The effect of excess dietary manganese on uninfected and Ascaridia galli infected chicks

Abstract The effect of dietary manganese from two different sources on chicks (uninfected and infected with Ascaridia galli) was studied

Coccidian Infection Causes Oxidative Damage in Greenfinches

The main tenet of immunoecology is that individual variation in immune responsiveness is caused by the costs of immune responses to the hosts. Oxidative damage resulting from the excessive production of reactive oxygen species during immune response is hypothesized to form one of such costs. We tested this hypothesis in experimental coccidian infection model in greenfinches Carduelis chloris. Administration of isosporan coccidians to experimental birds did not affect indices of antioxidant protection (TAC and OXY), plasma triglyceride and carotenoid levels or body mass, indicating that pathological consequences of infection were generally mild. Infected birds had on average 8% higher levels of plasma malondialdehyde (MDA, a toxic end-product of lipid peroxidation) than un-infected birds. The birds that had highest MDA levels subsequent to experimental infection experienced the highest decrease in infection intensity. This observation is consistent with the idea that oxidative stress is a causative agent in the control of coccidiosis and supports the concept of oxidative costs of immune responses and parasite resistance. The finding that oxidative damage accompanies even the mild infection with a common parasite highlights the relevance of oxidative stress biology for the immunoecological research

Modulation of liver antioxidant ability under chronic fasciliasis and (Znx Cu1-x)2 (OH) 3C1

1 page.-- Contributed to: Workshop on Biological activity of Metals and Metal Compounds (Sofia, Bulgaria, Nov 2-3, 2006)The aim of the study was to assess the antioxidant status (vitamin C, E, A, zinc, copper, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and malondialdehyde) in chronic stage of fascioliasis after treatment with Zn-Cu mixed basic salt....The study was supported by the Spanish-Bulgarian Scientific Cooperation (CSIC-BAS) — 2005BG-Sp 008.Peer reviewe

The effect of excess dietary manganese on uninfected and Ascaridia galli infected chicks

The effect of dietary manganese from two different sources on chicks (uninfected and infected with Ascaridia galli) was studied. Chick diet was supplemented with 0.9 g Mn2+ kg-1 food either in the form of MnSO4.H2O or 2Gly. MnCl2.2H2O for 20 days. Chicks were divided into six groups: group 0, control; group 1, control + MnSO4.H2O; group 2, control + 2Gly.MnCl2.2H2O; group 3, infected with A. galli; group 4, infected with A. galli + MnSO4.H2O; and group 5, infected with A. galli + 2Gly.MnCl2.2H2O. Body weight, mortality, worm burden, and liver manganese content were investigated. Excess dietary manganese increased weights and manganese level, but mortality and worm burden were unaffected. A greater bioavailability of manganese from 2Gly.MnCl2.2H2O was established.Financial support of the Ministry of Education and Science, Project Ch-551.Peer Reviewe

Antioxidant vitamins and trace elements in rats after Fasciola hepatica infection and zinc treatment

