ELSA in industrial robotics

Purpose of ReviewIndustry is changing; converging technologies allow a fourth Industrial Revolution, where it is envisaged that robots will work alongside humans. We investigate how the research community is responding to the ethical, legal, and social aspects of industrial robots, with a primary focus on manufacturing industry.Recent FindingsThe literature shows considerable interest in the impact of robotics and automation on industry. This interest spans many disciplines, which is to be expected given that the ELS impacts of industrial robotics may be profound in their depth and far-reaching in their scope.SummaryWe suggest that the increasing importance of human-robot interaction (HRI) reduces the differentiation between industrial robotics and other robotic domains and that the main challenges to successful adoption for the benefit of human life are above all political and economic. Emerging standards and legal frameworks may scaffold this success, but it is apparent that getting it wrong might have repercussions that last for generations

Social development in the age of digitalization: A systematic literature review on Industry 4.0 implications for social sustainability

Industry 4.0 literature has grown at an unprecedented rate, offering valuable insights into the possible impacts of the digital industrial revolution at various analysis levels. Investigating the economic effects of Industry 4.0, especially at the corporate level, has been a cutting-edge research topic across various disciplines. Similarly, several studies have addressed the opportunities that Industry 4.0 might offer to environmental sustainability. Overall, the existing literature presents numerous studies – empirical, theoretical, and reviews alike – optimistically discussing how Industry 4.0 would contribute to sustainable development goals from different perspectives, such as manufacturing productivity, business growth, resource efficiency, reduced waste, and emission reduction (Oztemel & Gursev, 2019). On the contrary, the social sustainability implications of Industry 4.0 tend to be neglected by the current literature (Tirabeni et al., 2019). Unlike the overoptimism around the economic benefits, academia remains somewhat inconsistent while interpreting the social aspects linked to Industry 4.0. The present research fills this gap by conducting a state-of-the-art systematic review of the Industry 4.0 literature focusing on social sustainability implications. In particular, we aim to single out and classify the potential social implications of Industry 4.0, highlight the existing gaps in the field, and pave the way for further research

Business-to-business electronic Commerce success: A supply network perspective

DeLone and McLean (2004) have advanced an electronic commerce (EC) success model and suggest that it can be extended to investigating EC success in different contexts. However, the EC success model has not been empirically validated in the context of business-to-business (B2B) EC. The purpose of this study is to gain a better understanding of EC value and success within the B2B environment. Accordingly, we introduce an extended version of DeLone and McLean’s (2004) EC success model, and test hypotheses regarding the associations between various success dimensions using the data collected from 122 supply chain units. In addition to providing support for most of the hypotheses suggested by DeLone and McLean’s (2004) EC success model, our results indicate that other success dimensions, such as EC readiness, must be considered for successful EC in B2B environments. The research findings provide practitioners with clarity on the levers of B2B e-commerce success within the supply chain unit level of analysis. Overall, the study’s results contribute to theoretical development in the area of business value creation and EC success, and present a basis for further research in these fields

Variation of the Chloroquine Resistance Transporter (Crt) Gene in Chloroquine-Resistant and Chloroquine-Sensitive Plasmodium berghei

Background: The emergence and spread of chloroquine resistant Plasmodium falciparum in the world stimulated some investigators to consider different aspects of chloroquine resistance in human and rodent Plasmodia. Using animal Plasmo­dia, particularly primate and rodent Plasmodia can be useful model for human Plasmodia studies. In this study we have tried to consider and compare the sequence of chloroquine resistance transporter (crt) gene among chloroquine-resistant and chloroquine-sensitive strains of Plasmodium berghei. Methods: This experimental study was performed at the Malaria Laboratory of School of public health. DNA was ex­tracted from two strains of P. berghei which their resistance and sensitivity had been demonstrated in mice with treatment by chloroquine. By using specific primer for crt gene some parts of this gene were amplified by PCR, and obtained frag­ments were then sequenced and compared. Results: There were considerable differences in crt gene between two strains. Sequenced 1212 bp of crt gene fragment in the two strains showed 43 differences at nucleotides level and 16 differences in presumed coding amino acids. Conclusion: crt can be addressed as a considerable gene which involves in induction of resistance to chloroquine in P. berghei, as P. falciparum. The results increased such a promise that considering crt gene in chloroquine-sensitive and chlo­roquine-resistant P. berghei can prepare suitable and helpful fields for more understanding the molecular aspects of chloro­quine-resistance in Plasmodia and reversing the effectiveness of 4-aminoquinolines particularly chloroquine for treatment of drug resistant Plasmodia

3D Visualization System of Manufacturing Big Data and Simulation Results of Production for an Automotive Parts Supplier

Part 6: Smart Factory and IIOTInternational audienceRecently, many manufacturers have recalled their products owing to quality issues. It is increasingly difficult to determine the cause of quality issues because of the complexity of the supply chain. Thus, it is essential to share manufacturing information throughout the product life cycle. However, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) often lack the necessary infrastructure and information systems.This research proposes an open-source system allowing the 3D visualization of production history and simulation results. The production history includes products’ time stamps and inspection results, defect information, and a status of each facility. This information is then used to construct a product workflow and simulation model. Further, it is possible to compare simulation results for up to three alternative scenarios. The system is developed using open-source libraries for easy diffusion and application to SMEs in the automobile industry. A method for the implementation of this system to Korean auto parts companies is introduced

Antifungal activities of coating incorporated with Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall mannoprotein on Aspergillus flavus growth and aflatoxin production in pistachio (Pistacia vera L.)

In this study, the effects of the mannoprotein isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ScMnn) were evaluated against Aspergillus flavus growth and aflatoxin (AF) production in pistachios. The mannoprotein extracted from the cell wall of S. cerevisiae was incorporated in gelatin-based solution at different concentration (0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5% w/w) then used as coating of kernels. A. flavus spore suspension (10 4 spores/mL) was inoculated on both coated (cp) and non-coated (ncp) pistachios. In cp samples, the mycelium development was delayed and AF content decreased, compared with the ncp ones. Noteworthy, the coating containing 1.5% ScMnn decreased AFB1 up to 42.81%. The ScMnn could be considered as an operative agent to reduce A. flavus growth and AF contamination in pistachios. The edible and food grade properties are important in its application as novel additive and as bioactive agent in coatings for the control of AF in pistachios. Practical applications: Active edible coating containing Saccharomyces cerevisiae mannoprotein could be applied in pistachio industry to control Aspergillus flavus growth and reduce aflatoxin contamination. This antifungal coating could improve the safety of pistachio nuts

Data-driven pattern-based constructs definition for the digital transformation modelling of collaborative networked manufacturing enterprises

International audienceThe digital transformation of collaborative networked manufacturing enterprises requires building and applying digital models representing the set of resources and processes knowledge. Modelling such digital copy of the physical system to perform real-time validation and optimization is quite complex and thus needs a big amount of data and some modelling patterns representing the operational semantics of the modelled elements. Generally, the modelling action has a specific application type. For this reason, the core challenge of the digital transformation modelling is to create a modular "digital model", namely a decomposable and re-composable model, towards different applications. The authors propose an approach based on the combination of data-driven and model-driven approaches, to identify and formalize modelling patterns, that combine for developing a modular executable model of the studied system