscopic phenomena. It was not long before chemical engineering extended the operation approach to chemical reaction engineering. At the same time, process optimization prompted the system approach. Instead of looking for details, higher levels of organization were recognized by synthesis. The use of computers has become the key element in process modeling and control. The methods of chemical engineering have extended to other fields, while the discipline keeps the same basis and characteristics. The changes on the global market stimulate new trends in research and education. Product development has become an important segment of the discipline, which presumes an integrated approach to the phenomena and processes at different time and length levels following the possible transfer from molecule to product at process level. This paper mainly deals with the development of this discipline in Croatia, with a preview of the persons that contributed to the acceptance and propagation of the new concepts

Die epidemiologische Untersuchung der dentalen Morbidität mittels Ankete und ihre bewertung

U okviru međunarodnog projekta Svjetske zdravstvene organizacije »Korištenje zdravstvene službe i zdravstvene zaštite«, kao jedna od viiše metodoloških studija izvršena je i provjera vrijednosti ankete i valjanosti podataka o dentalnom morbiditetu. Autori su, nakon analize medicinsko-statističkih podataka utvrđenih po liječniku-stomatologu te izjave anketiranih osoba, dokazati da je postotak slaganja zadovoljavao i bio u skladu s postojećim standardima za takvu vrst \u27ispitivanja. S obzirom na reprezentativnost uzorka, autori zaključuju, da se dobiveni rezultati ispitivanja o stopama morbiditeta zubiju mogu proširiti sa anketiranog uzorka na cjelokupnu populaciju područja Istre i Hrvatskog primorja.An investigation of the condition of the oral cavity with regard to dental morbidity by means of epidemiologic methods apart from other advantages offers an insight into the distribution of diseases of a population living in certain areas or again of individual segments of the population.Within the scope of the international project of the World Health Organisation »International Collaborative Study of Medical Care Utilization« — in the further text WHO/ICS/MCU, one of the several methodologic studies in the project was the evaluation of the inquiry and the accuracy of the data on dental morbidity. The region of Istra and the Croatian Littoral, comprised by the project mentioned, numbered 440.000 inhabitants (46% belonging to the urban and 54% to the rural population). A representative sample was used, obtained by the geographical method of choice selection and the results of the investigation may thus be applied to the entire population living in that region. The problem of the study of validity was to establish to what extent we may rely on the accuracy of the data compiled be means of questionnaire forms given to subjects to complete. The actual sta\u27te of the teeth was taken as a criterium for the determination of the validity and this was established by means of a stomatological examination after the inquiry had been completed. After analysing the medical and statistical data compiled by a specialist in stomatology and the statements made by the subjects taking part in the inquirv, the percentage of agreement proved to be satisfactory. Thus the percentage of agreement in the replies given by the test subjects to questions about the number of extracted teeth as established by the inquiry and the actual number of teeth missing, as established by the examination amounted to 86,3%, dissent was recorded in 12,6% whereas no data were available for 1.2%. In the replies given by test subjects about the existence of dental-prosthetic replacements and the actual presence of dental prostheses, the percentage of agreement was 84.6% and there was dissent in 12.1% while no data were available for 2.6%. Accordingly we may rightly conclude that the data which we obtained from the questionnaires, respectively the WHO/ICS/MCU study are in accordance with the existing standards and that they represent a relatively precise indicator of the actual dental morbidity of the population investigated. With regard to the representativeness of the sample, the conclusions about the rates of morbidity of the teeth in the investigated sample may be enlarged to include the entire population of the region of Istra and the Croat Littoral.Die Prüfung des Gesundheitszustandes der Mundhöhle inbezug auf die dentale Morbidität mittels epidemiologischer Methoden, ergibt Einsicht in die Verteilung der Erkrankung bei der Menschengrupe eines bestimmten Gebietes, oder gewisser Segmente der Bevölkerung. Im Rahmen des internationalen Projekts der Weltgesundheitsorganisation »Die Auswertung des Gesundheitsdienstes und des Gesundheitschutzes« (World Health Organization; International Collaborative Study of Medical Care Utilization; — WHO/ICS/MCU), eine von mehreren Studien aus dem Projekt war Gegenstand der Feststellung des Anketenwertes und der Richtigkeit der Angaben über die dentale Morbidität. Das Gebiet von Istrien und des kroatischen Küstenlandes, welches mit dem genannten Projekt erfasst war, hat 440.000 Einwohner, davon sind 46% Stadt- und 54% Landbevölkerung). Das Muster war representativ und zugerichtet nach der geographischen Methode der zufälligen Auswahl, demnach kann man die Resultate der Untersuchung auf die Gesamtbevölkerung dieses Gebietes beziehen. Das Problem der Studie über die Validatät der Untersuchung liegt in der Feststellung, inwiefern man sich auf die Angaben der Ankete verlassen kann. Als Kriterium für die Feststellung der Validität werde der reale Zahnstatus der nach der Ankete bei der stomatologischen Untersuchung angetroffen wurde, bestimmt Die Analyse der medizinisch-statistischen Angaben, aufgenommen vom Zahnrazt, zeigt eine zufriedenstellende Übereinstimmung mit den Aussagen der anketierten Personen. Der Perzenstatz der übereinstimmenden Antworten der Probanden auf die Frage über die Anzahl der extrahierten Zähne nach Angaben der Ankete und der tatsächliche Zustand der fehlenden Zähne, festgestellt während der Untersuchung, beträgt 86,3%, während 12,6% nicht übereinstimmen bei 1,2% fehlenden Angaben.Inbezug auf zahnprothetische Arbeiten betrugen die übereinstimmenden Antworten der Probanden mit den tatsächlich vorhandenen Zahnprothesen 84,6%, 12,1% gingen auseinander bei 2,6% fehlenden Angaben Demnach kann man mit Recht schliessen, dass die Angaben der Ankete, bzw. Studien WHO/lCS/ /MCU mit den bestehenden Standarten übereinstimmen und dass sie einen ziemlich genauen Anzeiger der realen dentalen Morbidität der anketierten Bevölikerungsschichte darstellen

