First and Second Order Optimality Conditions for the Control of Fokker-Planck Equations

In this article we study an optimal control problem subject to the Fokker-Planck equation $$\partial_t \rho - \nu \Delta \rho - {\rm div } \big(\rho B[u]\big) = 0.$$ The control variable $u$ is time-dependent and possibly multidimensional, and the function $B$ depends on the space variable and the control. The cost functional is of tracking type and includes a quadratic regularization term on the control. For this problem, we prove existence of optimal controls and first order necessary conditions. Main emphasis is placed on second order necessary and sufficient conditions

Influence of Ambient Temperature on Frequency and Intensity of Menopausal Hot Flashes a

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/75642/1/j.1749-6632.1990.tb30382.x.pd

Analisis Kinerja Keuangan pada PT. Bank Muamalat Indonesia Tbk Periode 2009-2012

This research aims to determine the financial performance of PT. Bank Muamalat Indonesia Tbk period 2009-2012. The method used is descriptive method with the form of case study research. Period analyzed in this study are the 2009-2012 financial statements published by the Bank Muamalat Indonesia Tbk. The results of data analysis showed that the condition of the liquidity ratio and profitability ratio has fluctuated over the period of analysis and performance of Bank Muamalat Indonesia is in a safe condition and although there is a period of particular ratios that need to be repaired and evaluation

Komponen Struktur Beton Dengan Perkuatan Eksternal

Struktur beton seperti balok bila memikul beban yang berlebihan atau tidak sesuai dengan perencanaan awal akan menyebabkan struktur beton tersebut mengalami penurunan daya dukung. Hal ini bisa disebabkan apabila suatu bangunan/struktur tersebut mengalami Perubahan/alih fungsi dari yang direncanakan sebelumnya. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan membuat tata cara perencanaan dari perkuatan eksternal kemudian dibuat benda uji di laboratorium yang digunakan untuk memverifikasi hasil desain dari tata cara perencanaan. Hasil desain dengan menggunakan tata cara perencanaan pada balok beton tulangan tunggal dengan perkuatan eksternal, kapasitas balok dalam memikul momen sebesar 4905467,88Nmm. Hasil pengujian lentur balok di laboratorium diperoleh kekuatan rata-rata dari 3 balok uji dalam memikul momen yaitu sebesar 4843750,00 Nmm. Hasil uji statistik Student T Test dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95% tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara hasil desain dan hasil pengujian di laboratorium. Dengan menggunakan tata cara perencanaan, maka hasil desain balok beton tulangan rangkap dengan perkuatan eksternal diperoleh kapasitas balok sebesar 6068337,70Nmm. Hasil pengujian lentur dari 3 balok uji memperoleh kekuatan rata-rata balok dalam memikul momen sebesar 6052083,33 Nmm. Hasil uji statistik Student T Test dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95% menghasilkan perbedaan yang tidak signifikan antara hasil desain dan hasil pengujian di laboratorium

Dendrochronological and geomorphological investigations to assess water erosion and mass wasting processes in the Apennines of Southern Tuscany (Italy)

The Tyrrhenian side of the Central Apennines is located in a lively geological context, in which uplift/denudation dynamics played a key role in landscape evolution. Intense water erosion and gravitational processes led to the development of spectacular badlands on the widespread clayey hillslopes. The Crete d'Arbia badlands (as part of the Crete Senesi of Southern Tuscany) represent one of the most beautiful examples of these landforms developed on Pliocene clays. On the other hand, these rapidly evolving landforms endanger the artistic heritage of the area, as with the Monte Oliveto Maggiore Abbey that was constructed on the top of a badland hillslope and confers additional value to the landscape.In the perspective of monitoring and reconstructing some significant phases of the relief evolution of this area an integrated approach has been used, which is based on dendrogeomorphology and geomorphological monitoring techniques. In particular, the correspondence between the data from dendrogeomorphological indicators and the measured denudation rates on badland hillslopes was tested. The sampling for dendrogeomorphological analysis has been performed in two stages on 45 trees of the Pinus pinea L. species, on hillslopes affected by soil creep and shallow landslides, in order to identify annual ring growth anomalies, compression wood and roots exposure. Trees' local behaviour is not homogeneous but some common trends have been detected on the basis of the anomaly index and compression wood. Since 1993 several monitoring stations at badland denudation "hot spots" have been equipped with erosion pins; quantitative data from monitoring stations, compared to pluviometric series, indicated critical phases of denudation that were supported by dendrochronological data. The integrated approach between dendrogeomorphology and geomorphological monitoring techniques allowed calibration of both tools in order to extend the analysis in the period preceding the field measurements. This kind of approach, capable of implementation in many contexts, could be particularly helpful in order to forecast the relief evolutionary trend

