Proposed Energy Aware Scheduling Algorithm in Data Center by using Map Reduce

The majority of large-scale data intensive applications executed by data centers are based on MapReduce or its open-source implementation, Hadoop. Such applications are executed on large clusters requiring large amounts of energy, making the energy costs a considerable fraction of the data center's overall costs. Therefore minimizing the energy consumption when executing each MapReduce job is a critical concern for data centers. We propose a framework for improving the energy efficiency of MapReduce applications, while satisfying the service level agreement (SLA). We first model the problem of energy-aware scheduling of a single MapReduce job as an Integer Program. We then propose two heuristic algorithms, called Energy-aware MapReduce Scheduling Algorithms (EMRSA-I and EMRSA-II), that find the assignments of map and reduce tasks to the machine slots in order to minimize the energy consumed when executing the application. We perform extensive experiments on a Hadoop cluster to determine the energy consumption and execution time for several workloads from the HiBench benchmark suite including TeraSort, PageRank, and K-means Clustering, and then use this data in an extensive simulation study to analyze the performance of the proposed algorithms. The results show that EMRSA-I and EMRSA-II are able to find near optimal job schedules consuming approximately 40% less energy on average than the schedules obtained by a common practice scheduler that minimizes the makespan

Soil strength from geophysical measurements for soft clays

Knowledge of seabed soils is essential if offshore and nearshore structures are to be safely designed and properly built. A large part of the commercial and operational risk involved relates to uncertainties about the soil properties at the site. It is therefore important to perform sufficient investigation to evaluate these risks thoroughly. Geophysical surveys are required to understand the nature and characteristics of the seabed. Site specific correlations between soil strength and various geophysical measurements can be developed, but a controlled laboratory study is required to highlight variability in these correlations for a range of geotechnical material. This work presents the development of a framework for correlating sediment strength, undrained shear strength, for soft clays to geophysical measurements, primarily shear wave and body wave velocities. Small strain measurements using elastic waves provide valuable soil information without altering the soil fabric. The small strain shear modulus (Gmax) is an indicator of many soil properties such as density, soil stiffness, sample disturbance, and can be calculated using the shear wave velocity (Vs) values measured by bender elements. Influence of variables such as soil density, confining stress, and stress history on shear modulus are also examined.The authors would like to acknowledge the Naval Facilities Engineering Service Center (NAVFAC ESC) and the project Material Uncertainties in Assessing Soil Strength from Geophysical Surveys, BAA number: N6258312R0708.This is the accepted manuscript. The final version is available at http://www.isope.org/publications/proceedings/ISOPE/ISOPE%202015/index.htm

Theory on Measuring Orientation with MEMS Accelerometers in a Centrifuge

Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) sensors have become a common part of everyday life and can be found in a number of consumer electronics. Specifically, MEMS accelerometers have become widespread because of their low cost, due to mass production techniques, and ability to sense constant acceleration. This ability allows devices, such as cellular phones, to measure their rotation relative to Earth's gravity. These properties also make MEMS accelerometers an option for measuring the rotation of geo-structures, such as foundations, in the field or in scale model geotechnical centrifuge tests. MEMS accelerometers appear to be especially beneficial for measuring orientation in centrifuge experiments because they are not limited by the design constraints of traditional tilt sensors: a single constant acceleration vector (Earth's gravity). This paper presents the theory behind using single-axis MEMS accelerometers to measure the orientation of an object on a plane of reactive centrifugal acceleration and Earth's gravity within a geotechnical centrifuge. The paper specifically addresses cross-axis sensitivity which can significantly impact measurements and is typically excluded from simpler theories.The authors acknowledge the National Science Foundation, the Network of Earthquake Engineering Simulations (NEES), and the project Capacity and Performance of Foundations for Offshore Wind Towers, Award Number: 1041604. Additionally, we would like to acknowledge the NEES site at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from ASCE via http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784479087.24

