Determination of association between the polymorphism in exon 3 of dopamine receptor gene type 4 with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder

Introduction: Evidences suggest that attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a hereditary disorder and at least 20 potential genes associated with ADHD have been identified. Dopamine receptor gene type 4 (DRD4) has been more considered due to a stronger relationship with ADHD. However, no study has yet been conducted on the Iranian population to assess the association. Objective: In this study, the association between polymorphism of DRD4 gene with ADHD has been studied among capital of Iran population. Materials and methods: This study is a case-control study conducted on children aged 6�12 years with ADHD referred to child and adolescent psychiatric clinic Imam Hussein (AS) and normal subjects in 2011. Diagnosis was done based on the DSM-IV-TR criteria and interviewing by two child and adolescent psychiatrists. If parental were consent, then saliva samples of subjects were prepared and DRD4 gene and related allele were evaluated using PCR method. The K-SADS questionnaire was also used to assess comorbid disorders. Results: In this study, 114 patients in ADHD group and 109 patients in the control group were studied. The most frequency was obtained for allele 4 allele that has been observed in about 90 of both case and control groups. However, frequency of allele 6 in the case group was 8.8 where the frequency was 5 in the control group (p = 0.02). The presence of repeat of allele 6 increased chance of suffering from ADHD to 1.809 (95 equal to 3.871�0.845). Conclusion: For the first time this study showed that in Iranian population repeat of DRD4 gene allele 6 unlike the other geographic areas is relatively common and it will increase the chances of suffering from ADHD. However, additional studies are required. © 201

QTL analysis of seed size and yield-related traits in an inter-genepool population of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of seed size and yield-related traits provide useful information to contribute to breeding programs. A recombinant inbred line population composed of 100 lines from a cross of Goli cultivar and breeding line AND1007 was grown in field and greenhouse conditions to identify QTLs controlling the important primary traits affecting seed size and yield-related traits. A linkage map consisting of 240 SNPs, spanning ∼520 cM of common bean genome was used for QTL mapping. A total of 39 QTLs were identified on different chromosomes, which explained 5 to 32–32 % of the phenotypic variance for the measured traits. Thirty-one of them had only individual effects, six were only involved in three epistatic interactions and two had both individual and epistatic effects. Most of the positive alleles for seed size traits and number of seeds per pod originated from the Andean parent (AND1007) while the alleles related to number of pod and seeds per plant originated from Mesoamerican parent (Goli). QTLs for seed weight, seed length and seed yield co-localized on the Pv09, suggesting these traits may be controlled by QTLs that are linked together or have pleiotropic effects. A major QTL was found for seed length (SL9.1GA) which explained ∼32 % of the phenotypic variance and had repeatability over field and greenhouse trials. Overall, results showed that QTLs with single-locus additive and epistatic effects were involved in the control of bean seed size and yield-related traits while the effects of epistatic interactions were smaller than single-locus QTLs

An investigation of particulate matter and relevant cardiovascular risks in Abadan and Khorramshahr in 2014–2016

Over the last decades, air pollution has been regarded as one of the major environmental problems. Cardiovascular and respiratory diseases are among the most common illnesses arising from air pollution and dust storm. Nowadays, non-communicable diseases resulting from air pollution have affected many people around the world. In recent years, the cities of Abadan and Khorramshahr, located in the southwestern Iran have been adversely affected by air pollution and dust storm. To address the issue, this study set out to investigate the relationship between hospital admissions for cardiovascular diseases and dust storms in Abadan and Khorramshahr in 2014–2016. The data was collected by the Abadan Environmental Protection Agency (Abadan EPA) office. The monitoring station is fully automated and provides hourly particulate matter (PM10) concentrations using a β-ray absorption monitor (Met One Model BAM-1020-Continuous Beta, USA). The annual PM10 mean concentrations reached 169, 187 and 201 µg/m3 in 2014, 2015, and 2016, respectively. The number of people suffering from cardiovascular diseases attributed to PM10 during this period was 237, 259, and 274, respectively. The results showed that high levels of particulate matter (PM) in the air drastically increased the number of people with cardiovascular diseases. The results also revealed that there was a significant relationship between concentrations of PM10 in dusty days and the cases of cardiovascular diseases in Abadan and Khorramshahr. According to the results of the study, an increase in the exposure concentrations of particulate matter could potentially cause different health problems. © 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Grou

Anesthetic toxic isoflurane and health risk assessment in the operation room in Abadan, Iran during 2018

Introduction: Anesthetic gases are very important for health among health care worker (HCWs) and patients in medical centers. Operating rooms (ORs) is the most important ward that use anesthetic gases. Isoflurane gases is very dangerous for HCWs. Objective: In this study, we have associated the concentration of anesthetic toxic isoflurane gases (ppm) and the health risk assessment due to exposure to common anesthetic gases in Valiasr and Shahid Beheshti teaching hospital operating room during 2018. Methods: In this study, we used the active sampling system by portable pump SKC and tubes (sorbent Tube Tenax TA 250 mg) for detection of isoflurane concentration (ppm). Different points of the operating rooms were selected for sampling. Hazard index (HI) quantified by calculating the non-cancer causing anesthetic toxic isoflurane gases. Results: According result this study, the Valiasr and Shahid Beheshti had the lowest and the highest level of isoflurane. Based on result this study, level of isoflurane on indoor air quality in the operation room in Valiasr and Shahid Beheshti hospital were 2.129 and 2.436 ppm, respectively. According to the results from the current study, hazard index was under 1.0 and it amount showed that no significant risk of adverse health endpoint attributed to exposure to level of isoflurane in Valiasr and Shahid Beheshti teaching hospital operating room during 2018. Conclusion: According Result this study the average concentration of isoflurane and the health risk assessment in Valiasr and Shahid Beheshti teaching hospital operating room during 2018 because of flaw in the ventilation system was significantly higher than standard

