The Role of Bile in the Regulation of Exocrine Pancreatic Secretion

As early as 1926 Mellanby (1) was able to show that introduction of bile into the duodenum of anesthetized cats produces a copious flow of pancreatic juice. In conscious dogs, Ivy & Lueth (2) reported, bile is only a weak stimulant of pancreatic secretion. Diversion of bile from the duodenum, however, did not influence pancreatic volume secretion stimulated by a meal (3,4). Moreover, Thomas & Crider (5) observed that bile not only failed to stimulate the secretion of pancreatic juice but also abolished the pancreatic response to intraduodenally administered peptone or soap

Effect of Intraduodenal Bile and Na-Taurodeoxycholate on Exocrine Pancreatic Secretion and on Plasma Levels of Secretin, Pancreatic Polypeptide, and Gastrin in Man

The effect of intraduodenally administered cattle bile (CB) and Na-taurodeoxycholate (TDC) on basal pancreatic secretion and plasma levels of secretin, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), and gastrin were investigated on two separate days in 10 fasting volunteers. Doses of 2-6 g CB and 20&600 mg TDC were given intraduodenally at 65-min intervals. Volume, bicarbonate, lipase, trypsin, amylase, and bilirubin were measured in 10-min fractions of duodenal juice, and GI peptides determined by radioimmunoassay. CB and TDC enhanced significantly and dose-dependently volume, bicarbonate and enzyme secretion, and plasma secretin and PP levels. In contrast, plasma gastrin showed only a marginal increase. We conclude that the hydrokinetic effect of intraduodenal CB and TDC is at least partially mediated by secretin. Gastrin could be ruled out as a mediator of the ecbolic effect, whereas other GI peptides, primarily CCK, and/or neural mechanisms must be considered possible mediators. Both pathways may also play a role in the PP release

Uso de oócitos bovinos como citoplasma receptor na produção de embriões por transferência nuclear de célula somática interespécie (NTSCi) Use of bovine oocytes as recipient cytoplasm in the production of embryos through nuclear transfer of interspecies so

ABSTRACT Interspecies embryo clones have been produced by research groups with relative success in some species. Bovine oocytes matured in vitro and enucleated by micromanipulation were used in three experiments as recipeient cytoplasm in nuclear transfer of ovine, caprine and porcine fibroblasts. The fibroblasts were cultivated until the third passage before being frozen and used. The electrofusion was induced by an application of a 20V pulse during 45 ms. The activation was done with 5 mM ionomycin and subsequently 2 mM 6DMAP. NTSC bovine embryos, NTSCi caprine and ovine embryos were cultivated in SOF medium and NTSCi porcine embryos were cultivated in NCSU23 medium. The fusion rates of the reconstructed complexes with bovine cells did not differ from those observed with ovine cells (88.2%), caprine cells (74.1%) and porcine cells (79.4%). The cleavage rates in ovine (60.3%), caprine (68.4%) and porcine (57.1%) NTSCi groups did not differ from the control group NTSC bovine. The blastocyst rate observed in the group of NTSCi ovine embryos (10.3%) was similar to the group of NTSC bovine embryos (12.7%). In NTSCi caprine embryos, 5.3% of the embryos developed up to the blastocyst stage, while in the NTSCi porcine group there was no development up to the blastocyst stage. In conclusion, the bovine cytoplasm was able to support the embryo development in NTSCi up to the blastocyst stage using ovine and caprine fibroblasts as donor cells. Keywords: Embryo, Clones, Interspecies, Nuclear Transfer, In vitro. RESUMO Embriões clones interespécie vêm sendo produzidos por diferentes grupos de pesquisa, com relativo sucesso em algumas espécies. Oócitos bovinos maturados in vitro e enucleados por micromanipulação foram utilizados em três experimentos como citoplasma receptor na transferência nuclear de fibroblastos ovinos, caprinos e suínos. Os fibroblastos foram cultivados até a terceira passagem antes de serem congelados e utilizados. A eletrofusão foi induzida pela aplicação de um pulso de 20 V durante 45 ms. A ativação foi realizada com 5 mM de ionomicina e 2 mM de 6DMAP. Embriões NTSC bovinos, NTSCi caprinos e ovinos foram cultivados em meio SOF, e embriões NTSCi suínos foram cultivados em NCSU23. As taxas de fusão dos complexos reconstruídos com células bovinas não diferiram daquelas observadas com células ovinas (88,2%), caprinas (74,1%) e suínas (79,4%). As taxas de clivagem nos grupos NTSCi ovino (60,3%), caprino (68,4%) e suína (57,1%) não diferiram dos grupos controles NTSC bovino. A taxa de blastocisto observada nos embriões NTSCi ovinos (10,3%) foi semelhante à taxa observada no grupo NTSC bovino (12,7%). No grupo NTSCi caprino, 5,3% dos embriões chegaram ao estádio de blastocisto, enquanto que no grupo NTSCi suíno não houve desenvolvimento até o estádio de blastocisto. O citoplasma bovino foi capaz de suportar o desenvolvimento de embriões NTSCi até o estádio de blastocisto utilizando-se núcleo de fibroblatos ovinos e caprinos