VIRGO: computational prediction of gene functions

Dramatic advances in sequencing technology and sophisticated experimental assays that interrogate the cell, combined with the public availability of the resulting data, herald the era of systems biology. However, the biological functions of more than 40% of the genes in sequenced genomes are unknown, posing a fundamental barrier to progress in systems biology. The large scale and diversity of available data requires the development of techniques that can automatically utilize these datasets to make quantified and robust predictions of gene function that can be experimentally verified. We present a service called the VIRtual Gene Ontology (VIRGO) that (i) constructs a functional linkage network (FLN) from gene expression and molecular interaction data, (ii) labels genes in the FLN with their functional annotations in the Gene Ontology and (iii) systematically propagates these labels across the FLN in order to precisely predict the functions of unlabelled genes. VIRGO assigns confidence estimates to predicted functions so that a biologist can prioritize predictions for further experimental study. For each prediction, VIRGO also provides an informative ‘propagation diagram’ that traces the flow of information in the FLN that led to the prediction. VIRGO is available at

ACTINOMYCIN “D” FROM MARINE SEDIMENT ASSOCIATED STREPTOMYCES CAPILLISPIRALIS MTCC10471

In our screening program for new bio-active metabolites from marine actinomycetes, a cyclic depsipeptide wasfound in the fermentation medium of marine Strepromyces (SS23/4) isolated from sediments collected from Bayoff Bengal, vellampattai,Tamilnadu. It showed strong biological activity against gram-positive / gram negativebacteria by agar overlay technique. It was taxonomically characterized by the basis of morphological andphenotypic characteristics, genotypic data and phylogenetic showing Streptomyces sps. Bio active compoundwas obtained by solvent extraction and purification using column chromatography followed by reverse phaseHPLC. The pure compound had potent activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Multi Drug ResistantMycobacterium tuberculosis strains (437RU) at a concentration of 10 μg/mL, and The minimum inhibitoryconcentration (MIC) against standard test organisms was found to be 1μg/mL against B.subtilis, E.coli andMethicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The compound exhibited potent cytotoxic activity against breastcarcinoma (MCF-7), melanoma cells (A375), prostate carcinoma (DU145) and lung carcinoma (A549) cellswith IC values 20μg/ml. The symbiotic Streptomyces capillispiralis MTCC 10471 produces crude antibiotic30mg/Lt by using nonoptimized fermentation conditions. The structure of the antibiotic was explained by 1D,2D NMR and LC-ESI-MS/MS, MALDI-TOF/MS experiments, revealed that it belongs to cyclic ploy peptideActinomycin D

Electromagnetically induced transparency in superconducting quantum circuits : Effects of decoherence, tunneling and multi-level cross-talk

We explore theoretically electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT) in a superconducting quantum circuit (SQC). The system is a persistent-current flux qubit biased in a $\Lambda$ configuration. Previously [Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 087003 (2004)], we showed that an ideally-prepared EIT system provides a sensitive means to probe decoherence. Here, we extend this work by exploring the effects of imperfect dark-state preparation and specific decoherence mechanisms (population loss via tunneling, pure dephasing, and incoherent population exchange). We find an initial, rapid population loss from the $\Lambda$ system for an imperfectly prepared dark state. This is followed by a slower population loss due to both the detuning of the microwave fields from the EIT resonance and the existing decoherence mechanisms. We find analytic expressions for the slow loss rate, with coefficients that depend on the particular decoherence mechanisms, thereby providing a means to probe, identify, and quantify various sources of decoherence with EIT. We go beyond the rotating wave approximation to consider how strong microwave fields can induce additional off-resonant transitions in the SQC, and we show how these effects can be mitigated by compensation of the resulting AC Stark shifts

Design and implementation of a gas leakage detector using wireless data acquisition system for real time applications using the concept of IoT

