Protecting the Parental Rights of Incarcerated Mothers Whose Children are in Foster Care: Proposed Changes to New York\u27s Terminaton of Parental Rights Law

This Article examines the parental rights of incarcerated mothers under New York\u27s foster care and termination of parental rights laws. It describes the foster care system in New York, the grounds for a termination of parental rights proceeding, and the problems that persist despite New York\u27s legislative reforms. After examining these problems, the author proposes several legislative solutions, which include: (1) improving incarcerated parents\u27 access to court proceedings; and (2) requiring social services agencies and prison officials to provide the services necessary to maintain and strengthen the parents\u27 parental relationships. This Article concludes that, while New York has enacted legislation that recognizes the special needs of incarcerated parents whose children are in foster care, further legislation is necessary to address the problems that remain unresolved

Taking Stock and Moving Forward to Improve Prison Visitation Practices: A Response to Prison Visitation Policies: A Fifty-State Survey

Prison Visitation Policies: A Fifty-State Survey is a wonderful resource. The authors\u27 painstaking research has resulted in a dataset of immense importance. In addition, the authors have gone beyond simply describing their findings and have highlighted some of the issues they believe to be most significant. The authors express the hope that their work will both provide a useful body of information and be a catalyst for the research of others. An additional goal, already accomplished to some extent, is that the compilation and presentation of information from all of the states and the Federal Bureau of Prisons will encourage the administrators of the prison systems in these jurisdictions to engage with and learn from each other, thereby improving prison visitation policies throughout the United States

On the statistical interpretation of optical rogue waves

Numerical simulations are used to discuss various aspects of "optical rogue wave" statistics observed in noise-driven fiber supercontinuum generation associated with highly incoherent spectra. In particular, we consider how long wavelength spectral filtering influences the characteristics of the statistical distribution of peak power, and we contrast the statistics of the spectrally filtered SC with the statistics of both the peak power of the most red-shifted soliton in the SC and the maximum peak power across the full temporal field with no spectral selection. For the latter case, we show that the unfiltered statistical distribution can still exhibit a long-tail, but the extreme-events in this case correspond to collisions between solitons of different frequencies. These results confirm the importance of collision dynamics in supercontinuum generation. We also show that the collision-induced events satisfy an extended hydrodynamic definition of "rogue wave" characteristics.Comment: Paper accepted for publication in the European Physical Journal ST, Special Topics. Discussion and Debate: Rogue Waves - towards a unifying concept? To appear 201

Extreme Events in Resonant Radiation from Three-dimensional Light Bullets

We report measurements that show extreme events in the statistics of resonant radiation emitted from spatiotemporal light bullets. We trace the origin of these extreme events back to instabilities leading to steep gradients in the temporal profile of the intense light bullet that occur during the initial collapse dynamics. Numerical simulations reproduce the extreme valued statistics of the resonant radiation which are found to be intrinsically linked to the simultaneous occurrence of both temporal and spatial self-focusing dynamics. Small fluctuations in both the input energy and in the spatial phase curvature explain the observed extreme behaviour.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, submitte

Nonlinear optics of fibre event horizons

The nonlinear interaction of light in an optical fibre can mimic the physics at an event horizon. This analogue arises when a weak probe wave is unable to pass through an intense soliton, despite propagating at a different velocity. To date, these dynamics have been described in the time domain in terms of a soliton-induced refractive index barrier that modifies the velocity of the probe. Here, we complete the physical description of fibre-optic event horizons by presenting a full frequency-domain description in terms of cascaded four-wave mixing between discrete single-frequency fields, and experimentally demonstrate signature frequency shifts using continuous wave lasers. Our description is confirmed by the remarkable agreement with experiments performed in the continuum limit, reached using ultrafast lasers. We anticipate that clarifying the description of fibre event horizons will significantly impact on the description of horizon dynamics and soliton interactions in photonics and other systems.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure

EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BUSINESS COMPETENCIES AND ENTREPRENEURIAL PERFORMANCE IN NIGERIA

Abstract' This study examines the relationship between business competencies and entrepreneurial performance among the micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) owners in Lagos State, Nigeria. Thus, to achieve the research objectives this study employed cross-sectional research. design with the adoption of survey method. The collected data were analysed using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) to show the degree of correlation between the multiple variables under study. The structural path reveals statistical insignificant of human resource competency on entrepreneurial performance at (p=.049, .CR = . 741, p = .459). The financial competency on entrepreneurial performance is insignificant (p = -.023, CR · = -.356. p = . 722) while operational competency did not contributed significantly to entrepreneurial performance (p = .008, CR = .122, p = .903). However, the structural model further indicated that marketing competencies has contributed significantly to entrepreneurial performance (p = .148, CR = 2.181, p = .029). The researcher concludes that there is a partial significant relationship between business competencies and entrepreneurial performance. The study recommended that the individual-organisation characteristics such as knowledge, skills, and abilities are required to perform a specific job perfectly at the organisational level (e.g. human resource competency, marketing competency, financial management competency, and operational management competency). Therefore, the entrepreneurial training agencies ·can take a clue from this study finding when designing entrepreneurial training curriculum with effective state-of-the-art facilities by taking into consideration functional business competencies