Imunogenisitas Heat Killed Vaksin Inaktif Aeromonas Salmonicida pada Ikan Mas (Cyprinus Carpio)

Aeromonas salmonicida merupakan bakteri penyebab penyakit furunculosis dan carp erytrodermatitis. Saat ini sudah dikembangkan vaksin inaktif A. salmonicida dengan formalin yang memiliki imunogenisitas yang cukup tinggi. Vaksin inaktif dengan metode lain perlu dilakukan, salah satunya inaktivasi dengan pemanasan (heat killed). Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui imunogenisitas heat killed vaksin A. salmonicida pada ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio). Penelitian telah dilaksanakan pada bulan Oktober sampai Desember 2012, di Laboratorium Budidaya Perikanan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Lampung. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan membandingkan antara pemberian vaksin dan tanpa pemberian vaksin. Bakteri A. salmonicida diinaktifasi dengan pemanasan pada suhu 100ºC selama 1 jam. Uji viabilitas dilakukan pada media GSP (Glutamat Starch Pseudomonas) untuk memastikan bakteri sudah inaktif. Konsentrasi vaksin diukur dengan spektofotometer ( =625 nm) dan dibandingkan dengan standar Mc Farland. Vaksinasi dilakukan dua tahap secara injeksi intraperitoneal, vaksinasi I dilakukan dengan konsentrasi 107 sel/ikan dengan volume 0,1 ml/ikan. Vaksinasi II dilakukan 8 hari setelahnya dengan konsentrasi yang sama. Pengambilan darah untuk pengamatan hematologi dilakukan sebelum vaksin, 7 hari setelah vaksinasi I, 7 hari setelah vaksinasi II. Ikan yang divaksinasi menunjukan adanya peningkatan imunogenisitas yang ditandai dengan peningkatan nilai titer antibodi, total leukosit, dan korelasi negatif antara total leukosit dengan hematokrit

Modulation of menopausal hot flashes by ambient temperature

1. 1.|The effect of ambient temperature on frequency, intensity and duration of hot flashes was studied in six women with hot flashes who were exposed to cool (Ta = 19[deg]C) and warm (Ta = 31[deg]C) Tas for 8-h periods. Heart rate, skin resistance, core and skin temperatures, subjective hot flash intensity and duration were recorded.2. 2.|In the cool Ta as compared with the warm Ta, hot flashes were significantly less frequent (3.0 HFs/8 h vs 12.2 HFs/8 h, P P P 3. 3.|The modulation of hot flashes by ambient temperature may be due to changes in central thermoregulatory thresholds, modification of thermoregulatory effectors, or alteration of the mechanism that initiates hot flashes.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/30269/1/0000670.pd

The role of clinically significant antiphospholipid antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus

The objective is to investigate the role of clinically significant antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) in a cohort of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. All SLE patients followed for at least 5 years and with available aPL profile at the beginning of the follow-up in our center were studied. Clinically significant aPL were defined as: positive lupus anticoagulant test, anti-cardiolipin and/or anti- β2Glycoprotein I IgG/IgM >99th percentile on two or more occasions at least 12 weeks apart. Patients with and without clinically significant aPL were compared by univariate (Chi square or Fisher's exact test for categorical variables and Student's t or Mann-Whitney test for continuous variables) and multivariate analysis (logistic regression analysis). P values <0.05 were considered significant. Among 317 SLE patients studied, 117 (37%) had a clinically significant aPL profile at baseline. Such patients showed at univariate analysis an increased prevalence of deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, cardiac valvular disease, cognitive dysfunction and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), but a reduced prevalence of acute cutaneous lupus and anti-extractable nuclear antigens (ENA) when compared with patients without clinically significant aPL. Multivariate analysis confirmed the association between clinically significant aPL and reduced risk of acute cutaneous lupus [p=0.003, odds ratio (OR) 0.43] and ENA positivity (p<0.001, OR 0.37), with increased risk of cardiac valvular disease (p=0.024, OR 3.1) and APS (p<0.0001, OR 51.12). Triple positivity was the most frequent profile and was significantly associated to APS (p<0.0001, OR 28.43). Our study showed that one third of SLE patients had clinically significant aPL, and that this is associated with an increased risk, especially for triple positive, of APS, and to a different clinical and serological pattern of disease even in the absence of APS