According to recent studies regarding environmental hazards, gas leakage has become a major concern. Various safety measures are being taken to avoid any untoward gas accidents. Here, we imbibe on a task to install gas detectors in premises' that are prone to gas accidents. The objective of this work is to design an automatic notifying and alarming system which can detect gas leakage in various premises. Many flammable gases are detected with the aid of a MQ-5 gas sensor, which is followed by a mobile notification to the user in order to take any appropriate actions to prevent excess damage

The Efficiency of Globular Cluster Formation

(Abridged): The total populations of globular cluster systems (GCSs) are discussed in terms of their connection to the efficiency of globular cluster formation---the mass fraction of star-forming gas that was able to form bound stellar clusters rather than isolated stars or unbound associations---in galaxy halos. Observed variations in GCS specific frequencies (S_N=N_gc/L_gal), both as a function of galactocentric radius in individual systems and globally between entire galaxies, are reviewed in this light. It is argued that trends in S_N do not reflect any real variation in the underlying efficiency of cluster formation; rather, they result from ignoring the hot gas in many large ellipticals. This claim is checked and confirmed in each of M87, M49, and NGC 1399, for which existing data are combined to show that the volume density profile of globular clusters, rho_cl, is directly proportional to the sum of (rho_gas+rho_stars) at large radii. The constant of proportionality is the same in each case: epsilon=0.0026 +/- 0.0005 in the mean. This is identified with the globular cluster formation efficiency. The implication that epsilon might have had a universal value is supported by data on the GCSs of 97 early-type galaxies, on the GCS of the Milky Way, and on the ongoing formation of open clusters. These results have specific implications for some issues in GCS and galaxy formation, and they should serve as a strong constraint on more general theories of star and cluster formation.Comment: 36 pages with 11 figures; accepted for publication in The Astronomical Journa

Bifurcations, Chaos, Controlling and Synchronization of Certain Nonlinear Oscillators

In this set of lectures, we review briefly some of the recent developments in the study of the chaotic dynamics of nonlinear oscillators, particularly of damped and driven type. By taking a representative set of examples such as the Duffing, Bonhoeffer-van der Pol and MLC circuit oscillators, we briefly explain the various bifurcations and chaos phenomena associated with these systems. We use numerical and analytical as well as analogue simulation methods to study these systems. Then we point out how controlling of chaotic motions can be effected by algorithmic procedures requiring minimal perturbations. Finally we briefly discuss how synchronization of identically evolving chaotic systems can be achieved and how they can be used in secure communications.Comment: 31 pages (24 figures) LaTeX. To appear Springer Lecture Notes in Physics Please Lakshmanan for figures (e-mail: [email protected]

High Angular Resolution JHK Imaging of the Centers of the Metal-Poor Globular Clusters NGC5272 (M3), NGC6205 (M13), NGC6287, and NGC6341 (M92)

The Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) Adaptive Optics Bonnette (AOB) has been used to obtain high angular resolution JHK images of the centers of the metal-poor globular clusters NGC5272 (M3), NGC6205 (M13), NGC6287, and NGC6341 (M92). The color-magnitude diagrams (CMDs) derived from these data include the upper main sequence and most of the red giant branch (RGB), and the cluster sequences agree with published photometric measurements of bright stars in these clusters. The photometric accuracy is limited by PSF variations, which introduce systematic errors of a few hundredths of a magnitude near the AO reference star. The clusters are paired according to metallicity, and the near-infrared CMDs and luminosity functions are used to investigate the relative ages within each pair. The near-infrared CMDs provide the tightest constraints on the relative ages of the classical second parameter pair NGC5272 and NGC6205, and indicate that these clusters have ages that differ by no more than +/- 1 Gyr. These results thus support the notion that age is not the second parameter. We tentatively conclude that NGC6287 and NGC6341 have ages that differ by no more than +/- 2 Gyr. However, the near-infrared spectral energy distributions of stars in NGC6287 appear to differ from those of stars in outer halo clusters, bringing into question the validity of this age estimate.Comment: 22 pages, 17 figures. To be published in the Astronomical Journa