Clinical characteristics of vulnerable populations hospitalized and diagnosed with COVID-19 in Buenos Aires, Argentina

There is not in Argentina publications regarding the presentation of patients with COVID-19 requiring hospitalized and emergency care in vulnerable populations (lower incomes and less education tend at greater risk for poor health status and healthcare access), and it has few reports in developing countries. The objective is to determine whether in the care of vulnerable patients, to succeed against COVID-19, multiple public health tools and interventions will be needed to minimize morbidity and mortality. The study is a prospective cohort investigation of patients with lab-confirmed COVID-19, who required to any of the Health Centers response from April 8, 2020, to August 18, 2020. In Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area (AMBA), April 8, 2020 the virus was identified in patients hospitalized in the "Southeast Network" (SN), AMBA. SN covering an area of 661 square kilometers, with 1.8 million inhabitants residing in urban, and rural areas. A total of 14 health centers with different levels of care complexity provide care to patients in the region. The information of each patient with COVID-19 evaluated by SN, was incorporated in an Epidemiological Dashboard. The investigation was designed and reported with consideration of observational studies in epidemiology. We describe the hospitals presentation and care of persons who required SN response and were ultimately diagnosed with COVID-19. From April 8, 2020, to August 18, 2020, were included 1495 patients with lab-confirmed COVID-19 in SN. A total of 58% patients were men, and the mean age (SD) was 48.9 (15.59) years. Eighty one percent patients with pre-existing diseases, most frequent hypertension and diabetes, but hypertension, chronic lung disease, and cardiovascular disease presented higher risk. A total of 13% were hospitalized in Intensive Therapy Unit. The mortality of the cohort was 9.77%. Mortality was higher for patients aged 65 or more (OR 5.09), and for those had some pre-existing disease (OR 2.61). Our observations are consistent with reports demonstrating older persons, and those with comorbidities have the highest risk of mortality related to COVID-19. However, unlike other reports from developed or some developing countries, the mortality in our study is lower. This finding may be related to age of our cohort is younger than other published. Also, the health system was able to respond to the demand.Fil: Yacobitti, A.. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital Alta Complejidad en Red El Cruce Dr. Néstor Carlos Kirchner Samic; ArgentinaFil: Otero, L.. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital Alta Complejidad en Red El Cruce Dr. Néstor Carlos Kirchner Samic; ArgentinaFil: Doldan Arrubarrena, V.. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital Alta Complejidad en Red El Cruce Dr. Néstor Carlos Kirchner Samic; ArgentinaFil: Arano, J.. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital Alta Complejidad en Red El Cruce Dr. Néstor Carlos Kirchner Samic; ArgentinaFil: Lage, S.. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital Alta Complejidad en Red El Cruce Dr. Néstor Carlos Kirchner Samic; ArgentinaFil: Silberman, M.. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital Alta Complejidad en Red El Cruce Dr. Néstor Carlos Kirchner Samic; ArgentinaFil: Zubieta, M.. