Chronology of Range Expansion of the Coyote, Canis latrans, in New York

Coyotes (Canis latrans) were historically restricted to central North America. In less than two centuries, however, Coyotes have colonized most of the continent, including much of northeastern North America. Better understanding causes and proximate mechanisms of this expansion requires a detailed understanding of how Coyotes colonized areas on a fine scale. We examined the establishment of Coyotes in the State of New York by collecting and analyzing reports of their first occurrence throughout the state over the past century, and creating a detailed map of range expansion. Coyotes first entered New York from the north, circled the Adirondack region prior to colonizing it, and then expanded southward and westward at ca. 78-90 km/decade. The revealed pattern lends little support to the hypotheses that the range expansion is attributable to translocations and releases, or that Coyotes were historically present in the region and only recently expanded in numbers. Rather, the data suggest a correlative relationship between anthropogenic land use and Coyote range expansion

Synthesis of diarylamines in the benzo[b]thiophene series bearing electron donating or withdrawing groups by Buchwald–Hartwig C–N coupling

Diarylamines in the benzo[b]thiophene series bearing electron donating or withdrawing groups, were prepared by Buchwald– Hartwig C–N coupling in moderate to high yields. The conditions used were Pd(OAc)2 (3 mol%), BINAP as ligand (4 mol%) and Cs2CO3 as base (1.4 equiv.), in toluene at 1008C, being 6-bromo or amino benzo[b]thiophenes coupled, respectively, with substituted anilines or phenylbromides. The 6-aminobenzo[b]thiophene derivatives were also prepared by palladium catalyzed C–N coupling of the corresponding 6-bromo compounds with benzophenone imine, followed by acidic hydrolysis of the imino derivatives. When 4-nitrobromobenzene and 4-bromobenzonitrile were used as coupling components, triarylamines were also isolated in small amounts. The presence of a fluorine atom on the phenylbromide highly increases the diarylamine yield

The Effect of Rock Sample Dimension on the P-Wave Velocity

WOS: 000290940700008P-wave velocity is one of the non-destructive geophysical methods directly or indirectly used by engineering working by various filed. Thus the accuracy of the recorded P-wave velocity affects these parameters. In this survey whether the sample dimensions measured in laboratory have effect on P-wave velocity or not was investigated. Nine different rock groups were used in this study. Six different diameter core samples were prepared from each of the groups. Ultrasonic tests were carried out on the core samples having different diameter to investigate how the sound velocity varies with sample dimension. The test results were statistically analyzed using the method of least squares regression, exponential, and polynomial relationship with high correlation coefficient were found between the sample diameters and P-wave velocities. In four sample groups a decrease in ultrasonic velocity depending on an increase in diameter was observed. In five other sample groups in the samples up to 78.68 mm diameter, a decrease in P-wave velocity value was observed but a significant increase in the P-wave velocity was observed for the biggest diameter samples. This observed decrease connected with sample dimension varies dependently on physical characteristic properties of the sample.Nigde University Research Foundation [FEB 2009/31]This study was financially supported by the Nigde University Research Foundation (Project No: FEB 2009/31)

Influence of orthoclase phenocrysts on point load strength of granitic rocks

WOS: 000306444600003The point load index test involves loading cylindrical, block or irregular rock samples between two conical platens until sample failure. The point load strength index (I-s) determined using failure load and sample dimension is widely and variously used in engineering geological studies. Therefore, a comprehensive knowledge about the factors that could influence the index value is necessary. This paper explores the effects of orthoclase phenocryst dimension on the point load strength index (I-s) of granitic materials from Turkey. In this context, point load strength values of 117 granite core samples were determined. The granites used in this study included orthoclase phenocrysts as important mineral constituents. High-resolution image was obtained from the freshly fractured surface of each sample. The ratio of orthoclase phenocrysts (ROP) on the failure surface was determined using image analysis. When point load strength values were correlated with the ratios of orthoclase phenocrysts, an inverse relationship emerged. Issues in order to minimize the influence of orthoclase phenocrysts on the point load strength were discussed. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Nigde University Research Foundation [FEB 2009/31]This study was financially supported by the Nigde University Research Foundation (Project No: FEB 2009/31)