Planeamento dosimétrico de tumores de pulmão

Qual a técnica de irradiação a utilizar? RT convencional, 3DCRT, IMRT, SBRT. Esta selecção depende muito dos equipamentos disponíveis, mas idealmente deve ser sempre acompanhada de técnicas de IGRT

Spinal involvement in mucopolysaccharidosis IVA (Morquio-Brailsford or Morquio A syndrome): presentation, diagnosis and management.

Mucopolysaccharidosis IVA (MPS IVA), also known as Morquio-Brailsford or Morquio A syndrome, is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by a deficiency of the enzyme N-acetyl-galactosamine-6-sulphate sulphatase (GALNS). MPS IVA is multisystemic but manifests primarily as a progressive skeletal dysplasia. Spinal involvement is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in MPS IVA. Early diagnosis and timely treatment of problems involving the spine are critical in preventing or arresting neurological deterioration and loss of function. This review details the spinal manifestations of MPS IVA and describes the tools used to diagnose and monitor spinal involvement. The relative utility of radiography, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the evaluation of cervical spine instability, stenosis, and cord compression is discussed. Surgical interventions, anaesthetic considerations, and the use of neurophysiological monitoring during procedures performed under general anaesthesia are reviewed. Recommendations for regular radiological imaging and neurologic assessments are presented, and the need for a more standardized approach for evaluating and managing spinal involvement in MPS IVA is addressed

JPN Guidelines for the management of acute pancreatitis: severity assessment of acute pancreatitis

This article addresses the criteria for severity assessment and the severity scoring system of the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan; now the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare (the JPN score). It also presents data comparing the JPN score with the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score and the Ranson score, which are the major measuring scales used in the United States and Europe. The goal of investigating these scoring systems is the achievement of earlier diagnosis and more appropriate and successful treatment of severe or moderate acute pancreatitis, which has a high mortality rate. This article makes the following recommendations in terms of assessing the severity of acute pancreatitis

An in-vivo study exploring correlations between early-to-moderate disc degeneration and flexion mobility in the lumbar spine

Purpose: Early disc degeneration (DD) has been thought to be associated with loss of spine 6 stability. However, before this can be understood in relation to back pain, it is necessary to 7 know the relationship between DD and intervertebral motion in people without pain. This 8 study aimed to find out if early to moderate DD is associated with intervertebral motion in 9 people without back pain. 10 Methods: Ten pain free adults, aged 51-71 received recumbent and weight bearing MRI 11 scans and quantitative fluoroscopy (QF) screenings during recumbent and upright lumbar 12 flexion. Forty individual level and 10 composite (L2-S1) radiographic and MRI DD gradings 13 were recorded and correlated with intervertebral flexion ROM, translation, laxity, and 14 motion sharing inequality and variability for both positions. 15 Results: Kinematic values were similar to previous control studies. DD was evidenced up to 16 moderate levels by both radiographic and MRI grading. Disc height loss correlated slightly, 17 but negatively with flexion during weight bearing flexion (R=-0.356, p=0.0.025). Composite 18 MRI DD and T2 signal loss evidenced similar relationships (R= -0.305, R= -0.267) but did not 19 reach statistical significance (p=0.056, p=0.096). No significant relationships between any 20 other kinematic variables and DD were found. 21 Conclusion: This study found only small, indefinite associations between early-to-moderate 22 DD and intervertebral motion in healthy controls. Motion sharing in the absence of pain 23 was also not related to early DD, consistent with previous control studies. Further research 24 is needed to investigate these relationships in patients. 25 Key words: back pain, disc degeneration, instability, imagin