1 página.-- Poster presentado al X Congreso Ibérico de Parasitología (Madrid, España, 15-20 de julio de 2007).Fasciolosis is one of the major stress factors, leading to malnutrition and low performance and production efficiency in domestic animals. Recent studies indicate that fasciolosis has lead to oxidative stress which is the causative agent in the initiation and progress of lipid peroxidation in the hosts. The antioxidant defences depend on microelements or are microelements themselves. Zinc has been shown to have an antioxidant role in defined chemical systems. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of the compound 2Gly.ZnCl2.2H2O on the antioxidant systems comprising vitamins A, C and E, copper, zinc and selenium contents during various stages of fasciolosis. Forty male Wistar albino rats were used. Rats were divided into four groups: Group I, control; Group II, control and treated with 2Gly.ZnCl2.2H2O; Group III, Fasciola hepatica infected rats; and Group IV, Fasciola hepatica infected and treated with 2Gly.ZnCl2.2H2O. Each rat from groups III and IV were orally infected with 25 metacercariae of Fasciola hepatica. A daily dose of 6 mg Zn salt was administered to each animal in Groups II and IV. Treatment was carried out 2 weeks before and 2 weeks after the infection. The control and experimental animals were fed with similar standard fodder for eight weeks. Samples of the livers were taken at 4 and 8 weeks post-infection (wpi) for vitamin and trace element determinations. Vitamin A, C and E levels were determined using HPLC methods and trace elements Zn, Cu and Se by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Fasciolosis caused an imbalance of the concentrations of Zn, Cu and Se in the infected livers in comparison with controls at 4 and 8 wpi. The Zn reduction was the greatest extent in comparison with the other two trace elements. Zn compound application increased the level of Zn almost to the control level and slightly elevated that of Se. Cu level was not influenced by the Zn application. The trace element alterations were better shown at 8 wpi. A, C and E hypovitaminosis were established at 4 and 8 wpi. E hypovitaminosis was higher than the others. The concentrations of the vitamins were found to have altered after Zn application. Vitamin A and E levels returned to within normal limits when Zn was administered to the infected rats. The vitamin C level was slightly positively influenced by Zn application. In this study the compound 2Gly.ZnCl2.2H2O supplementation resulted in the reversal of changes in the vitamin and trace element status during the infection. Imbalance of the studied parameters of the antioxidant defences was nearly restored to control values. The results suggest that the oxidative stress could be one of the underlying factors in the pathogenesis of chronic fasciolosis and indicate the possible therapeutic administration of Zn during chronic infection.This study was supported by a Joint Research Project of the Bulgarian Academy of Science (BAS) and the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) Ref. 2005BG0008 and by a Spanish INIA Research Project Ref. FAU2006-00021-C03-02.Peer reviewe

Antioxidant status in Eimeria acervulina infected chickens after dietary selenium treatment

The effect of sodium selenite on the antioxidant status in broiler chickens infected with Eimeria acervulina was studied. Antioxidant status was measured via blood plasma malonyl dialdehyde (MDA), serum glutathione peroxidase (GPx), erythrocyte catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and plasma levels of selenium (Se), vitamins A, C and E with respect to parasitological and production traits. The study was performed on 100, 20-day old broiler chickens. Four groups of chickens were formed: the 1st - control, the 2nd - control and received Na2SeO3 (0.3 mg/kg diet for 10 days), the 3rd - infected with 3 × 105 sporulated E. acervulina oocysts and the 4th - infected with E. acervulina oocysts and received the same dose Na 2SeO3. Blood samples were taken on Day 8 after the first inoculation. Increased MDA and CAT, reduced SOD and GPx and Se content, and hypovitaminoses A, C and E in the infected chicks, compared to the healthy controls were observed. The changes in the small intestine, lesion scores and oocyst index, and body weight were indicative for a severe E. acervulina infection. Inorganic Se supplementation increased vitamin E, Se content, pGPx-activity, and improved body weights, but it did not influence the parasitological indices. ©2011 Dustri-Verlag Dr. K. Feistle

Influence of selenium and Eimeria tenella infection on antioxidant status in chickens

The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of selenium-yeast (Selp-lex 50, Alltech, Inc. Nicholasville, KY, USA) on the antioxidant defense system (vitamin A, C and E, enzyme GPx, Se and MDA), oocyst and lesion index, and body weights in chickens experimentally infected with Eimeria tenella. 100 clinically healthy broiler chickens, Cobb 500 hybrids, were divided into 4 groups. Chickens from the first group were untreated and non-infected (control group). The second group consisted of non-infected chickens having received Sel-plex in the food from the 1st day of hatching to the end of the experiment. The chickens in Groups 3 and 4 were individually infected with 8.104 sporulated oocyst of E. tenella on Day 17 post-hatching. The fodder of chickens in Group 4 was supplemented with Sel-plex like the first group. Sel-plex was added at a level of 0.3 mg/kg diet. Liver and serum samples were collected for biochemical analyses on 7th day post infection (dpi). Body weights were check on 1st and 7th dpi. Ceca of infected chickens were scored for lesions and oocyst index on 7 dpi. During the acute stage of eimeriosis an antioxidant imbalance was developed in the liver of the infected chickens. Hypovitaminoses A, Cand E, reduced Se level and GPx-activity and increased MDA were observed. Sel-plex supplementation increased liver vitamin E, Se level and serum GPx-activity, improved body weights in the control and in the infected chickens but did not influence parasitological status. Diet complementation with Sel-plex could be beneficial for the hosts in the treatment of parasitic diseases correlated with high levels of oxidative stress. © 2009 Dustri-Verlag Dr. K. Feistle