Predicting the Los Angeles abrasion loss of rock aggregates from the uniaxial compressive strength

WOS: 000250071700029Los Angeles abrasion, Uniaxial compression, and porosity tests were performed on 35 different rock types collected from different areas of Turkey, nine of which were igneous, eleven of which were metamorphic and fifteen of which were sedimentary. To investigate the possibility of predicting the Los Angeles (LA) abrasion loss from the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), the results of the tests were analyzed using regression analysis. A good correlation between L.A. abrasion loss and UCS was found. In addition, it was seen that when the rocks were classified into classes according to porosity, the correlation coefficients were increased. Concluding remark is that derived equations can reliably be used for the prediction of L.A. abrasion loss from the UCS. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved

Determination of fracture depth of rock blocks from P-wave velocity

WOS: 000252872300002The quality of large rock blocks produced from quarries depends significantly on the fractures and the extent to which they penetrate into the rock. The paper reports a laboratory study to evaluate the possibility of the determining fracture depth in rock blocks from P-wave velocity. Three igneous, three sedimentary and three metamorphic rocks were studied. Inverse linear relations were found between the fracture depths and the P-wave velocities. Although, the slope of the regression lines is approximately the same for the rocks belonging to one rock class, different trends are seen for the different rock types. In addition, some correlation was found between the slopes of the regression lines and the physical properties of the rocks

Authors' reply to the discussion by A. Karakus on the paper "Predicting the sawability of carbonate rocks using multiple curvilinear regression analysis"

[No abstract available

Predicting the Schmidt hammer values of in-situ intact rock from core sample values

[No abstract available

The effect of water saturation on the strength of marbles

5th Asian Rock Mechanics Symposium 2008, ARMS 2008 -- 24 November 2008 through 26 November 2008 -- -- 139070Uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), Brazilian tensile strength (BTS) and point load strength (Is) of rocks are commonly used for the rock engineering applications. These important rock properties are strongly influenced by the water saturation. In this study, to investigate the effects of water saturation on the strengths of marbles, the UCS, BTS and Is tests were carried out on eight different marble types in the laboratory. The evaluation of results showed that the strength losses due to saturation ranges from 5.0 % to 25.3 % for UCS, from 5.1 % to 20.9 % for BTS, and from 5.6 % to 14.4 % for Is, respectively. The ratios between saturated and dry strength ranges from 74.7 % to 94.9 % for UCS, from 79.1 % to 94.9 % for BTS, and from 85.6 % to 94.4 % for Is, respectively. Linear regression equations between saturated and dry-rock strength values were also derived. The saturated UCS, BTS and Is of marbles can be predicted from the dry UCS, BTS and Is using the developed equations. Keywords: Marbles; Water saturation; Uniaxial compressive strength; Tensile strength; Point load strength. © ISRM International Symposium - 5th Asian Rock Mechanics Symposium 2008, ARMS 2008. All rights reserved

Predicting the compressive and tensile strength of rocks from indentation hardness index

WOS: 000307495500002The prediction of rock properties from indirect testing methods is important, particularly for preliminary investigations since indirect tests are easier and cheaper than the direct tests. In this study, we investigate the predictability of the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) and Brazilian tensile strength (BTS) of rocks from the indentation hardness index (IHI) obtained using point load apparatus. Forty-six different rock types, 14 of which were igneous, 15 were metamorphic, and 17 were sedimentary were tested in the laboratory. The UCS and BTS values were correlated with the corresponding IHI values and the results were statistically analysed. The influence of rock classes on the relationships was also investigated. A strong correlation between UCS and IHI was found for all data. The correlation between BTS and IHI is not as strong as the correlation between UCS and IHI.However, it is in the acceptable limits. When the regression analyses were repeated for igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks, the correlation coefficients were generally increased. The results show the UCS and BTS can be estimated from IHI. In addition, the effect of rock classes on the relationships between IHI and both UCS and BTS is important