Health risk assessment on human exposed to heavy metals in the ambient air PM10 in Ahvaz, southwest Iran

Heavy metals (HM) are one of the main components of urban air pollution. Today, megacities and industrial regions in southwest of Iran are frequently suffering from severe haze episodes, which essentially caused by PM10-bound heavy metals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the health risk assessment on human exposed to heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in the ambient air PM10 in Ahvaz, southwest Iran. In this study, we estimated healthy people from the following scenarios: (S3) residential site; (S2) high-traffic site; (S1) industrial site in Ahvaz metropolitan during autumn and winter. In the current study, high-volume air samplers equipped with quartz fiber filters were used to sampling and measurements of heavy metal concentration. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) was utilized for detection of heavy metal concentration (ng m−3). Also, an estimate of the amount of health risk assessment (hazard index) of Cr, Ni, Pb, and Zn of heavy metal exposure to participants was used. Result of this study showed that the residential and industrial areas had the lowest and the highest level of heavy metal. Based on the result of this study, average levels of heavy metal in industrial, high-traffic, and residential areas in autumn and winter were 31.48, 30.89, and 23.21 μg m−3 and 42.60, 37.70, and 40.07 μg m−3, respectively. Based on the result of this study, the highest and the lowest concentration of heavy metal had in the industrial and residential areas. Zn and Pb were the most abundant elements among the studied PM10-bound heavy metals, followed by Cr and Ni. The carcinogenic risks of Cr, Pb, and the integral HQ of metals in PM10 for children and adults via inhalation and dermal exposures exceeded 1 × 10−4 in three areas. Also, based on the result of this study, the values of hazard index (HI) of HM exposure in different areas were significantly higher than standard. The health risks attributed to HM should be further investigated from the perspective of the public health in metropolitans. The result of this study showed increasing exposure concentrations to heavy metal in the studied scenarios have a significant potential for generating different health endpoints, while environmental health management in ambient air can cause disorders in citizenship and causing more spiritual and material cost

Characteristics, sources, and health risks of atmospheric PM10-bound heavy metals in a populated middle eastern city

This study reports on the characteristics, sources, and health risks of atmospheric PM10-bound heavy metals (HMs) on citizenship living in different regions of Ahvaz, Southwest of Iran were investigated during 2016–2017. A total of 84 samples were analyzed from different regions: (S1) industrial, (S2) high traffic, and (S3) residential. Blood samples were collected from people who came to the east health center of Ahvaz. High volume air samplers, equipped with quartz fiber filters (8 × 10) were utilized for sampling in this study. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) was also used for HMs. Risk assessment and hazard index of these pollutants were estimated, using USEPA’s exposure parameters. Based on the results, the highest and the lowest concentration of HM were observed in industrial and residential areas. Blood’s HMs concentration for chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) were 2.932, 4.199, 8.425, and 71.2 μg/dL, respectively. In conclusion, increasing exposure concentration of HMs would have a significant potential for increased cancer and risk of diseases. The results of this study show that increasing exposure concentration to HM in the studied scenarios have a significant potential for generating different health endpoints, although exposing to HMs led to generating diseases in individuals particularly in polluted and populated districts; so, environmental measures should be considered by urban air authorities to mitigate the concentration of these pollutants in ambient air

An evaluation of hospital admission respiratory disease attributed to sulfur dioxide ambient concentration in Ahvaz from 2011 through 2013

There is no doubt that air pollutants have adverse impacts on human health. The main objective of this study was to evaluate hospital admission respiratory disease (HARD) attributed to sulfur dioxide levels in Ahvaz during three successive years. Data was taken from Iranian Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The AirQ2,2,3 model is used to quantify the impact of SO2 on inhabitants of Ahvaz and in terms of hospital admission respiratory diseases. This is a kind of statistical model which is based on some epidemiological indices such as relative risk, baseline incidence, and attributable proportion. Sampling was already performed for 24 h in four stations during 2011–2013. Four stations are good representative for residential, high traffic, industry, and background sites which cover the whole area of the Ahvaz city. Regarding to gravimetric scale, raw data of sulfur dioxide was processed using Excel software. Encoding, filtering, and processing were conducted to prepare input file for the Air Q2,2,3 model. After running model, outputs presented in term of hospital admissions respiratory cases. Based on our result, the highest mean and maximum of seasonal and annual levels for sulfur dioxide were observed in 2013. We concluded that obnoxious quality of fuel and some deficiencies in maintenance and operation of industries lead to worse quality of ambient air especially in 2013. Cumulative cases of HARD attributed to sulfur dioxide level at central of relative risk (RR) were estimated 24, 25, and 30 persons for 2011, 2012, and 2013, respectively. The finding of this study showed that total mean of sulfur dioxide was higher than standard concentration. We also noticed that wintertime concentrations of sulfur dioxide during three successive years were higher than of those levels in summe