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital Alta Complejidad en Red El Cruce Dr. Néstor Carlos Kirchner Samic; ArgentinaFil: Erbetta, I.. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital Alta Complejidad en Red El Cruce Dr. Néstor Carlos Kirchner Samic; ArgentinaFil: Danei, P.. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital Alta Complejidad en Red El Cruce Dr. Néstor Carlos Kirchner Samic; ArgentinaFil: Baeck, G.. Hospital Mi Pueblo; ArgentinaFil: Vallejos, V.. No especifíca;Fil: Cavalli, F.. No especifíca;Fil: Calderón, N.. Gobierno de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Hospital Zonal General de Agudos Doctor Lucio Melendez.; ArgentinaFil: Di Gregorio, M.. Gobierno de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Hospital Zonal General de Agudos Doctor Lucio Melendez.; ArgentinaFil: Hernandez, V.. Hospital Dr. Arturo Oñativia - Salta Capital.; ArgentinaFil: Bruno, D.. Hospital Dr. Arturo Oñativia - Salta Capital.; ArgentinaFil: Rodera, B.. Municipalidad de Quilmes (buenos Aires). Hospital Zonal General de Agudos Doctor Isidoro Iriarte.; ArgentinaFil: Macherett, I.. Municipalidad de Quilmes (buenos Aires). Hospital Zonal General de Agudos Doctor Isidoro Iriarte.; ArgentinaFil: Parisi, M.. Municipalidad de Quilmes (buenos Aires). Hospital Zonal General de Agudos Doctor Isidoro Iriarte.; ArgentinaFil: Gallastegui, M.. Municipalidad de Quilmes (buenos Aires). Hospital Zonal General de Agudos Doctor Isidoro Iriarte.; ArgentinaFil: Paz, A.. Municipalidad de Quilmes (buenos Aires). Hospital Sub Zonal Materno Infantil Doctor Eduardo Oller.; ArgentinaFil: Bernardi, R.. No especifíca;Fil: Azcárate, S.. Gobierno de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Hospital Provincial Evita Pueblo.; ArgentinaFil: Hraste, A.. Gobierno de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Hospital Provincial Evita Pueblo.; ArgentinaFil: Caridi, Délida Inés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Cálculo; ArgentinaFil: Boechi, Leonardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Cálculo; ArgentinaFil: Salgado, P.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Rectorado. Instituto de Investigaciones en Salud Pública; ArgentinaFil: Kochen, Sara Silvia. Gobierno de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Alta Complejidad Cuenca Alta Doctor Nestor Carlos Kirchner.; Argentina. Universidad Nacional Arturo Jauretche; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Influence of the muscle fibre type composition and the proportion of connective tissue on the sensory acceptance of beefsteak tartare

The investigation was carried out on 5 different muscles of 5 fattened bullocks of the Croatian Simmenthal breed aged 15 months and weighing about 400 kg and beefsteak tartare type products made of these muscles. Comparing the structure of the muscles used in the production of the beefsteak tartare, one may conclude that m. psoas major and m. longissimus dorsi are formed by dominantly white dynamic FG muscular fibres representing more than a half of all muscular fibres. In comparison with other muscles, the afore-mentioned muscles contain the least quantity of connective tissue. The investigations showed some statistically irrelevant differences (P?0.05) concerning the fibre diameters and volume density of connective tissue in m. psoas major and m. longissimus dorsi (L2</sub