Electrical and thermal properties of polyurethane/carbon nanotubes composites

The aim of this work was to study the effect of dispersing small amounts of CNT on the thermal diffusivity and electrical resistivity of PU/CNT composites. The PU nanocomposites were prepared with 0.5% and 1% weight of CNT. The composites were prepared by dispersion of the CNT in poly(propylene glycol) (PPG) followed by in situ polymerization, by mixing with 4,4′-Methylene di-p-phenyl diisocyanate (MDI). The PPG was characterized by an average molecular weight of 425 g/mol and a hydroxyl value 250 to 276 mg KOH/g. The MDI was characterized by a isocianate value (%NCO value) of 27.9-29.2. It was observed that the thermal diffusivity slightly increased with the addition of the CNT, but the results obtained were within the typical range for polymers (in the order of 10-8 m2/s). The electrical resistivity measured for the composites showed a large decrease after the addition of 0.5% and 1% of CNT. The electrical resistivity decreased 3 and 7 decades (from 109 .m to 106 and 103 .m) for 0.5 and 1% CNT composites, respectively. Thus, the composite bearing 1% of CNT dispersed in the PU presented semiconductor behaviour

Limits of the energy-momentum tensor in general relativity

A limiting diagram for the Segre classification of the energy-momentum tensor is obtained and discussed in connection with a Penrose specialization diagram for the Segre types. A generalization of the coordinate-free approach to limits of Paiva et al. to include non-vacuum space-times is made. Geroch's work on limits of space-times is also extended. The same argument also justifies part of the procedure for classification of a given spacetime using Cartan scalars.Comment: LaTeX, 21 page

On the limits of Brans-Dicke spacetimes: a coordinate-free approach

We investigate the limit of Brans-Dicke spacetimes as the scalar field coupling constant omega tends to infinity applying a coordinate-free technique. We obtain the limits of some known exact solutions. It is shown that these limits may not correspond to similar solutions in the general relativity theory.Comment: LaTeX, 16 pp, report DF/UFPB/02-9

Aplicação de Sistemas Baseados em Regras Fuzzy para o Roteamento em Redes Ópticas

Em uma rede óptica transparente sem equipamentos para conversão de comprimentos de onda, o atendimento de uma requisição de conexão entre dois nós exige a determinação de uma entre as possíveis rotas que os interligam e a atribuição de um comprimento de onda específico, em que a informação será transmitida do nó origem ao nó destino. O processo de determinação de uma rota é importante, pois a escolha da rota influencia a eficiência na utilização de recursos e, consequentemente, o desempenho da rede. Nesse processo, geralmente é levado em consideração apenas um critério, quase sempre o número de enlaces das rotas. O uso de critérios adicionais, desde que adequadamente combinados, pode levar a uma melhoria no desempenho da rede. Para combinar critérios no processo de decisão de uma rota, é implementado neste trabalho um sistema baseado em regras fuzzy. Os resultados apresentados foram obtidos com um sistema fuzzy, que leva em consideração, além do número de enlaces das rotas, a quantidade de comprimentos de onda contínuos disponíveis em cada rota no momento em que ocorre uma requisição de conexão. É feita uma análise de desempenho de duas redes com topologias distintas: uma rede em malha regular com 16 nós e 32 enlaces e uma rede em malha irregular com 14 nós e 20 enlaces. Os parâmetros adotados nesta análise são a probabilidade de bloqueio de requisições de conexão e a utilização de recursos da rede

Isolamento de proteínas Cyt de Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis por gradiente de sacarose.

xbitstream/item/68186/1/bol-37.pd

Tuning in magnetic modes in Tb(Co_{x}Ni_{1-x})_{2}B_{2}C: from longitudinal spin-density waves to simple ferromagnetism

Neutron diffraction and thermodynamics techniques were used to probe the evolution of the magnetic properties of Tb(Co_{x}Ni_{1-x})_{2}B_{2}C. A succession of magnetic modes was observed as x is varied: the longitudinal modulated k=(0.55,0,0) state at x=0 is transformed into a collinear k=([nicefrac]\nicefrac{1}{2},0,[nicefrac]\nicefrac{1}{2}) antiferromagnetic state at x= 0.2, 0.4; then into a transverse c-axis modulated k=(0,0,[nicefrac]\nicefrac{1}{3}) mode at x= 0.6, and finally into a simple ferromagnetic structure at x= 0.8 and 1. Concomitantly, the low-temperature orthorhombic distortion of the tetragonal unit cell at x=0 is reduced smoothly such that for x >= 0.4 only a tetragonal unit cell is manifested. Though predicted theoretically earlier, this is the first observation of the k=(0,0,[nicefrac]\nicefrac{1}{3}) mode in borocarbides; our findings of a succession of magnetic modes upon increasing x also find support from a recently proposed theoretical model. The implication of these findings and their interpretation on the magnetic structure of the RM_{2}B_{2}C series are also discussed

On limits of spacetimes -- a coordinate-free approach

A coordinate-free approach to limits of spacetimes is developed. The limits of the Schwarzschild metric as the mass parameter tends to 0 or $\infty$ are studied, extending previous results. Besides the known Petrov type D and 0 limits, three vacuum plane-wave solutions of Petrov type N are found to be limits of the Schwarzschild spacetime.Comment: 19 p